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Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States PDF

205 Pages·2010·17.58 MB·English
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Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States Committee on Assessment of the Department of Energy’s Methane Hydrate Research and Development Program: Evaluating Methane Hydrate as a Future Energy Resource Committee on Earth Resources Board on Earth Sciences and Resources Division on Earth and Life Studies Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, N.W. • Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. The opinions, fndings, and conclusions or recommendations contained in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily refect the views of the U.S. Department of Energy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorse- ment by the U.S. government. Supported by the Department of the Energy, under Award No. DE-AT01-08FE0053. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-14889-4 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-14889-8 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet http://www. nap.edu Cover: The backdrop is a three-dimensional rendering of the “structure 1” or s1 methane hydrate in which methane molecules (represented by spheres) are trapped inside hydrogen- bonded water cages. The images embedded within the cages include a hand-held methane hydrate-bearing sediment sample from the Mt. Elbert well at Milne Point, Alaska (upper left), prepared drillcores from the Department of Energy/Joint Industry Project Gulf of Mexico methane hydrate cruise (middle), and the Doyon 14 drill rig at the Mount Elbert test site, Milne Point, Alaska (lower middle). Images courtesy of: M. R. Walsh, Colorado School of Mines (three-dimensional s1 methane hydrate structure); Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Research Team (both the Mt. Elbert hand-held core sample and drill rig); Gulf of Mexico Department of Energy/ Joint Industry Project Research Team (prepared drill cores). Designed by Michael Dudzik. Copyright 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonproft, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientifc and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientifc and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examina- tion of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scien- tifc and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States CoMMITTEE oN ASSESSMENT oF THE DEPARTMENT oF ENERGy’S METHANE HyDRATE RESEARCH AND DEVELoPMENT PRoGRAM: EVALUATING METHANE HyDRATE AS A FUTURE ENERGy RESoURCE 1 CHARLES PAULL (Chair ), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California 2 WILLIAM S. REEBURGH (Chair ), University of California, Irvine (Retired) SCoTT R. DALLIMoRE, Geological Survey of Canada, Sidney, British Columbia 3 GoNzALo ENCISo, oil and Gas Exploration Consultant, Houston, Texas SIDNEy GREEN, University of Utah, Salt Lake City CARoLyN A. KoH, Colorado School of Mines, Golden KEITH A. KVENVoLDEN, U.S. Geological Survey (Retired), Palo Alto, California CHARLES MANKIN, oklahoma Geological Survey (Retired), Norman MICHAEL RIEDEL, Geological Survey of Canada, Sidney, British 4 Columbia National Research Council Staff ELIzABETH A. EIDE, Study Director DEBoRAH GLICKSoN, Program offcer NICHoLAS D. RoGERS, Financial and Research Associate CoURTNEy R. GIBBS, Program Associate 1 August 7, 2009, to present. 2 June 26, 2008, to August 7, 2009. 3 Shell Exploration and Production Company until March 2010. 3 McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada until May 2009. v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States CoMMITTEE oN EARTH RESoURCES 1 CLAyToN R. NICHoLS (Chair ), Department of Energy, Idaho operations offce (Retired), ocean Park, Washington 2 MURRAy W. HITzMAN (Chair ), Colorado School of Mines, Golden JAMES A. BRIERLEy, Brierley Consultancy LLC, Highlands Ranch, Colorado WILLIAM S. CoNDIT, Independent Consultant, Santa Fe, New Mexico ELAINE T. CULLEN, National Institute of occupational Safety and Health, Spokane Research Laboratory (Retired), Chattaroy, Washington GoNzALo ENCISo, oil and Gas Exploration Consultant, Houston, Texas MICHELLE MICHoT FoSS, University of Texas, Austin DoNALD JUCKETT, American Association for Petroleum Geologists (Retired), Springfeld, Virginia ANN S. MAEST, Stratus Consulting, Boulder, Colorado LELAND L. MINK, U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Program (Retired), Worley, Idaho MARy M. PoULToN, University of Arizona, Tucson NoRMAN H. SLEEP, Stanford University, Stanford, California RICHARD J. SWEIGARD, University of Kentucky, Lexington SAMUEL J. TRAINA, University of California, Merced National Research Council Staff ELIzABETH A. EIDE, Senior Program offcer ERIC J. EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant NICHoLAS D. RoGERS, Financial and Research Associate 1 From 2010. 2 Through 2009. vi Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States BoARD oN EARTH SCIENCES AND RESoURCES CORALE L. BRIERLEY (Chair), Brierley Consultancy, LLC, Highlands Ranch, Colorado KEITH C. CLARKE, University of California, Santa Barbara DAVID J. CoWEN, University of South Carolina, Columbia WILLIAM E. DIETRICH, University of California, Berkeley RoGER M. DoWNS, Pennsylvania State University, University Park JEFF DozIER, University of California, Santa Barbara KATHERINE H. FREEMAN, Pennsylvania State University, University Park WILLIAM L. GRAF, University of South Carolina, Columbia RUSSELL J. HEMLEy, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. MURRAy W. HITzMAN, Colorado School of Mines, Golden EDWARD KAVAzANJIAN, JR., Arizona State University, Tempe LOUISE H. KELLOGG, University of California, Davis RoBERT B. MCMASTER, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis CLAUDIA INÉS MoRA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico BRIJ M. MoUDGIL, University of Florida, Gainesville CLAyToN R. NICHoLS, Department of Energy, Idaho operations offce (Retired), ocean Park, Washington JoAQUIN RUIz, University of Arizona, Tucson PETER M. SHEARER, University of California, San Diego REGINAL SPILLER, Allied Energy, Houston, Texas RUSSELL E. STANDS-oVER-BULL, Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, Denver, Colorado TERRy C. WALLACE, JR., Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico HERMAN B. zIMMERMAN, National Science Foundation (Retired), Portland, oregon vii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States National Research Council Staff ANTHoNy R. dE SoUzA, Director ELIzABETH A. EIDE, Senior Program offcer DAVID A. FEARy, Senior Program offcer ANNE M. LINN, Senior Program offcer SAMMANTHA L. MAGSINo, Program offcer MARK D. LANGE, Associate Program offcer LEA A. SHANLEy, Postdoctoral Fellow JENNIFER T. ESTEP, Financial and Administrative Associate NICHoLAS D. RoGERS, Financial and Research Associate CoURTNEy R. GIBBS, Program Associate JASoN R. oRTEGo, Research Associate ERIC J. EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant ToNyA E. FoNG yEE, Senior Program Assistant viii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States oCEAN STUDIES BoARD DoNALD F. BoESCH (Chair), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge EDWARD A. BoyLE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology JoRGE E. CoRREDoR, University of Puerto Rico, Mayag�ez KEITH R. CRIDDLE, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau JoDy W. DEMING, University of Washington MARy (MISSy) H. FEELEy, ExxonMobil Exploration Company, Houston, Texas RoBERT HALLBERG, National oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration DEBRA HERNANDEz, Hernandez and Company, Isle of Palms, South Carolina RoBERT A. HoLMAN, oregon State University, Corvallis KIHo KIM, American University, Washington, D.C. BARBARA A. KNUTH, Cornell University, Ithaca, New york RoBERT A. LAWSoN, Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, California GEoRGE I. MATSUMoTo, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California JAy S. PEARLMAN, The Boeing Company, Port Angeles, Washington ANDREW A. RoSENBERG, University of New Hampshire, Durham DANIEL L. RUDNICK, Scripps Institution of oceanography, La Jolla, California RoBERT J. SERAFIN, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado ANNE M. TREHU, oregon State University, Corvallis PETER L. TyACK, Woods Hole oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts DAWN J. WRIGHT, oregon State University, Corvallis JAMES A. yoDER, Woods Hole oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts ix Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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