Real-Time Digital Signal Processing: Implementation and Application

666 Pages·2006·15.36 MB·english

by  Sen M. Kuo

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Real-Time Digital
Signal Processing
Implementations and Applications
Second Edition
Sen M Kuo
Northern Illinois University, USA
Bob H Lee
Ingenient Technologies Inc., USA
Wenshun Tian
UTStarcom Inc., USA
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Real-Time Digital
Signal Processing
Second Edition
i
JWBK080-FM JWBK080-Kuo March9,2006 19:24 CharCount=0
ii
JWBK080-FM JWBK080-Kuo March9,2006 19:24 CharCount=0
Real-Time Digital
Signal Processing
Implementations and Applications
Second Edition
Sen M Kuo
Northern Illinois University, USA
Bob H Lee
Ingenient Technologies Inc., USA
Wenshun Tian
UTStarcom Inc., USA
iii
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Kuo,SenM.(Sen-Maw)
Real-timedigitalsignalprocessing:implementations,applicationsandexperimentswiththe
TMS320C55X/SenMKuo,BobHLee,WenshunTian.–2nded.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-470-01495-4(cloth)
1.Signalprocessing–Digitaltechniques. 2.TexasInstrumentsTMS320seriesmicroprocessors.
I.Lee,BobH. II.Tian,Wenshun. III.Title.
TK5102.9.K862006
621.382(cid:3)2-dc22 2005036660
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN-13 978-0-470-01495-0
ISBN-10 0-470-01495-4
Typesetin9/11ptTimesbyTechBooks,NewDelhi,India
PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,Wiltshire
Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestry
inwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction.
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Contents
Preface xv
1 Introduction to Real-Time Digital Signal Processing 1
1.1 BasicElementsofReal-TimeDSPSystems 2
1.2 AnalogInterface 3
1.2.1 Sampling 3
1.2.2 QuantizationandEncoding 7
1.2.3 SmoothingFilters 8
1.2.4 DataConverters 9
1.3 DSPHardware 10
1.3.1 DSPHardwareOptions 10
1.3.2 DSPProcessors 13
1.3.3 Fixed-andFloating-PointProcessors 15
1.3.4 Real-TimeConstraints 16
1.4 DSPSystemDesign 17
1.4.1 AlgorithmDevelopment 18
1.4.2 SelectionofDSPProcessors 19
1.4.3 SoftwareDevelopment 20
1.4.4 High-LevelSoftwareDevelopmentTools 21
1.5 IntroductiontoDSPDevelopmentTools 22
1.5.1 CCompiler 22
1.5.2 Assembler 23
1.5.3 Linker 24
1.5.4 OtherDevelopmentTools 25
1.6 ExperimentsandProgramExamples 25
1.6.1 ExperimentsofUsingCCSandDSK 26
1.6.2 DebuggingProgramUsingCCSandDSK 29
1.6.3 FileI/OUsingProbePoint 32
1.6.4 FileI/OUsingCFileSystemFunctions 35
1.6.5 CodeEfficiencyAnalysisUsingProfiler 37
1.6.6 Real-TimeExperimentsUsingDSK 39
1.6.7 SamplingTheory 42
1.6.8 QuantizationinADCs 44
References 45
Exercises 45
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vi CONTENTS
2 Introduction to TMS320C55x Digital Signal Processor 49
2.1 Introduction 49
2.2 TMS320C55xArchitecture 50
2.2.1 ArchitectureOverview 50
2.2.2 Buses 53
2.2.3 On-ChipMemories 53
2.2.4 Memory-MappedRegisters 55
2.2.5 InterruptsandInterruptVector 55
2.3 TMS320C55xPeripherals 58
2.3.1 ExternalMemoryInterface 60
2.3.2 DirectMemoryAccess 60
2.3.3 EnhancedHost-PortInterface 61
2.3.4 Multi-ChannelBufferedSerialPorts 62
2.3.5 ClockGeneratorandTimers 65
2.3.6 GeneralPurposeInput/OutputPort 65
2.4 TMS320C55xAddressingModes 65
2.4.1 DirectAddressingModes 66
2.4.2 IndirectAddressingModes 68
2.4.3 AbsoluteAddressingModes 70
2.4.4 Memory-MappedRegisterAddressingMode 70
2.4.5 RegisterBitsAddressingMode 71
2.4.6 CircularAddressingMode 72
2.5 PipelineandParallelism 73
2.5.1 TMS320C55xPipeline 73
2.5.2 ParallelExecution 74
2.6 TMS320C55xInstructionSet 76
2.6.1 ArithmeticInstructions 76
2.6.2 LogicandBitManipulationInstructions 77
2.6.3 MoveInstruction 78
2.6.4 ProgramFlowControlInstructions 78
2.7 TMS320C55xAssemblyLanguageProgramming 82
2.7.1 AssemblyDirectives 82
2.7.2 AssemblyStatementSyntax 84
2.8 CLanguageProgrammingforTMS320C55x 86
2.8.1 DataTypes 86
2.8.2 AssemblyCodeGenerationbyCCompiler 87
2.8.3 CompilerKeywordsandPragmaDirectives 89
2.9 MixedC-and-AssemblyLanguageProgramming 90
2.10 ExperimentsandProgramExamples 93
2.10.1 InterfacingCwithAssemblyCode 93
2.10.2 AddressingModesUsingAssemblyProgramming 94
2.10.3 Phase-LockedLoopandTimers 97
2.10.4 EMIFConfigurationforUsingSDRAM 103
2.10.5 ProgrammingFlashMemoryDevices 105
2.10.6 UsingMcBSP 106
2.10.7 AIC23Configurations 109
2.10.8 DirectMemoryAccess 111
References 115
Exercises 115
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CONTENTS vii
3 DSP Fundamentals and Implementation
Considerations 121
3.1 DigitalSignalsandSystems 121
3.1.1 ElementaryDigitalSignals 121
3.1.2 BlockDiagramRepresentationofDigitalSystems 123
3.2 SystemConcepts 126
3.2.1 LinearTime-InvariantSystems 126
3.2.2 Thez-Transform 130
3.2.3 TransferFunctions 132
3.2.4 PolesandZeros 135
3.2.5 FrequencyResponses 138
3.2.6 DiscreteFourierTransform 141
3.3 IntroductiontoRandomVariables 142
3.3.1 ReviewofRandomVariables 142
3.3.2 OperationsofRandomVariables 144
3.4 Fixed-PointRepresentationsandQuantizationEffects 147
3.4.1 Fixed-PointFormats 147
3.4.2 QuantizationErrors 151
3.4.3 SignalQuantization 151
3.4.4 CoefficientQuantization 153
3.4.5 RoundoffNoise 153
3.4.6 Fixed-PointToolbox 154
3.5 OverflowandSolutions 157
3.5.1 SaturationArithmetic 157
3.5.2 OverflowHandling 158
3.5.3 ScalingofSignals 158
3.5.4 GuardBits 159
3.6 ExperimentsandProgramExamples 159
3.6.1 QuantizationofSinusoidalSignals 160
3.6.2 QuantizationofAudioSignals 161
3.6.3 QuantizationofCoefficients 162
3.6.4 OverflowandSaturationArithmetic 164
3.6.5 FunctionApproximations 167
3.6.6 Real-TimeDigitalSignalGenerationUsingDSK 175
References 180
Exercises 180
4 Design and Implementation of FIR Filters 185
4.1 IntroductiontoFIRFilters 185
4.1.1 FilterCharacteristics 185
4.1.2 FilterTypes 187
4.1.3 FilterSpecifications 189
4.1.4 Linear-PhaseFIRFilters 191
4.1.5 RealizationofFIRFilters 194
4.2 DesignofFIRFilters 196
4.2.1 FourierSeriesMethod 197
4.2.2 GibbsPhenomenon 198
4.2.3 WindowFunctions 201
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viii CONTENTS
4.2.4 DesignofFIRFiltersUsingMATLAB 206
4.2.5 DesignofFIRFiltersUsingFDATool 207
4.3 ImplementationConsiderations 213
4.3.1 QuantizationEffectsinFIRFilters 213
4.3.2 MATLABImplementations 216
4.3.3 Floating-PointCImplementations 218
4.3.4 Fixed-PointCImplementations 219
4.4 Applications:InterpolationandDecimationFilters 220
4.4.1 Interpolation 220
4.4.2 Decimation 221
4.4.3 Sampling-RateConversion 221
4.4.4 MATLABImplementations 224
4.5 ExperimentsandProgramExamples 225
4.5.1 ImplementationofFIRFiltersUsingFixed-PointC 226
4.5.2 ImplementationofFIRFilterUsingC55xAssembly
Language 226
4.5.3 OptimizationforSymmetricFIRFilters 228
4.5.4 OptimizationUsingDualMACArchitecture 230
4.5.5 ImplementationofDecimation 232
4.5.6 ImplementationofInterpolation 233
4.5.7 SampleRateConversion 234
4.5.8 Real-TimeSampleRateConversionUsing
DSP/BIOSandDSK 235
References 245
Exercises 245
5 Design and Implementation of IIR Filters 249
5.1 Introduction 249
5.1.1 AnalogSystems 249
5.1.2 MappingProperties 251
5.1.3 CharacteristicsofAnalogFilters 252
5.1.4 FrequencyTransforms 254
5.2 DesignofIIRFilters 255
5.2.1 BilinearTransform 256
5.2.2 FilterDesignUsingBilinearTransform 257
5.3 RealizationofIIRFilters 258
5.3.1 DirectForms 258
5.3.2 CascadeForms 260
5.3.3 ParallelForms 262
5.3.4 RealizationofIIRFiltersUsingMATLAB 263
5.4 DesignofIIRFiltersUsingMATLAB 264
5.4.1 FilterDesignUsingMATLAB 264
5.4.2 FrequencyTransformsUsingMATLAB 267
5.4.3 DesignandRealizationUsingFDATool 268
5.5 ImplementationConsiderations 271
5.5.1 Stability 271
5.5.2 Finite-PrecisionEffectsandSolutions 273
5.5.3 MATLABImplementations 275