Frontiers in Earth Sciences SeriesEditors:J.P.Brun,O.Oncken,H.Weissert,W.-C.Dullo . Editor-in-Chief Victor A. Melezhik Lee R. Kump Anthony E. Fallick Harald Strauss Eero J. Hanski Anthony R. Prave Editors Aivo Lepland Reading the Archive of Earth’s Oxygenation Volume 3: Global Events and the Fennoscandian Arctic Russia - Drilling Early Earth Project Editor-in-Chief VictorA.Melezhik GeologicalSurveyofNorway Trondheim CentreofExcellenceinGeobiology UniversityofBergen Norway Editors LeeR.Kump AnthonyE.Fallick DepartmentofGeosciences EnvironmentalResearchCentre PennsylvaniaStateUniversity ScottishUniversities Pennsylvania EastKilbride USA UnitedKingdom HaraldStrauss EeroJ.Hanski Institutf€urGeologie DepartmentofGeosciences Westf€alischeWilhelms-Univ.M€unster UniversityofOulu M€unster Oulu Germany Finland AnthonyR.Prave AivoLepland DepartmentofEarthScience GeologicalSurveyofNorway UniversityofStAndrews Trondheim UnitedKingdom Norway ISSN1863-4621 ISBN978-3-642-29669-7 ISBN978-3-642-29670-3(eBook) DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-29670-3 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012944339 #Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Dedication The editors respectfully dedi- cate this three-volume treatise toDr.Alexander Predovsky of the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Apatity. He is one of the earliest explorers of the Pre- cambrian geology in Russian Fennoscandia,andhishalfcen- turyofactiveworkonthegeo- chemistry of sedimentary and igneous rocks provided impor- tantfoundationsforthecurrent understanding of Palaeopro- terozoicstratigraphy,geochem- istry of sedimentary and volcanicprocessesandorefor- mationintheregion. . Contributors to Three-Volume Treatise Reading the Archive of Earth’s Oxygenation, Volume 3: Global Events and the Fennoscandian Arctic Russia: Drilling Early Earth Project Wladyslaw Altermann Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield,Pretoria0028,SouthAfrica Dan Asael Institut Universitaire Europe´en de la Mer, UMR 6538, Technopoˆle Brest-Iroise, PlaceNicolasCopernic,29280Plouzane´,France Alex T. Brasier Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, EastKilbride,GlasgowG750QF,Scotland,UK RamanandaChakrabarti DepartmentofEarthandPlanetarySciences,HarvardUniversity, 20OxfordStreet,Cambridge,MA02138,USA/CenterforEarthSciences,IndianInstituteof Science,Bangalore560012,India DanielJ.Condon NERCIsotopeGeosciencesLaboratory(NIGL),Keyworth,Nottingham, UK Alenka E. Cˇrne Geological Survey of Norway, Postboks 6315 Sluppen, NO-7491 Trondheim,Norway Nicolas Dauphas Origins Lab, Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute,TheUniversityofChicago,5734SouthEllisAvenue,Chicago,IL60637,USA Yulia E. Deines Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences,Pushkinskaya11,185610Petrozavodsk,Russia Patrick G. Eriksson Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield,Pretoria-Tshwane0028,SouthAfrica AnthonyE.Fallick ScottishUniversitiesEnvironmentalResearchCentre,RankineAvenue, EastKilbride,GlasgowG750QF,Scotland,UK JurajFarkasˇ DepartmentofGeochemistry,CzechGeologicalSurvey,Geologicka6,15200 Prague 5, Czech Republic / Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences,Kamy´cka129,Prague6,16521Suchdol,CzechRepublic MichaelM.Filippov InstituteofGeology,Karelian ResearchCentre,RussianAcademy of Sciences,Pushkinskaya11,185610Petrozavodsk,Russia Harald Furnes Department of Earth Science and Centre for Geobiology, Allegaten 41, BergenN-5007,Norway IgorM.Gorokhov InstituteofPrecambrianGeologyandGeochronology,RussianAcademy ofSciences,Makarova2,199034St.Petersburg,Russia vii viii ContributorstoThree-olumeTreatise Judith L. Hannah Geological Survey of Norway, 7491 Trondheim, Norway / AIRIE Pro- gram,DepartmentofGeosciences,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO80523-1482, USA EeroJ.Hanski DepartmentofGeosciences,UniversityofOulu,P.O.Box3000,90014Oulu, Finland Christian J. Illing Institut f€ur Geologie und Pal€aontologie, Westf€alische Wilhelms- Universit€atM€unster,Corrensstr.24,48149M€unster,Germany Stein B. Jacobsen Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 OxfordStreet,Cambridge,MA02138,USA Emmanuelle J. Javaux Department of Geology, University of Lie`ge, 17 alle´e du 6 Aouˆt B18,4000Lie`ge,Belgium LauriJoosu DepartmentofGeology,InstituteofEcologyandEarthSciences,Universityof Tartu,Ravila14a,50411Tartu,Estonia KalleKirsim€ae DepartmentofGeology,TartuUniversity,Ravila14A,50411Tartu,Estonia Lee R. Kump Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvanian State University, 503 Deike Building,UniversityPark,PA16870,USA Anton B. Kuznetsov Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian AcademyofSciences,Makarova2,199034St.Petersburg,Russia AivoLepland GeologicalSurveyofNorway,Postboks6315Sluppen,NO-7491Trondheim, Norway KevinLepot De´partementdeGe´ologie,Palaeobiogeology-Palaeobotany-Palaeopalynology, Universite´ deLie`ge,4000Liege,Belgium TimothyW. Lyons Department ofEarthSciences, Universityof California, Riverside,CA 92521,USA Adam P. Martin NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory (NIGL), Keyworth, Nottingham, UK NicolaMcLoughlin DepartmentofEarthScienceandCentreforGeobiology,Allegaten41, BergenN-5007,Norway Pavel V. Medvedev Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences,Pushkinskaya11,185910Petrozavodsk,Russia Victor A. Melezhik Geological Survey of Norway, Postboks 6315 Sluppen, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway / Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, Bergen N-5007,Norway Dominic Papineau Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, DevlinHall213,140Commonwealthavenue,ChestnutHill,MA02467,USA Anthony R. Prave Department of Earth Science, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews KY169AL,Scotland,UK Christopher T. Reinhard Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, River- side,CA92521,USA Marlene Reuschel Institut f€ur Geologie und Pal€aontologie, Westf€alische Wilhelms- Universit€atM€unster,Corrensstrasse24,48149M€unster,Germany Alexander E. Romashkin Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Acad- emyofSciences,Pushkinskaya11,185610Petrozavodsk,Russia ContributorstoThree-olumeTreatise ix OlivierRouxel IFREMER,DepartmentofRessourcesphysiquesetEcosyste`mesdefondde Mer,TechnopoˆleBrest-Iroise,29280Plouzane´,France Dmitry V. Rychanchik Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy ofSciences,Pushkinskaya11,185610Petrozavodsk,Russia Paula E. Salminen Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box64,(GustafH€allstr€ominkatu2a),00014Helsinki,Finland Ronny Schoenberg Department for Geosciences, Universityof Tuebingen, Wilhelmstrasse 56,72074Tuebingen,Germany Hubert Staudigel Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 0225 La Jolla,SanDiego,CA92093-0225,USA Holly J. Stein Geological Survey of Norway, 7491 Trondheim, Norway / AIRIE Program, DepartmentofGeosciences,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO80523-1482,USA HaraldStrauss Institutf€urGeologieundPal€aontologie,Westf€alischeWilhelms-Universit€at, Corrensstrasse24,48149M€unster,Germany Roger E. Summons Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology, 77Massachusetts Avenue, E25-633Cambridge,MA 02139,USA Franc¸ois L.H. Tissot Origins Lab, Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Grant M. Young Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London N6A5B7,ON,Canada MarkvanZuilen InstitutdePhysiqueduGlobedeParis,EquipeGe´obiosphe`reActuelleet Primitive,1rueJussieu,75238cedex5Paris,France
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