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Reading Capital PDF

589 Pages·2016·3.54 MB·Tagalog
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Reading Capital Reading Capital The Complete Edition Louis Althusser ÉTIENNE BALIBAR, ROGER ESTABLET, JACQUES RANCIÈRE AND PIERRE MACHEREY Translated by Ben Brewster and David Fernbach This book is supported by the Institut Français (Royaume-Uni) as part of the Burgess programme (www.frenchbooknews.com) This Complete Edition first published by Verso 2015 Translation of Parts One, Four and Five © Ben Brewster 1970, 1997, 2009, 2015 Translation of Part Two © Ben Brewster 1976, 2015 Translation of Parts Three and Six © David Fernbach 2015 First published as Lire le Capital © François Maspero 1965 Second (abridged) edition © François Maspero 1968 Third (complete) edition © Presses Universitaires de France 1996 First published (abridged) in this English translation by New Left Books 1970 First Verso edition published 1997 Part Two first published in English in Economy and Society 1976 All rights reserved The moral rights of the author have been asserted 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London W1F 0EG US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 1010, Brooklyn, NY 11201 www.versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN-13: 978-1-78478141-5 (PB) ISBN-13: 978-1-78478144-6 (HB) eISBN-13: 978-1-78478143-9 (UK) eISBN-13: 978-1-78478142-2 (US) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Althusser, Louis, 1918– 1990. | Balibar, Etienne, 1942– | Fernbach, David. Title: Reading capital : the complete edition / Louis Althusser ; introduction by Etienne Balibar ; contributions by Roger Establet ; contributions by Jacques Ranciere ; contributions by Pierre Macherey ; translated by Ben Brewster and David Fernbach. Other titles: Lire “Le capital”. English Description: Brooklyn : Verso, 2016. | First published in this English translation by New Left Books 1970; First Verso edition published 1997. Identifiers: LCCN 2015028634| ISBN 9781784781415 (paperback) | ISBN 9781784781446 (hardback) | ISBN 9781784781439 (US) | ISBN 9781784781422 (UK) Subjects: LCSH: Marx, Karl, 1818–1883. Kapital. | Marxian economics. | BISAC: POLITICAL SCIENCE / History & Theory. Classification: LCC HB501 .A5613 2016 | DDC 335.4/12–dc23 Classification: LCC HB501 .A5613 2016 | DDC 335.4/12–dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015028634 Typeset in Bembo by MJ & N Gavan, Truro, Cornwall Printed in the US by Maple Press Contents Editorial Note Presentation – Étienne Balibar PART ONE From Capital to Marx’s Philosophy – Louis Althusser PART TWO The Concept of Critique and the Critique of Political Economy: From the 1844 Manuscripts to Capital – Jacques Rancière 1. The Critique of Political Economy in the 1844 Manuscripts 2. Critique and Science in Capital 3. Remarks by Way of Conclusion PART THREE On the Process of Exposition of Capital (The Work of Concepts) – Pierre Macherey 1. The Starting-Point and the Analysis of Wealth 2. The Analysis of the Commodity and the Appearance of Contradiction 3. The Analysis of Value PART FOUR The Object of Capital – Louis Althusser 1. Introduction 2. Marx and His Discoveries 3. The Merits of Classical Economics 4. The Errors of Classical Economics: Outline of a Concept of Historical Time 5. Marxism Is Not a Historicism 6. The Epistemological Propositions of Capital (Marx, Engels) 7. The Object of Political Economy 8. Marx’s Critique 9. Marx’s Immense Theoretical Revolution Appendix: On the ‘Ideal Average’ and the Forms of Transition PART FIVE On the Basic Concepts of Historical Materialism – Étienne Balibar 1. From Periodization to the Modes of Production 2. The Elements of the Structure and their History 3. On Reproduction 4. Elements for a Theory of Transition PART SIX Presentation of the Plan of Capital – Roger Establet 1. Marx’s Own Presentation of Capital 2. The Articulations of Capital 3. The Theoretical Field of Volumes One and Two 4. The Definition of the Object of the Second Part of Articulation II 5. The Study of the Sub-articulations of the Second Part of Articulation II 6. The Definition of Articulation II 7. Conclusion Notes Glossary Index Editorial Note Ben Brewster’s translations of For Marx and Reading Capital introduced the work of Althusser and his school to an English readership. They remain widely acclaimed for their fidelity to the original, and their rendering of Althusser’s technical vocabulary has been generally adopted – see the Glossary in this volume. Forty-five years ago, however, many texts of Marx, including Capital itself, were available in English only in out-dated translations, and others such as the Grundrisse not at all. The decision has been made for this anniversary edition to replace all quotations using the Penguin editions of Capital and the Grundrisse, and for other writings the Marx and Engels Collected Works. This has required some correlative changes to the translation of the main text, for example the substitution of ‘worker’ for ‘labourer’, and a few minor adjustments have also been made in the interest of maximum clarity. In the case of Volume One of Capital, Althusser and his colleagues quoted throughout the French edition of Le Capital translated by Joseph Roy and revised by Marx himself. In the situation at that time, Ben Brewster opted to translate these quotations from the French; they have now been replaced as per the Penguin translation, but in cases where Marx made changes for the French edition, this has been indicated.1 Finally, in quotations from Marx, emphases in the original have been indicated by underlining, to distinguish them from emphases in italics by Althusser and his co-authors. Presentation The collective work Lire le Capital, which is given here in a new edition, has been out of print and unobtainable for several years. Yet it continues to serve as a marker and reference in debates and research over the interpretation of Marx’s thought (even beyond the different currents of ‘Marxism’), whether the object and status of epistemology (caught between ‘internalist’ and ‘externalist’ models), or questions of political philosophy and theory of history raised by the critique of the category of ‘subject’, for which the notion of structuralism at one time served as a signal, despite uncertainties that will be mentioned below. These three theoretical contexts were typical of the intellectual movement of the 1960s, the effects of which are still being felt today. Lire le Capital is particularly representative of this conjunction. It is situated in fact at the point of encounter (and mutual tension) of various projects that will be found constantly intertwined in the following texts, each of its authors seeking to bring to these their own illumination and particular emphasis. The first of these is the critical re-reading of Marx’s scientific work and the mobilization of his concepts across the field of the human sciences. The second is the recasting of the categories and figures of dialectics, in the light of the idea of ‘structural causality’. This in its turn is inseparable from a reflection on the scope of the concepts of Freudian psychoanalysis, beyond the strict boundaries of the clinic, and a philosophical attempt to substitute for any theory of knowledge (that is, of its foundation or criteria) a problematic of the ‘symptomatic reading’ of texts, ‘theoretical practice’, and the material production of ‘knowledge effects’. The final project, which at least subjectively dominated all the others, was the quest for a Communist politics of Spinozist inspiration (or, as Althusser also formulated it

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