Ravenna in Late Antiquity

471 Pages·2010·61.81 MB·English

by  Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis

RAVENNA IN LATE ANTIQYITY
RJ\"!.'I1n'l w~s one of the mOST import:L111 cilies of laTe nnTiqllc Ellrope. Bel\\"~cn
AD 400 ~nd 75[, it """1$ The rt""sjden~""e ofwesrenJ H.Olll:m emperors, Ostrogothi"
kinp;, and Rp:antine go\"~mo~ of Italr. while its hi~hop~ ,md archhishops ranked
~"eond only to Ih" IlOpt's. During this 35o.)"<~~r p~,.iod. th~ dry wa~ progressin~l)'
enlarged and enriched hr remarkahle works of niT nnd ~rchitccn1l"l.', m~ny of which
still SUTvive to(iJy. Thus. Ravenna and it~ mOnUlllCiUS arc of critical i1l11:>orTallCC to
historialls and arT hisTOri:ln~ of The hIt<: :Incient world. This book pl"(wides n Wtn
pr~'hcnsin: surn-y of R31'cnna's history :md monumcnts in btl' anti'luit}', including
discus.~ions of scholarly conrrovc~ie5. archa~ological discoveries, ami new interprl'
rations of "rt works. As a synthesis of the voluminoll.~ literature on this topic. this
1'01ulI1" 1)1"Ol'id",; an English_langl..l"ge "ntry point for rhe studr of this fascinating
city.
Deborah _\1auskopf Dclipnnis is a:;$istant protc§sor of history at Indiana Uni_
versity. She is thl' editor and transbtor of Agnel1us of Ravenna's Lihel" pomijlf'llis
M.-I...-i.u Rln'elI1I11fis. and she is the executive ediTOr of Tbe tlIedicl."111 Nevin;.

RAVENNA IN LATE ANTIOlIITY
Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis
~CAMBRIDGE
~ UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAM BRIDGE U""VERSlTY PROSS
umbridge. New York. ,\1dboomc, ,\1odrid. up< T o,,'n. Sing.pore,
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3' A,..,nu. of the Americas. New York. ~y 1001 3·'47J. c. ....
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or aocur.cy of ~R> for .>:1<",,' or <hirJ.porty 1n1<"",' Web >it""
,dcrreJ to in thi. public><ic<J and doe. J>Ot gu. rantee <hat :ony ro<!1<nt
on.-..eh Weh ,ite, ;., 0 .. ,",'ill ",,,,,,in. """""'te or '1'1'''-'1''';'''_
CONTENTS
List of lllustrJtions
List of Tables "
]'refilcc
CHAPHRONl
•
INTRODUCTION
luwenn. C.pltol? •
J I is",r,. of S<:h"brsllil' 011 R. ...' nn. l
Som~ Arrh,.oJul!iall Consider,,,;,,,,, "
fl."·,,nn. ond Ihc I h"""<>gfllph)' of L'le Amique ,\n on,1 -\reh"",,"". ·S
CHAI'HR TWO
,.
ROMAN RAVENNA
,.
The Origin' of 11."'"",,. .,
-lhc Rcpllhi""" Ci.y .,
.
Cia"",: The Rom." Impcr;' I I lorho, .nd Fleet ,
11.,,,,,."
The City ofR,,'.nn. in Fm]>ir.
Ih~
.\ 'lltird- ,lid Fourth-<..:cmury Crisi,'
II
11."'011"" ChriSli,n Origtn,
"
UIAt'HR THRH
RAVENNA AND THE W[SHRN EMPIRORS. AD 400 -4119
="nl
Th. 1..,0" Cemury of the \ \. Rom.n Empi,..,
tt,.
\In,-jllg C'pi. . i to fl. ..' .nn.
Gpi,.1
JU"cmlO '~'
It"'"",, ••••
"de IIIlprii
\"In CONTENTS
Th" Uty \ \ .11s of R,wn". 5'
The I\',torm"",,"
H
Th
PoI:>r<~» <:5
Other P"hlic B"ilrlmg>
"
O,u",he'S o.,
Chu"'h. ... m th. Iionon.n I'e'iod "
G,l1. PI""idi,. eh"",h", 0,
S.n Gim .. nni Fungcliil.
Sonto Croce 70
Th. -,\ 10"-;01.",,, of G.II. Placid i.-
The Ri", of Cln,,,,h of Ro> enn.
,h~
The Coth.dr.1
The Onh"<1,,. B'p,i"cf)'
Th. Fp;",up.1 1'.10<..,
,~
O,her 1'.1';-';"1',1 Church l'o"",1.';on,
'"
Tn. End uf 1"'I",ri,1 1U"",n.
CHAPTER fOUR
RAVENNA. TH E CAPITAL OF TH E OSTROGOTH Ie
KINGDOM ,0<
Tn..oocric >"d ,08
h.~,
".
Theo<loric" R"-e,,n'
'Throdcric',I'.Io"",
'"
Theodoric', Other SCCll],r Con."ro<;u"",
'"
".
'Ine _11>u.oI<"", of
-n,cod~nc
The Os'!'<)gothtc Kingdo'" .fter Tho:od.ric to HO , 5'
CHAPHR IIVl
RELIGION IN OSTROGOTHIC RAVENNA
'JO
'nO
,>,ri.ni"" on.! Goth, 'JO
,.'
s.".
',Ipolli".r<: .'<UO"O
11"""i<;s r;: ,
S.mo SI,irito (,h< .' lri:in e.,hcJroJj , i 4
Theln.n B'l"iste.y 'i7
'I". Onhodox Church in Ostrog-"th ic R.",:",,; '"
,"
_-Jrri,-,,,,,,-jf,
'The C<If"I'a
The Forl)' Si>.,h-Ce",ury ehurche, "fCb"" ""
,,8
The Orthodox Ch"r<:I1 .fteT l"eodenc
CONTENTS
CHArnR SIX
RAVENNA'S EARLY BYZANTINE P[RIOD. AD .540600 '0'
Th. b,,'irolUl\em .nd 1",li'" l ro,ni>", >OJ
°lnc B)u,,'inc ~"""09u,,,' ,od 'he LO!nh,,,I~
,,"
E",,.l>I;,Ju,,em of. IIp,.ntine ,\d",;"i"r.l;on
Th~
The ,,,,,hhi"',,,,, of R.nno. ""
-n"01l"
'I'he C ..h cd,..,l ,nd the Fl'i'"'0I",1
":I
Churl'h lIuildio!(
'"
Church Iluildin)i: in 'he City of R"·,,rm. " ,
S.ma ,\hr;' ,\Ioggiar" ,1>
San \'1>le "3
S .., .\ hchclc in ,\fric;""" '50
Sc St"phcll
''is
Othe,. Clt ... rd"" 1.5 6
Church lIuildin!( i" CI.ss. "
"
,
St. Pml,,"<. St. F.lc""h.di,,!, '0,1 St. F "phe",i. iIlf mart! '.5. 8
So",', \pollin.", in el."",
"
San So"em '74
CHAPHR SLVlN
RAVENNA CAPITAL AD 600-850
IUll"enn. Co!'it.1 of the B)"Z:Int Ine rnrch".
o
,Armhi,/",!,' .n,I»"I"'" 'The '\utOC"l'h.I}' Quo"i"n ,l!J
After the Exo",h"e ,,.,,
"4
R"'cnn,, By".min. 'nd P"'t-Il)7.lntlllC Flit.
on,.
EllVim'U"."t ."d l'rba" Life ,88
AJl~nn ..h , ~.,'c"n.o Agnellu>. .nd the C.rolingi.n, '91
Appendix: Tables
Notes
References '"
Indel<
HI
LIST OF ILLUSTRATION S
Plates
Ia. ",\ \,usolculll of G.Il. I)locidi •• interior vicw looking towonl ,he
~
~.h
I h. 'j\ Iousolcum of G.Il. "Jacidia," Christ os .he Good Shepherd,
north lunette Illosoic
lb. Orthodox B.priSlcry. stucco deconotion .( the window rone
Ill>. Orthodox B'pti,tcry. mos,ics of the dome
IlIa. S.n!'Apollin.re 1"uo,"o, mosoic of the north "",11, the Virgin .nd
Child H.nked by .ngels, ,nd the three ,\logi
III h. Som 'Apollin.re Nuo.·o, mosaic ofthe soulh w.l1, detail of
St. f., !anin leading me pr"""",;on of m,le saints
w.n.
IV• . S.m'Apollin.re N UO''', moso;c of the south R",CTUl' .nd
its "p.lotium"
TVb. Ari.n B.ptistery, mos.;cs of {he dome
=""""".,• .
V. CRP"'" "jew of {he ch.pe]'s v.ults
Via. Son Vit.le, the presbitcry .nd.pse
VII>. Son Vit.lo, 1ll00';. of the south I'n,.hitcry won, Mcichisc<Je~ .nd
Ahd
V1l •. Son Vitole, mos.ic of the north 'P'" woll.Justini.n .nd his court
Vllh. Son Vit.]e, mosoie of the south opse ""U, "I"he<:>doro .nd her eourt
VIII• . S.nt'Apoliinore in Classe, ,'iew of the interior
'1""
\'Ilib. S.nt' Apotlinorc in CI3SSc, of the '':;lUlt
l1l0s0ics
Figures
I, CUlTInt ",,,,,,,I pl~n of R.,','Tma, o,'erl.id with ,he I,," onti'IU" w.lls
w.t,,.w,},,
ond with m.jor ..l .iles .,
.",h.eologi~ {>Ilg' "
.' Tub; ]iui/i, "Iuse<> Nuion.le, Rovenn.
,
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
,.
,\lop showing R,,'enno in the Rom.n imperi.1 period. co. AD .oo "
+ Funer. .y stele of Longidienus, 0 ship builder (jam- "'n'a/is) .,
l>Ub~us
of Cia"". first century BCIA D. ,\losco N.zion.le. R,,'enlUl
5' Reconstrt>Ction of the l'om Aure. embedded within the Iote
.ntique .... ]],
B
O. ,\ lap showing R,,·eoo •. Cia"", ••n d the Adri.tic coostline in the
,.
fifth, sinh• • nd ninth centuries "
11."''''''''.
/llap of Cl_A D 480 "
•• G<:>ld soli~us of G.ll> I'I""i<li •. ob'-crse ond ,,"-crse, AD 4' 6-}0 <J
•
,. PI.n of the p.l""e. os known from ex",,,. .t ions. co, AD 450 "
S.n Giov.nni Ev.ngclisto, pion of the e.rly fifth..c;entury ph.se "
u. S.n Giov.nn i Ev.ngelisto, pion of the modified churcb.
",,-cnth--tenth ",nturic< "
".
,. S.n Gim-.nni Vv.ngc!i" •• interior "ie,,- "
,
S.n Giov.nni t:v.ngc!ist., ",,"onstn>Ction diogro:rn of thc mosaics
of the triumph.1 orch ond.psc "
,+
The S.nto Croce complex. c.' AD 450
"
, 5· "'\lousnleum of G.II. I'lllCidi .... exterior ,;e. .. from the snuthwest "
'0,.. "/lI.usnl.um of G.II. 1'1..,;di.," plan., ground le"ci "
,
"/llausoleum "fG.II. 1'1..,;di.," W",t.no with, iun.'tW of d''''T
•.
drinhng "
,
",\ I.usoieum of G.II. pl..,i,li .... St. l ....· Tence. s"uth lunette mo,l>jc "
,".. "M.usnlelUn of G.II. plocidi.," m""ics of thc c<'1ltt.1 "",It 8,
I'I.n of Ih ""nn. 's • .,hed ... 1c omplex. including the Ursi.n.
C.thed. ..1 (c •. 4"5). the Orthodo. B.ptiswy (4'05-5OS) •• nd the
5,
'/'.".", Sa""",, (second century AD)
".
Orthodo. B.pti«cry. reconstn>Cted pl.n", ground ievel, with
c-urr.mt ,1"oT .nd font, .n,1 plan .. window I,,,'''' '"
n,.. Orthodo. B.pti«ery. view of the exterior from the southeast "
,
,.
Orthodo. B'p,i«ery. reco"stn>Cted cross senion showing the
origilUll .nd subsequent Aoor .nd roof lewis
,+
Orthodo. ll'p,i"cry. ,·i.w of the interior f..,ing southeast
'J
".
B'p,i"ery. ,hrone in £on",.tic .rchitccru. .. 1
Orthodo~ ""ClIC,
mos.ics of the middle •. one "
'0. OrthodoI Baptistery. c~nt ... 1 med.llion of the dome. depicting the
,.
b'ptism of Christ "
".
S.nt'Agotl Moggiore. reronsUUcted pl."
.oj
'.
M'I' of 11. ...., ,,,, •• "'. AD BO .0,
G<:>ld 'riple solidus ofTheoderic (,he S"";g. lh. Med. llioo), gold,
,.
3,3 em di.m. • ,\ Iuseo N.zion.le. Rome .08
Bronze dcanummiurn, ob"erse with bust of R,,,"en,, ••n d the
leg""d "Felix R,,'enn •. " reverse with. monog ..." , of R,,-enn.
,
surrollllded by • wr~3th " 5
,.
, "
Pi.n of the pal..,e. os known from """" ..t ions. "'. 516