Rau's Respiratory Care Pharmacology

473 Pages·2012·24.643 MB·English

by  Douglas S. Gardenhire

CONTENTS
UNIT ONE Basic Concepts and Principles UNIT THREE Critical Care, Cardiovascular,
in Pharmacology, 1 and Polysomnography
Agents, 298
1 Introduction to Respiratory Care Pharmacology, 2
18 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants (Neuromuscular Blocking
2 Principles of Drug Action, 11 Agents), 299
3 Administration of Aerosolized Agents, 31 19 Diuretic Agents, 313
4 Calculating Drug Doses, 65 20 Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System, 325
5 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, 76 21 Vasopressors, Inotropes, and Antiarrhythmic
Agents, 343
UNIT TWO Drugs Used to Treat the
22 Drugs Affecting Circulation: Antihypertensives,
Respiratory System, 95
Antianginals, Antithrombotics, 367
6 Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Bronchodilators, 96
23 Sleep and Sleep Pharmacology, 399
7 Anticholinergic (Parasympatholytic)
Bronchodilators, 119 Appendix A: Units and Systems of Measurement, 417
Appendix B: Acceptable Mixtures of Most Commonly
8 Xanthines, 135
Prescribed Respiratory Care Drugs, 421
9 Mucus-Controlling Drug Therapy, 145
Glossary of Selected Terms, 422
10 Surfactant Agents, 171
11 Corticosteroids in Respiratory Care, 181
12 Nonsteroidal Antiasthma Agents, 200
13 Aerosolized Antiinfective Agents, 217
14 Antimicrobial Agents, 236
15 Cold and Cough Agents, 263
16 Selected Agents of Pulmonary Value, 272
17 Neonatal and Pediatric Aerosolized Drug Therapy, 285
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DOUGLAS S. GARDENHIRE, EdD, RRT-NPS
Director of Clinical Education
Division of Respiratory Therapy
School of Health Professions
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
RAU’S RESPIRATORY CARE PHARMACOLOGY, EIGHTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-07528-2
Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the
Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment
may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein.
In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety
of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the
most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each
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To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products
liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products,
instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gardenhire, Douglas S.
Rau’s respiratory care pharmacology. -- 8th ed. / Douglas S. Gardenhire.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-07528-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Respiratory agents. 2. Respiratory therapy. I. Rau,
Joseph L. Respiratory care pharmacology. II. Title. III. Title: Respiratory care pharmacology.
[DNLM: 1. Respiratory Therapy. 2. Bronchodilator Agents--pharmacology. WB 342]
RM388.R383 2012
615.8’36--dc23
2011017256
Managing Editor: Billie Sharp
Senior Developmental Editor: Kathleen Sartori
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
Senior Project Manager: Laura Loveall
Project Manager: Janaki Srinivasan
Designer: Kim Denando
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To all persons that support the pursuit of education, education is life.
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CONTRIBUTORS
Prasad Abraham, PharmD, BCPS Leah Crow, PharmD, BCPS Marian A. James, PharmD
Critical Care Clinical Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacist Specialist—Internal Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Resident
Specialist Medicine Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center
Department of Pharmacy and Drug Department of Pharmacy Brooklyn, New York
Information Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center Chapter 22: Drugs Affecting Circulation:
Grady Health System Brooklyn, New York Antihypertensives, Antianginals, Anti-
Atlanta, Georgia Chapter 22: Drugs Affecting Circulation: thrombotics
Chapter 18: Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Antihypertensives, Antianginals, Anti-
(Neuromuscular Blocking Agents) thrombotics Saira C. Khalique, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist—Critical
Antonia Alafris, BS, PharmD, CGP Michael J. Decker, PhD, RN, RRT, Care Medicine
Associate Director of Pharmacotherapy D ABSM Department of Pharmacy
Services Associate Professor Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center
Pharmacy Residency Programs Byrdine F. Lewis Chair Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy
Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing Practice
Brooklyn, New York Georgia State University Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of
Chapter 22: Drugs Affecting Circulation: Atlanta, Georgia Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Antihypertensives, Antianginals, Anti- Chapter 23: Sleep and Sleep Pharmacology Long Island University
thrombotics Brooklyn, New York
Lorena M. Fernandez-Restrepo, MD Chapter 21: Vasopressors, Inotropes, and
Arzu Ari, PhD, RRT, PT, CPFT Pediatric Resident (PGY-3) Antiarrhythmic Agents
Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics
Division of Respiratory Therapy The University of Texas Health Science Amanda Lin, PharmD
School of Health Professions Center at San Antonio Clinical Pharmacist Specialist—Geriatric
Georgia State University San Antonio, Texas Pharmacotherapy
Atlanta, Georgia Chapter 19: Diuretic Agents Department of Pharmacy Services
Chapter 3: Administration of Aerosol- Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center
ized Agents James B. Fink, PhD, RRT, FAARC, Brooklyn, New York
FCCP Chapter 22: Drugs Affecting Circulation:
Henry Cohen, PharmD, MS, FCCM, Associate Professor Antihypertensives, Antianginals, Anti-
BCPP, CGP Division of Respiratory Therapy thrombotics
Professor of Pharmacy Practice School of Health Professions
Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Georgia State University Michael Liu, PharmD
Pharmacy and Health Sciences Atlanta, Georgia Critical Care Pharmacotherapy Resident
Long Island University Chapter 9: Mucus-Controlling Drug (PGY-2)
Chief Pharmacotherapy Officer Therapy Department of Pharmacy
Director of Pharmacy Residency Pro- Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center
grams (PGY-1 and PGY-2) Markus O. Henke, MD Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy
Department of Pharmacy Services Department of Pulmonary Medicine Practice
Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center Internal Medicine Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of
Brooklyn, New York Philipps University Marburg Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Editor-in-Chief Marburg, Germany Long Island University
Journal of Pharmacy Practice Chapter 9: Mucus-Controlling Drug Brooklyn, New York
Sage Publishing Therapy Chapter 21: Vasopressors, Inotropes, and
Thousand Oaks, California Antiarrhythmic Agents
Chapter 21: Vasopressors, Inotropes, and Sandra Hinski, MS, RRT-NPS
Antiarrhythmic Agents Faculty, Respiratory Care Division
Chapter 22: Drugs Affecting Circulation: Gateway Community College
Antihypertensives, Antianginals, Anti- Phoenix, Arizona
thrombotics
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Bishoy Luka, PharmD, BCNSP Susan L. Pendland, MS, PharmD Bruce K. Rubin, MEngr, MD, MBA,
Clinical Assistant Director of Pharmacy Clinical Staff Pharmacist FRCPC
Department of Pharmacy Services St. Joseph Berea Hospital Jessie Ball duPont Professor and Chair
Queens Hospital Center Adjunct Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics
Jamaica, New York University of Illinois at Chicago College Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Chapter 21: Vasopressors, Inotropes, and of Pharmacy Virginia Commonwealth University
Antiarrhythmic Agents Chicago, Illinois School of Medicine
Community-Based Faculty Member Richmond, Virginia
Catherine A. Millares, PharmD, University of Kentucky College of Chapter 9: Mucus-Controlling Drug Therapy
CGP, BCPS Pharmacy
Coordinator of Geriatric Pharmaco- Lexington, Kentucky Christopher A. Schriever, PharmD, MS
therapy Chapter 14: Antimicrobial Agents Clinical Assistant Professor
Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center University of Illinois—Chicago
Clinical Associate Professor of Phar- Ruben D. Restrepo, MD, RRT, College of Pharmacy, Rockford Campus
macy Practice FAARC Rockford, Illinois
Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Distinguished Teaching Professor Chapter 14: Antimicrobial Agents
Pharmacy University of Texas Health Science Cen-
Brooklyn, New York ter at San Antonio Christopher M. Sinton, PhD
Chapter 22: Drugs Affecting Circulation: San Antonio, Texas Department of Internal Medicine
Antihypertensives, Antianginals, Anti- Chapter 17: Neonatal and Pediatric University of Texas Southwestern Med-
thrombotics Aerosolized Drug Therapy ical Center at Dallas
Chapter 19: Diuretic Agents Dallas, Texas
S. R. Pandi-Perumal, MSc Chapter 23: Sleep and Sleep Pharmacology
President and CEO
Somnogen, Inc.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Chapter 23: Sleep and Sleep Pharmacology