Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and their Minerals: Main types of rocks. Rock-forming minerals PDF
Preview Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and their Minerals: Main types of rocks. Rock-forming minerals
Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and their Minerals Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and their Minerals Main types of rocks. Rock-forming minerals F.P. Lesnov Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Novosibirsk, Russia Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Scientific editors: Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences G.V. Polyakov & Professor G.N. Anoshin Originally published in Russian under the title: “Redkozemel(cid:1)nye (cid:2)lementy v ul(cid:1)tramafitovyh i mafitovyh porodah i ih mineralah.’’ © 2007Academic Publishing House‘‘Geo’’,Novosibrisk All rights reserved CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of theTaylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2010Taylor & Francis Group,London,UK Typeset by MPS Limited (A Macmillan Company),Chennai,India Printed and bound in Great Britain byAntony Rowe (a CPI Group Company), Chippenham,Wiltshire All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical, by photocopying,recording or otherwise,without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein,no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lesnov,F. P. (Feliks Petrovich) [Redkozemel’nye elementy v ul’tramafitovykh i mafitovykh porodakh i ikh mineralakh. English] Rare earth elements in ultramafic and mafic rocks and their minerals :main types of rocks :rock-forming minerals / F.P. Lesnov. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-415-57890-5 (hard cover :alk. paper) 1. Rocks,Ultrabasic. 2. Rare earth metals. I.Title. QE462.U4L4713 2010 552’.1–dc22 2010027607 Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema P.O.Box447,2300AKLeiden,TheNetherlands e-mail:[email protected] www.crcpress.com–www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk–www.balkema.nl ISBN:978-0-415-57890-5 (Hbk) ISBN:978-0-203-83031-4 (eBook) Dedicated to my wife,Emma,of blessed memory Contents IntroductiontotheEnglishEdition xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xiv Fromtheeditors xv Introduction xviii 1 Rareearthelementsinultramaficrocksfrommafic–ultramafic massifsoffoldedregions 1 1.1 Dunites 2 1.2 Harzburgites 12 1.3 Lherzolites 31 1.4 Wehrlites 50 1.5 Clinopyroxenites 56 1.6 Websterites 60 1.7 Summary 66 2 Rareearthelementsinultramafitesfromdeepxenoliths inalkalibasalts 69 3 Rareearthelementsinhypabyssalandsubvolcanicrockswithhigh inmagnesiumcomposition 103 3.1 Kimberlites 103 3.1.1 Abriefhistoryofresearchonthegeochemistry ofREEinkimberlites 104 3.1.2 ComparativecharacteristicsoftheREE compositionofkimberlitesfrommajorprovinces 107 3.1.3 CorrelationofREEandothercomponentsinkimberlites 145 3.1.4 GeneralregularitiesofREEdistributioninkimberlites 152 3.2 Komatiites 156 3.3 Meimechites 177 3.4 Picrites 179 3.5 Lamproites 190 3.6 Summary 204 viii Contents 4 Rareearthelementsinplutonicmaficrocks 207 4.1 Gabbros 208 4.2 Gabbro-norites 226 4.3 Norites 227 4.4 Olivinegabbros 234 4.5 Troctolites 246 4.6 Anorthosites 251 4.7 Eclogites 254 4.8 Summary 267 5 Rareearthelementsinrock-formingmineralsfrom ultramaficandmaficrocks 269 5.1 Olivines 269 5.1.1 REEcompositionofolivines 270 5.1.2 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetweenolivines andcoexistingphases 288 5.2 Orthopyroxenes 291 5.2.1 REEcompositionoforthopyroxenes 292 5.2.2 OntherelationshipbetweentheREEcompositionand contentoffluidcomponentsinorthopyroxenes 313 5.2.3 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetween orthopyroxenesandcoexistingphases 316 5.2.4 IsomorphismofREEinorthopyroxenes 320 5.3 Clinopyroxenes 321 5.3.1 REEcompositionofclinopyroxenes 322 5.3.2 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetweenclinopyroxenes andcoexistingphases 400 5.3.3 IsomorphismofREEinclinopyroxenes 419 5.4 Plagioclases 427 5.4.1 REEcompositionofplagioclases 428 5.4.2 Experienceofsystematizationofplagioclasesonthe basisofsomeparametersofREEdistribution 449 5.4.3 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetweenplagioclases andcoexistingphases 465 5.4.4 IsomorphismofREEinplagioclases 476 5.4.5 Examplesofnumericalexperimentsonmodelingof theREEcompositionofparentalmeltsbasedon dataonplagioclases 478 5.5 Amphiboles 484 5.5.1 REEcompositionofamphiboles 484 5.5.2 Experienceofsystematizationofamphibolesonthe basisofsomeparametersofREEdistribution 492 5.5.3 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetweenamphiboles andcoexistingphases 498 5.5.4 IsomorphismofREEinamphiboles 508 Contents ix 6 Indicatorpropertiesofrareearthelementsandtheirrolein studiesofgenesisofrocksandmineralsfrommafic–ultramafic complexes 513 6.1 REEasindicatorsofformationandtransformationconditions ofultramaficrocks 513 6.2 REEasindicatorsofformationandtransformationconditions ofmaficrocks 522 6.3 IndicatorpropertiesofREEinstudyoftheformationand transformationofrock-formingmineralsofultramafic andmaficrocks 527 Afterword 533 References 537 Subjectindex 561 Authorindex 573
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