Rapport

118 Pages·2014·52.87 MB·English

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Preface
‘Solosieme’ is a proposal for a new typology,
which within the overall theme of tectonic
architecture, introduces a social housing
complex in the development plan of Fred-
ericiaC. Exploring the notion of tectonics,
this project is encompassing both structure,
a study of the dwelling through the theory of
Christian Nordberg-Schulz, as well as incor-
porating the human scale through a high
degree of detailing.
The project is developed by Lone Brøndum
Jørgensen and Maja Daugaard Klausen as a
master thesis on the 10th semester Architec-
ture M. Sc., at the Department of Architec-
ture and Design and Media Technology at
Aalborg University.
The report is the result of the project develop-
ment including program, ideation containing
detailing, presentation, recapitulation and an
appendix.
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Abstract
English
Informed by the contemporary discussion on The diversified usage of private house and
how elderly are being treated in the society, as social institution is met through the means
well as the fact that the demography is chang- of dividing these modes, however intensively
ing rapidly, resulting in an increasing group working with the transitions and relations,
of people over 60 years, this master thesis is to encourage the movement between. This
concerned with this group of people. Thus, key focus is implemented and solved by the
we are proposing a new typology, which can means of a folding wall, forming both the
accommodate a social way of living together, houses, the institution and the transition to
however, not compromising the fundamen- the urban space.
tals of privacy and contemplation.
Striving to obtain an outcome which fuses
The social housing complex of approximately both architecture and engineering, the
3000m2 is a part of the development plan of approach to the project is based on a tectonic
FredericiaC between the Little Belt and the understanding, thus is the wall both structur-
existing city center of Fredericia, a progress al and furnishing, why it contains both meas-
extending over the next 20 years. Frederici- urable and the unmeasurable. The wall has
aC presents a strong vision of an active and the potential of defining social centers within
diversified neighborhood, which complies the institution, containing functions as the
with a central focus of the thesis, to study, kitchen, as well as addressing the human
understand and thus incorporate the notion scale, in terms of its level of detailing and the
of dwelling, which explores the urban scale as possibility to occupy it as furniture.
well as the house and institution.
Synopsis
Dansk
Præget af den aktuelle diskussion om, Den diversificerede brug af det private hus og
hvordan ældre bliver behandlet i samfundet, den sociale institution er opfyldt i form af at
samt det faktum, at demografien ændrer sig adskille disse tilstande, men gennem intensivt
hurtigt, hvilket resulterer i en stigende gruppe arbejde med overgange og relationer, fremmes
af mennesker over 60 år, har gjort at dette overgangene mellem dem. Dette hovedfokus
speciale beskæftiger sig med netop denne er implementeret og løst ved hjælp af en
målgruppe. Derfor foreslås en ny typologi foldende væg, der former både huset, institu-
i dette afgangs projekt, som kan rumme en tionen og overgangen til byrummet.
social måde at leve sammen på, der dog ikke
går på kompromis med de grundlæggende I bestræbelse på at få et ingeniør arkitektonisk
behov for fordybelse og privatlivets fred. resultat, er tilgangen til projektet baseret på
en tektonisk forståelse og dermed er væggen
Det sociale boligkompleks på ca. 3000m2 er både strukturel og møblering, hvorfor
en del af en udviklingsplan for FredericiaC, den indeholder både det målbare og det
der ligger mellem Lillebælt og den eksisteren- umålelige.
de bymidte Fredericia, en proces der strækker
sig over de næste 20 år. FredericiaC præsen- Væggen har dermed potentiale til at definere
terer en stærk vision for et aktivt og varieret de sociale centre i institutionen, indeholde
kvarter, hvilket er i overensstemmelse med et funktioner såsom køkken, samt henvende
centralt fokus for projektet, at studere, forstå sig til den menneskelige skala, i form af dens
og dermed indarbejde begrebet hjemlighed, niveau af detaljering og muligheden for at
der udforsker den urbane skala, samt huset indtage den som et møbel.
og institutionen.
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PROJECT TITLE
Solinsieme [alone - together]
THEME
Tectonic Architecture
4st SEMESTER M.Sc. PROJECT
Aalborg University
Department of Architecture, Design & Media Technology
Specialisation in Architecture
PROJECT PERIOD
01.02.14 - 23.06.14
SUPERVISORS
Architectural Design
Marie Frier Hvejsel, MSc in Architecture, PhD, Assistant Professor
Department of Architecture, Design & Media Technology
Aalborg University
Denmark
Technical
Dario Parigi, MAA, PhD, Assistant Professor
School of Engineering & Science
Aalborg University
Denmark
NUMBER OF COPIES
6
NUMBER OF PAGES
118
ENCLOSED CONTENT
CD containing:
Digital project report
Interview with FredericiaC and Senior Bo
Robot Structural Analysis files.
AUTHORS
Project group ma4-ark26
Lone Brøndum Jørgensen
Maja Elise Daugård Klausen
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Content
1.1 Motivation 6
1.2 Introduction 9
1.3 Tectonic approach 10
1.4 Dwelling 12
2.0 Cases 14
2.1 Case approach 16
2.2 Villa Savoye 19
2.3 Tietgen Dormitory 23
2.4 Sydney Opera House 27
3.0 Senior life 30
3.1 The life of a senior today 32
3.2 Senior housing 34
3.3 The future senior citizens 36
3.4 Seniors: present - future 37
4.0 The context 38
4.1 Context 40
4.2 Climate 42
4.3 FredericiaC 43
4.4 The plot 45
5.0 Ideation 46
5.1 Potential of the new typology 48
5.1.1 The new typology 48
5.1.2 The chosen typology 52
5.1.3 Functions 53
5.2 Potential of the folding wall 57
5.2.1 The folding wall 57
5.2.2 Relations 58
5.2.3 Measurable and immeasurable 60
5.3 Potential of detailing 62
5.3.1 Detailing 62
5.3.2 The structural wall 64
5.3.3 The cladding wall 66
5.3.4 Daylight 68
5.3.5 The façade 70
6.0 Presentation 74
6.1 Urban space 79
6.2 façade 80
6.3 Sections 84
6.4 Ground floor plan 89
6.5 1st floor plan 91
6.6 2nd floor plan 93
6.7 Basement 94
6.8 House 96
7.0 Recapitulation 100
7.1 Reflective conclusion 102
7.2 Literature 104
7.3 Illustrations 105
8.0 Appendix 106
8.1 Dimensioning of beam 108
8.2 Loads 112
8.3 Dimensioning of column 115
8.4 Dimensioning of beam in basement 117
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1.1 Motivation
Completing our engineering architect edu- tecture’; ”Architecture has the potential to estab- Thus to us, the above obligate, but much
cation at Architecture and Design at AAU, lish and influence relationships, elicit emotional more provides opportunity for us as architects
and in that relation writing our master thesis, responses, even to affect how we behave and who to immerse into aspects of life. This could be
it has been essential to us, to reflect on our we think we are.” (Simon Unwin, 2003, p. 3) family-life, the habits of foreign societies or
comprehension of architecture. Amongst a certain age group, as well as understanding
this, how architecture has the potential to Further, during our education, we have been a given context, its capabilities, limitations,
influence human beings and what is required introduced to two main fields of study, sus- and its genius loci.
of an engineering architect. This ongoing tainability and tectonics, which have laid
search has led us to appreciate the architectur- basis for our various projects. But since we Further, the discipline of responding to the
al practice as a multidisciplinary field, which construe sustainability as being a converging possibilities of the future, and the potentials
requires the ability to grasp and balance many aspect of tectonics and both being invariable of societal development, demands courage,
inherent, but also contradictory aspects. This while addressing architecture, we chose to why it is important to be visionary.
multidisciplinary nature of architecture was adopt a tectonic approach. Additional, by
originally expressed by the Roman engineer- delving into the work of architect and Pro- This is why a tectonic approach and an inves-
ing architect Vitruvius, in ‘The Ten Books on fessor Kenneth Frampton, who in his book tigation on the notion of dwelling, informed
Architecture’ as such: “The architect should be ‘Studies in Tectonic Culture’ states that the by a future societal influence, form the basis
equipped with knowledge of many branches of etymology of the word “tekton”, being the of this thesis, which aims to propose a new
study and varied kinds of learning, for it is by builder or carpenter, eventually led to the typology, by introducing a social housing
his judgment that all work done by the other significance of an engineering architect or the complex, with both social and private atmos-
arts is put to test” (Vitruvius, 1914, p. 5). “architekton”, makes us understand the initial pheres.
definition of tectonics. Similar, through
In a more contemporary understanding, Frampton’s interpretation of the tectonic Why tectonics?
architecture plays an immense influence on position of several architects and thereby As described above, to us, tectonics is an
everyday life, why the significance of the also the different outcome of their works, approach to architecture, which is fully
accumulated knowledge of architects and the this further confirms us, that tectonics is an achieved by getting both the measurable and
possible effect of architecture, is described by approach which can be applied in all archi- immeasurable incorporated in a complete
architect Simon Unwin in ‘Analysing Archi- tecture (Frampton, 1995). work. In our understanding the measurable
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includes the structure and construction, urban space, the institution and the house create dwellings, which are adapted to the
whilst the immeasurable represents the soft (Nordberg-Schulz, 1985). This also complies new way of living for elderly, so that it meets
values of architecture. Among other, this with our knowledge on the societal develop- the needs and expectations of living and
could be the framing of a good view, the good ment of the future, where people are moving dwelling in the later stages of our lives (Detail
seating spot and the flow of the building or into the cities and thereby living closer Konzept, 2012).
the atmosphere. Aspects that all relate to the together (Kjeld Kjeldsen, 2009). In this way
human body. dwelling becomes both the participation in Knowing that many elderly are living alone,
the institution and urban space, but also the this leads us to the second level of dwelling;
We find this tectonic approach important to intimacy of the private house. This interests the institution, where people of common
incorporate in a building process, because it us, the sensitive scale of the private house, values come to an agreement to live together
is essential to us, as engineering architects, to because it relates directly to the body and (Nordberg-Schulz, 1985). As the institution
obtain a comprehensive outcome. reflects the personal identity and the life, in is also an influencing part of the urban space,
which we participate. together with the elderly being more active,
Why dwelling? this further confirms us that elderly would
“When dwelling is accomplished, our wish Why elderly? benefit from living in the city, as part of a
for belonging and participation is fulfilled” The demographics of most of the industri- participating and active lifestyle.
(Nordberg-Schulz, 1985, p. 7). From this alized countries are in a progress of change,
we understand that the primary purpose of where the extent of elderly people over 60 Hence we ask; how does one, through a tec-
architecture should be the ability to dwell, years is increasing. People are getting older tonic approach, define and create a new typol-
thus meant that this should be achieved in than earlier, more active and less reliant on ogy. A typology, which encompasses both
all architecture. Therefore our master thesis help in their third age, which influence the social and private atmospheres for elderly to
is based on studies on the notion of dwelling, way they are living and dwelling. Further- dwell in and how is a relation between the
to elaborate our architectural knowledge on more many elderly are living alone, especial- different levels of dwelling achieved?
this matter. ly the women, who are having a longer life
expectancy (Detail Konzept, 2012).
The concept of dwelling, in this thesis, is
concerned with three levels of dwelling; the This raises the issue of how we as architects
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Relation inside - out
Relation outside - in
Ill. 1.1
Relation inside - out and outside - in
The relation between the house, the institution and the urban space
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1.2 Introduction
By addressing the tendency of the current Hence, the institution we propose should spaces, attractive housing, jobs, shopping
architectural practice and how it often pri- aim to gather and enhance social encounters. and a rich cultural life. Hence, stressing why
oritize the balance between the measurable To achieve this social gathering point, the this development plan is appropriate for this
and the immeasurable, one could question, place should convey the sense of belonging project. The competition of the development
whether this assessment provides a tectonic albeit make room for diversity. It should also plan was won by KCAP Architects and Plan-
approach to architecture. be the link between the urban space and the ners. The current development plan is refined
house and emphasize the sense of connection. by FredericiaC, who have been taken point of
Commonly, attention is paid to the measura- departure in the proposal from KCAP Archi-
ble means, as a result of e.g. regulations, time Further the aspects of intimacy, construction tects and Planners, but also draws in elements
pressure and insufficient economy. But by and context are introduced through a tecton- from the top three contestants.
approaching architecture in this way, we fail ic approach. Hence interplay between the
to retain the narrative of the sensuous scale, technical and poetic dimensions, between the The plan ties FredericiaC together with the
hence the soft values of architectural practice urban space, the institution and the house is present city center, and by using green and
is neglected, thus making it impossible to to be achieved. blue infrastructure, the quay is extended
obtain the notion of dwelling. through the implementation of channels,
Project brief thus connecting to the waterfront. The plan
Hence, in the achievement of a fulfilling The project is based on ‘1.1 Motivation’, thus gives possibilities for activities that can cata-
life, the built environment should, through proposing a home for the third age within the lyze the future life in FredericiaC, stressing
employment of the immeasurable means, urban development project; FredericiaC. The the vision of the development; “Courage to
accommodate a high degree ofdetailing to be 20ha development project, which is located desire” (FredericiaC, 2010).
able to address the human scale. between the historical center of Fredericia
and the waterfront facing the Little Belt, is an Within the proposed plan of FredericiaC, the
Accordingly, homes for the third age of life, ongoing process expanding during the next building plot of this project has been chosen
ought to be much more than a place, where 20-25 years. on the background of the size and the dif-
maintenance and mobility in- and outside ferent types of atmospheres which are found
the house, are the generating factors. It The urban plan is based on a competition adjacent to the site. The diversity, of the
should be a place, which is carefully detailed, written in 2011 by a consortium of the surrounding building sites and urban areas,
so one is able to dwell and is encouraged to Municipality of Fredericia and Realdania By. supports the studies on relations between the
keep living an active and participating life; a The intentions are to develop a unique, excit- institution and the urban space.
place for both encounters and refuge. ing and vibrant new district with recreational
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1.3 Tectonic approach
Driven by a critical and curious approach The sub points of the tectonic approach are to be made (Unwin, 2010). His method of
of designing a home for the third age, it is elaborated in the following, which should analyzing involves several analytical points,
important to develop a methodology to the help us, through various media to come up from which we select the appropriate for our
study. Working with a tectonic approach an with a tectonic design proposal. case studies. The cases are selected in rela-
equilibrium of the immeasurable and meas- tion to Norberg-Schulz’ levels of dwelling;
urable aspects, to be able to encompass the Dwelling house, institution and urban space, which are
competencies of engineering architect, is to To develop our architectural knowledge on described in ‘1.4 Dwelling’.
be obtained. This balance involves defining the notion of dwelling, the concept of dwell-
sub points, which together achieves a tectonic ing is studied through the theories of archi- Senior life
outcome. tect and Professor Christian Norberg-Schulz. Knowledge, of the future users of our home,
His theory is based on an interrelationship is achieved through readings on the elderly
This multifaceted field of an engineering between levels, modes and aspects, which he of the future. Information has primarily
architect and the importance of being able states must be fulfilled, to be able to dwell. been found in statistics and in ‘Ældre Sagens
to manage this, is also described by architect fremtidsstudie’ as well as other relevant releases
Louis Kahn; ”Architecture stands between our- Analysing architecture from the same publisher.
selves and the world. If we define ourselves and To identify relevant architectural means,
the world as measurable, our architecture will according to our project, case studies of Additionally the study of Knudstrup and
be measurable and without Spirit, but if we existing architectural works are carried out. Møller, on design program and well-being in
allow ourselves to be open to the meeting of the The method used, is that of Simon Unwin, assisted living facilities, is used for knowledge
measurable and the immeasurable, our archi- explained in his book ‘Analysing Architecture’, on the current state of designing for seniors in
tecture can become a celebration of that meeting in which he propose that understanding Denmark. From this combined knowledge,
and the abode of the Spirit” -John Lobell’s what other architects have done, helps us to we create personas with different scenarios to
writing on the architecture of Louis Kahn understand our own work, hence making us further understand the future tenant. Further
(Lobell, 2000 p.3). aware of different decisions and priorities to clarify the functions of such institution
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