Rama Beyond Price (Clay Sanskrit Library)

639 Pages·2007·4.62 MB·English

by  Murari

THECLAYSANSKRITLIBRARY
FOUNDEDBYJOHN&JENNIFERCLAY
GENERALEDITOR
RICHARDGOMBRICH
EDITEDBY
ISABELLEONIANS
SOMADEVAVASUDEVA
WWW.CLAYSANSKRITLIBRARY.COM
WWW.NYUPRESS.ORG
Copyright(cid:2)c 2006bytheCSL.
Allrightsreserved.
FirstEdition2006.
TheClaySanskritLibraryisco-publishedby
NewYorkUniversityPress
andtheJJCFoundation.
Furtherinformationaboutthisvolume
andtherestoftheClaySanskritLibrary
isavailableonthefollowingWebsites:
www.claysanskritlibrary.com
www.nyupress.org.
ISBN-13:978-0-8147-8295-8(cloth:alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-8147-8295-7(cloth:alk.paper)
ArtworkbyRobertBeer.
TypesetinAdobeGaramondat10.25:12.3+pt.
XML-developmentbyStuartBrown.
EditorialinputbyDa´nielBalogh,TomoyukiKono,
EszterSomogyi&P´eterSza´nto´.
PrintedinGreatBritainbyStEdmundsburyPressLtd,
BuryStEdmunds,Suffolk,onacid-freepaper.
BoundbyHunter&FoulisLtd,Edinburgh,Scotland.
Ra¯ma Beyond Price
by Mura¯ri
EDITEDANDTRANSLATEDBY
JUDITTO¨RZSO¨K
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
JJC FOUNDATION
2006
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Mura¯ri
[Anarghara¯ghava.English&Sanskrit]
RamaBeyondPrice/byMura¯ri;
editedandtranslatedbyJuditTo¨rzso¨k.–1sted.
p.cm.–(TheClaySanskritlibrary)
Play.
InEnglishandSanskrit(romanized)onfacingpages;
IncludestranslationfromSanskrit.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978-0-8147-8295-8(cloth:alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-8147-8295-7(cloth:alk.paper)
I.To¨rzso¨k,Judit.II.Title.
PK3798.M82A8132006
892.2’2–dc22
2006022414
Contents
Sanskritalphabeticalorder 7
CSLconventions 7
RAMABEYONDPRICE
Introduction 13
Benediction 43
Prologue 47
ActI:TheDiscussionoftheSages 61
PreludetoActII 103
ActII:ChildhoodExploits 125
PreludetoActIII 173
ActIII:TheBreakingofShiva’sBow 187
PreludetoActIV 231
ActIV:Dasha·rathaisTricked 257
PreludetoActV 307
ActV:Sugr´ıva’sConsecration 325
PreludetoActVI 369
ActVI:Ra´vana’sDefeat 397
PreludetoActVII:Indicationof Events 449
ActVII:TheHappinessoftheHero 453
ParaphraseofPrakrit(cha¯ya¯) 555
Notes 565
Index 615
Asandhigridisprintedontheinsideofthebackcover

cslconventions
sanskritalphabeticalorder
Vowels: aa¯i¯ıuu¯.r.¯r.l.¯leaioaum. h.
Gutturals: kkhgghn˙
Palatals: cchjjhn˜
Retroflex: .t.thd. d.hn.
Dentals: tthddhn.
Labials: pphbbhm
Semivowels: yrlv
Spirants: ´s.ssh
guidetosanskritpronunciation
a but vowelsothattaih. ispro-
a¯,aˆ father nouncedtaihi
i sit k luck
¯ı,ˆı fee kh blockhead
g go
u put
gh bighead
u¯,uˆ boo
n˙ anger
.r vocalicr,Americanpurdy c chill
orEnglishpretty
ch matchhead
.¯r lengthened.r j jog
.l vocalicl,able jh aspiratedj,hedgehog
e,ˆe,¯e made,esp.inWelshpro- n˜ canyon
nunciation .t retroflex t, try (with the
ai bite tip of tongue turned up
o,oˆ,o¯rope,esp.Welshpronun- totouchthehardpalate)
ciation;Italiansolo .th sameastheprecedingbut
aspirated
au sound
m. anusva¯ranasalizesthepre- d. retroflex d (with the tip
of tongue turned up to
cedingvowel
touchthehardpalate)
h. visarga,avoicelessaspira- d.h sameastheprecedingbut
tion(resemblingEnglish aspirated
h),orlikeScottishloch,or n. retroflex n (with the tip
anaspirationwithafaint of tongue turned up to
echoingofthepreceding touchthehardpalate)
7
ramabeyondprice
t Frenchtout y yes
th tenthook r trilled,resemblingtheIta-
d dinner lianpronunciationofr
l linger
dh guildhall
v word
n now
´s shore
p pill .s retroflexsh(withthetip
ph upheaval
ofthetongueturnedup
b before totouchthehardpalate)
bh abhorrent s hiss
m mind h hood
cslpunctuationofenglish
TheacuteaccentonSanskritwordswhentheyoccuroutsideofthe
Sanskrittextitself,marksstress,e.g.Rama´yana.Itisnotpartoftra-
ditionalSanskritorthography,transliterationortranscription,butwe
supplyitheretoguidereadersinthepronunciationoftheseunfamiliar
words.SincenoSanskritwordisaccentedonthelastsyllableitisnot
necessarytoaccentdisyllables,e.g.Rama.
ThesecondCSLinnovationdesignedtoassistthereaderinthepro-
nunciationoflengthyunfamiliarwordsistoinsertanunobtrusivemid-
dledotbetweensemanticwordbreaksincompoundnames(provided
thewordbreakdoesnotfallonavowelresultingfromthefusionof
twovowels),e.g.Maha·bha´rata,butRama´yana(notRama·a´yana).Our
dot echoes the punctuating middle dot (·) found in the oldest sur-
viving forms of written Indic, the Ashokan inscriptions of the third
centurybce.
ThedeeplayeringofSanskritnarrativehasalsodictatedthatweuse
quotationmarksonlytoannouncethebeginningandendofeverydirect
speech,andnotatthebeginningofeveryparagraph.
cslpunctuationofsanskrit
TheSanskrittextisalsopunctuated,inaccordancewiththepunc-
tuationoftheEnglishtranslation.Inmid-verse,thepunctuationwill
notalterthesandhiorthescansion.Propernamesarecapitalized.Most
Sanskrit metres have four “feet” (pa¯da): where possible we print the
8
cslconventions
common´slokametreontwolines.IntheSanskrittext,weuseFrench
Guillemets(e.g.«kvasam.cic¯ır.suh.?»)insteadofEnglishquotationmarks
(e.g.“Whereareyouoffto?”)toavoidconfusionwiththeapostrophes
usedforvowelelisioninsandhi.
Sanskritpresentsthelearnerwithachallenge:sandhi(“euphoniccom-
bination”).Sandhimeansthatwhentwowordsarejoinedinconnected
speechorwriting(whichinSanskritreflectsspeech),thelastletter(or
evenletters)ofthefirstwordoftenchanges;comparethewaywepro-
nounce“the”in“thebeginning”and“theend.”
InSanskritthefirstletterofthesecondwordmayalsochange;andif
boththelastletterofthefirstwordandthefirstletterofthesecondare
vowels,theymayfuse.ThishasaparallelinEnglish:anasalconsonantis
insertedbetweentwovowelsthatwouldotherwisecoalesce:“apear”and
“anapple.”Sanskritvowelfusionmayproduceambiguity.Thechartat
thebackofeachbookgivesthefullsandhisystem.
Fortunatelyitisnotnecessarytoknowthesechangesinordertostart
readingSanskrit.Forthat,whatisimportantistoknowtheformofthe
secondwordwithoutsandhi(pre-sandhi),sothatitcanberecognized
orlookedupinadictionary.ThereforeweareprintingSanskritwitha
systemofpunctuationthatwillindicate,unambiguously,theoriginal
formofthesecondword,i.e.,theformwithoutsandhi.Suchsandhi
mostlyconcernsthefusionoftwovowels.
InSanskrit,vowelsmaybeshortorlongandarewrittendifferently
accordingly. We follow the general convention that a vowel with no
markaboveitisshort.Otherbooksmarkalongvoweleitherwitha
barcalledamacron(a¯)orwithacircumflex(aˆ).Oursystemusesthe
macron, except that for initial vowels in sandhi we use a circumflex
toindicatethatoriginallythevowelwasshort,ortheshorteroftwo
possibilities(eratherthanai,oratherthanau).
Whenweprintinitialaˆ,beforesandhithatvowelwasa
ˆıorˆe, i
uˆoroˆ, u
aˆi, e
aˆu, o
a¯, a¯(i.e.,thesame)
¯ı, ¯ı(i.e.,thesame)
9