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Ram Accelerators: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Ram Accelerators Held in Sendai, Japan, 16–18 July 1997 PDF

337 Pages·1998·15.86 MB·English
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Ram Accelerators Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Budapest Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo K. Takayama· A. Sasoh (Eds.) Ram Accelerators Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Ram Accelerators Held in Sendai, Japan, 16-18 July 1997 With 305 Figures and 24 Tables Springer Professor K. Takayama Associate Professor A. Sasoh Shock Wave Research Center Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira,Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577, Japan Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. International Workshop on Ram Accelerators (3rd: 1997: Sendai-han, Japan) Ram accelerators: proceedings of the third International Workshop on Ram Accelerators, held in Sendai, Japan, 16-18 July 1997 1 K. Takaya ma,A. Sasoh (eds.) p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ).ISBN·13: 978·3.£4246878·0 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. Hypervelocity guns--Congresses. 2. shock tubes--Congresses. 3. Projectiles--Congresses. I. Takayama, K. (Kazuyashi), 1940- . II. Sasoh, A. III. Title. TL567.S4153 1997 629.132'306--dc2l 98-26286 CIP ISBN-13: 978-3-642-46878-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-46876-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-46876-6 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is con cerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, re production on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are li able for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protec tive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera-ready by editors Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg SPIN 10683444 55/3144 - 5 43 21 0 - Printed on acid-free paper Foreword The Ram Accelerator is one of the most challenging projects that I have ever undertaken. I was fortunate in having a group of very imaginative colleagues working with me at the time. Together we developed a working system that we call the "Ram Accelerator." This system and its variations have been discussed at International Workshops on Ram Accelerators (In Saint Louis 1993, Seattle 1995 and Sendai 1997). The Ram Accelerator remains a subtle and demanding project involving' the combined action of combustion, wave systems, and turbulence. While I am very pleased with what scientists and engineers have done out over the years since the concept was introduced, there still remains much to do. The quality of the work in this book shows that we are now acquiring much of the basic information and, indeed, some of the practical engineering knowledge that is necessary for us to move forward in this area. I hope that I shall be able to attend the next meetings and enjoy the opportunity to meet with colleagues. The basic concept of the Ram Accelerator offers a new approach to mass launches, and still remains one of our most interesting tools for the genera tion of basic fluid dynamics data in supersonic reacting systems. Of all of the ground-based mass launchers that may ultimately be able to reach orbital velocity, the Ram Accelerator remains the only scalable system and hence might be useful to impulsively lift masses into space in a cost-effective man ner. It is a worthwhile, intellectual challenge and a fascinating experimental tool. Seattle, Washington September 1997 Abraham Hertzberg Preface The Third International Workshop on Ram Accelerators was held at the Shock Wave Research Center, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan from July 16 to 18, 1997. Scientists and engineers from twelve nations, USA, France, Germany, Korea, Canada, Israel, Australia, Russia, Iran, China, Brazil, and Japan, participated in the workshop or submitted pa pers. The first success in the operation of this noble device at the University of Washington motivated other researchers to join the venture of developing the device. A micro-workshop, which initiated the international collaboration in ram accelerator activities, was held during the Eighteenth International Sym posium on Shock Waves, Sendai, July 1991. The First International Workshop on Ram Accelerators was organized by the French-German Research Insti tute of Saint-Louis (ISL), France, in 1993; the second one by the University of Washington, WA, USA in 1995. In each international workshop, various aspects of ram accelerators were intensely discussed. The presented material was bound and served as proceedings at the venues. In spite of the previous progress in this technology, it still warrants further intense investigation for its practical application. So far, knowledge on ram accelerators has spread to only a limited number of scientists and engineers. It might not be easy for people who have not been involved in related projects to participate in further research adventure on this device. Based on this background, this book was edited not only as the proceedings of the workshop but also as an introductory textbook on ram accelerators. This book includes three lecture notes on important aspects - overview of research activities, performance modeling and high-pressure detonation dynamics. Readers will also benefit from the reviews or summaries of the related topics as given in other contributed papers. We hope that this book will act both as a bound volume on current technologies and as an introduction for many scientists and researchers. We would like to express our gratitude to all the contributors and partic ipants in the workshop, including Dr. Tsutomu Saito, Dr. Osamu Onodera, Messrs Hidenori Ojima, Toshihiro Ogawa, Ms Aki Tanimoto, Ms Naoko Vagi, Ms Takako lijima, and students of the Shock Wave Research Center for their valuable help in organizing the workshop. Also, we thank Ms Etsuko Hagita for her assistance with this edition and Ms Michiyo Sasoh for designing the VIII Preface cover figures from our experimental visualization. The organizer wishes to ac knowledge the support provided by Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS). Shock Wave Research Center Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan, May 1998 Kazuyoshi Takayama Akihiro Sasoh Contents Lecture Notes The Ram Accelerator: Overview and State of the Art A.P. Bruckner .......................................................... 3 Ram Accelerator Performance Modeling C. Knowlen, A. Sasoh ................................................. 25 Real Gas Effects in Ram Accelerator Propellant Mixtures: Theoretical Concepts and Applied Thermochemical Codes P. Bauer, J.F. Legendre, M. Henner, M. Gimud ........................ 39 Facilities and Experiments High Acceleration Experiments Using a Multi-stage Ram Accelerator J.E. Elvander, C. Knowlen, A.P. Bruckner ............................. 55 RAMAC in Subd etonative Propulsion Mode: State of the ISL Studies M. Gimud, J.F. Legendre, M. Henner .................................. 65 Presentation of the Rail TUbe Version II of ISL's RAMAC 30 F. Seiler, G. Patz, G. Smeets, J. Srulijes ............................... 79 The Behaviour of Fin-Guided Projectiles Superdetonative Accelerated in IS1's RAMAC 30 G. Patz, F. Seiler, G. Smeets, J. Srulijes ............................... 89 High Performance Ram Accelerator Research D.L. Kruczynski ....................................................... 97 Ignition Study for Low Pressure Combustible Mixture in a Ram Accelerator X. Chang, S. Matsuoka, T. Watanabe, S. Taki ........................ 105 Thermally Choked Operation in a 25-mm-Bore Ram Accelerator A. Sasoh, S. Himkata, J. Maemum, Y. Hamate, K. Takayama ........ 111 37-mm-Bore Ram Accelerator of CARDC Liu Sen, Z. Y. Bai, H.X. Jian, X.H. Ping, S.Q. Bu .................... 119 X Contents Performance Prediction Real Gas Effects on Thermally Choked Ram Accelerator Performance D.L. Buckwalter, C. Know len, A.P. Bruckner ......................... 125 Numerical Investigation on Subdetonative Mode Ramjet-in-TUbe M.M. Morales, M.A.S. Minucci, l.B. Channes-lr., A. G. Ramos, D. Bastos-Netto ......................................... 135 On the Optimization of Thermally-Choked Ram Accelerator Systems X.l. Wang, E. Spiegler, Y. Timnat ................................... 143 Prediction of Surface Heating of a Projectile Flying in RAMAC 30 of ISL F. Seiler, F. Gatau, G. Mathieu ....................................... 151 Ram Accelerator Optimization and Use of Hydrogen Core to Increase Projectile Velocity D. W. Bogdanoff ...................................................... 159 Analysis and Experimental Results of a Fin-Stabilized Subcaliber Projectile with a Blunt Step in the External Propulsion Accelerator l. Rom, D. Kruczynski, M. Nusca ..................................... 167 Starting Processes Effects of Launch TUbe Shock Dynamics on Initiation of Ram Accelerator Operation l.P' Stewart, A.P. Bruckner, C. Knowlen ............................. 181 Overview of the Subdetonative Ram Accelerator Starting Process E. Schultz, C. Knowlen, A.P. Bruckner ............................... 189 Diaphragm Rupturing Processes by a Ram Accelerator Projectile 1. Maemura, S. Hirakata, A. Sasoh, K. Takayama, l. Falcovitz ........ 205 Numerical Simulation of the Unsteady Processes in Starting Period of Ram Accelerator S. Taki, C. Zhang, X. Chang .......................................... 215 RAMAC 90: Detonation Initiation of Insensitive Dense Methane-Based Mixtures by Normal Shock Waves l.F. Legendre, P. Bauer, M. Giraud ................................... 223 Contents XI Hypersonic Blunt Body in Chemically Reacting Flows Comparison of Numerical Simulations and PLIF Imaging Results of Hypersonic Inert and Reactive Flows Around Blunt Projectiles K. Toshimitsu, A. Matsuo, M.R. Kamel, C.I. Morris, R.K. Hanson ... 235 Comparisons of Numerical Methods for the Analysis of Unsteady Shock-Induced Combustion J. Y. Choi, I.S. Jeung, Y. Yoon ....................................... 243 On the Detonation Initiation by a Supersonic Sphere Y. Ju, A. Sasoh, G. Masuya .......................................... 255 Experimental Observation of Oblique Detonation Waves Around Hypersonic Free Projectiles J. Kasahara, A. Takeishi, H. Kuroda, M. Horiba, K. Matsukawa, J.E. Leblanc, T. Endo, T. Fujiwara ................................... 263 Numerical Prediction of Envelope Oscillation Phenomena of Shock-Induced Combustion A. Matsuo ............................................................ 271 Diagnostics Experimental Investigation of Ram Accelerator Flow Fields and Combustion Kinetics M.R. Kamel, C.I. Morris, A. Ben-Yakar, E.L. Petersen, R.K. Hanson. 281 Accelerating Hydrogen/Air Mixtures to Superdetonative Speeds Using an Expansion Tube J. Srulijes, G. Smeets, G. Patz, F. Seiler .............................. 295 Computational Fluid Dynamics Numerical Simulations of Unsteady Ram Accelerator Flow Phenomena M.J. Nusca ........................................................... 305 Numerical Investigation of Ram Accelerator Flow Field in Expansion Tube J. Y. Choi, I.S. Jeung, Y. Yoon ....................................... 313 CFD Computations of Steady and Non-reactive Flow Around Fin-Guided Ram Projectiles M. Henner, M. Giraud, J.F. Legendre, C. Berner ..................... 325 Ignition of a Reactive Gas by Focusing of a Shock Wave M. Rose, U. Uphoff, P. Roth .......................................... 333

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Ram accelerators are among the most advanced tools for generating fluid dynamcis data in supersonic reacting systems. They require the combined action of combustion, wave systems and turbulence and are still a serious challenge for physicists and engineers. This book will serve as an introductionary
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