Ral Antic Director Thoracic Medicine Head of Sleepp Service Royal Adelaide Hospital Visiting Respiratory and Sleep Physician Alice Sppringgs Hosppital Conflict of Interest (cid:121)(cid:121) PPaasstt mmeemmbbeerr ooff RReessMMeedd MMeeddiiccaall BBooaarrdd (cid:121) Honoraria from lectures for Novartis, Boehringer, Glaxo (cid:121) IInnvveessttiiggaattoorr iinn IInnssoommnniiaa CClliinniiccaall TTrriiaallss To discuss (cid:121) Sleep (cid:121) what is normal (cid:121) Disordered breathing in sleep and its treatment (cid:121) Sleep and the CVS (cid:121) The connection between sleep apnoea and chronic CV diseases (cid:121) the mechanisms by which abnormal sleep leads to cardiac injury (cid:121) the management 44 kkeeyy aassppeeccttss ooff hheeaalltthh Nutrition EExeerrcciissee HHeeaalltthhy sslleeeepp Mental health/Stress Risk to health in sleep (cid:121) SSlleep iis ‘‘restoratiive’’ (cid:121) In sleep there is a downturn in activity of all organs (cid:121) This is needed for ongoing health (cid:121) This state can be destabilised by factors, conditions or pre‐existing diseases (cid:121) This impairs homeostasis and creates a risk to the development of disease CCllaassssiiffiiccaattiioonn ooff SSlleeeepp DDiissoorrddeerrss CSD‐2 SYSTEM American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2005 (cid:121) Insomnia (cid:121) conditions that are characterized by (cid:121) Parasomnias difficulty initiating or maintaining (cid:121) undesirable physical events sleep, or by poor quality sleep (movements, behaviours) or experiences (emotions, perceptions, ddrreeaammss)) tthhaatt ooccccuurr dduurriinngg eennttrryy iinnttoo (cid:121)(cid:121) SSlleeeepp rreellaatteedd bbrreeaatthhiinngg ddiissoorrddeerrss sleep, within sleep, or during (cid:121) abnormal respiration during sleep arousals from sleep (cid:121) Hypersomnias of central origin (cid:121) Sleep related movement disorders (cid:121)(cid:121) pprriimmaarryy ccoommppllaaiinntt iiss ddaayyttiimmee (cid:121) simplle, stereotypic movements thhat sleepiness that is not due to disturb sleep eg Restless Legs disturbed sleep or misaligned Syndrome circadian rhythms (cid:121)(cid:121) IIssoollaatteedd ssyymmppttoommss aanndd nnoorrmmaall (cid:121) Circadian rhythm sleep disorders variants (cid:121) chronic or recurrent sleep disturbance due to misalignment (cid:121) Other sleep disorders between the environment and an iinnddiivviidduuaall'ss sslleeeepp‐wwaakkee ccyyccllee AA siigniiffiicant pubblliic hheallthh iissue EExpllosiion iin bbotthh kknowlleddge && iitts iinciiddence in the last 10 years Sleep creates a risky state Physiological changes in Sleep (cid:121) In non‐REM sleep (75‐85% sleep time) (cid:121)(cid:121) PPaarraassyymmppaatthheettiicc ttoonnee iinnccrreeaasseess aanndd ssyymmppaatthheettiicc decreases Decrease in HR, BP, systemic vascular resistance and cardiac (cid:121) oouuttppuutt Increase in cardiac stability (cid:121) Decrease in airway size (cid:121) (cid:121) in REM slleep (cid:121) Decrease in parasympathetic tone and increase in syymppathetic tone Rise in BP, HR (cid:121) Health is adversely affected by (cid:121) IInnssuuffffiicciieenntt oorr eexxcceessssiivvee sslleeeepp (cid:121) Acute (cid:121) chronic (cid:121) Fragmentation of sleep (cid:121) Acute (cid:121) Chronic The Upppper Airwayy
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