Raising Cane: The Political Economy of Sugar in Western India PDF
Preview Raising Cane: The Political Economy of Sugar in Western India
RaisCiannge Raising Cane The Political Economy of Sugar in Western India Donald W. Attwood ~ ~ ~~o~;!:n~~:up LONDON AND NEW YORK Firpsutb li1s9h9be2yWd e tsviePwr eIsnsc,. Publi2s0h1be9yRd o utledge 52a nVdeArvbeinlNutee wY, o rkY ,1 0N017 2P arSkq u aMriel,tPoanr A kb,ingOdxoonOn,X 144R N Rout liaesn d igmeproi tfnhTtea y&lF orra nGcriosau n pi,n fobrumsai ness Copyr i1g9h9Tt2a© y&lF orra ncis Al rligrhetsse Nrovp eador.ftt h bioso m kaby e reproirnr teepdr ood ruutcieldii nas neyd form obaryn yl eectronic, mechanikcnaolw,n oorr ohtehreera fmteearn si,n vneonwt ed, inclupdhiontgo caonprdye icnogro drii nan ngiy,n formatioonr srte otsrryaisgeteve aml, withpoeurtm iisnws riiotfrnio nmg the publishers. Notice: Prodourcc otr p onraammteaesby e t radeomrra ergkis s ttreardeedmaanardrk uess ,e d onfolyr identifi ceaxtpiloawnni atathniodount intent to infringe. LibrarofyC ongCraetsasl oging-Diant-aP ublication AttwDooonda,Wl .d Raiscia:nnt gehp eo lietciocnaoolfsm uyg ianwr e stIenrd/ni a DonaWl.Ad t twood. p.c m. Inclbuidbelsi ograpahniidcn adle xr.e ferences ISB0N- 8133-01-288173-36(-.p1 b42k8.-)3 1S.ugtarra de-IndiaI-T.Mi atlleeg.aon. HD9116.I411959M23 93 33l8' .7 3'6019 54792-dc20 91-17330 CIP ISB1N39 :7 8-0-36(7h-b2k8)4 97-8 To family on both sides of the world Contents List of Tables and Figures Xl Acknowledgments XV PART ONE INTRODUCTION l The Problem 3 An Anomalous Industry, 4 Nationalism and Dependency Theory, 6 Dependent India? 10 Agrarian Regions in India, ll Political Economy, 14 Enterprising Peasant Families, 15 Looking Ahead, 18 Notes, 20 2 The Setting 22 Malegaon Village c. 1885, 23 Rural Life Before the British Raj, 29 Stratification, 31 Risk and Mobility, 33 Competition and Mobility, 36 Change in the 19th Century, 39 Conclusion, 45 Notes, 46 PART TWO SUGAR PRODUCTION BEFORE INDEPENDENCE 3 Irrigation and Imperialism 49 Origin of the Deccan Canals, 50 The Problem of Unwanted Water, 51 Fiscal Pressures and Wasted Water, 58 The Sugarcane Block System, 60 Cane Blocks and Famine Protection, 62 vii viii Contents Impact of Peasants on Policy, 65 Notes, 66 4 Peasants Versus Capitalists 68 North India: Origins of the Industry, 69 The Bombay Deccan: Cane and Gut Production, 74 The High Cost of Sugarcane, 77 Management of an Expensive Crop, 79 Relations of Production, 81 Origins of the Bombay Sugar Industry, 85 Reorganization from Below, 88 Conclusion, 89 Notes, 90 PART THREE MALEGAON VILLAGE, 1900-1950 S Old Elites and New Entrepreneurs 95 New Ideas and Movements, 95 History of the ]agir, 100 Shambhusingh Jadhavrao, 102 The Raja and the Sugar Economy, 104 Keshavrao Taware, llO The Nira Valley Sugar Company, ll3 Sugar Magnates, ll4 Idealists and Other Innovators, liB Notes, 121 6 Migration and Economic Mobility 122 Migrants with a Leg Up, 124 Drought and Migration, 126 Hazards in the Family Cycle, 129 Family Cycles and Upward Mobility, 130 Migrant Dhangars: A Success Story, 134 Less Fortunate Immigrants, 137 Local Land-Gainers, 139 Mobility for the Landless, 142 Local Land-Losers, 144 Overall Mobility, 146 Notes, 151 7 The Pattern of Inequality and Mobility 153 Data and Methods, 153 Contents ix Economic Mobility and Inequality, 154 Caste and Mobility, 164 The Great Depression, 170 Political Economy So Far, 177 Notes, 181 PART FOUR COOPERATIVE SUGAR, 1950-1985 8 The Politics of Sugar 187 Sugar Interests at the National Level, 188 Sugar Interests at the State Level, 190 The First Cooperative Factories, 193 Factory Organizers Near Baramati, 196 Cooperative Organization, 199 Evolution of Factory Politics, 202 Cooperatives and State Politics, 208 Notes, 214 9 Performance and Impact of a Sugar Co-op 216 Economic Rationale, 217 Growth of the Malegaon Factory, 218 Malegaon's Other Investments, 225 Investments by Other Sugar Co-ops, 228 Impact of the Malegaon Factory: Employment, 230 Indirect Employment Effects, 234 Diversification and Mobility, 236 Changes in Relations of Production, 240 Changes in Land Distribution, 243 Nonagricultural Incomes, 250 Poverty, Inequality, and Economic Expansion, 255 Notes, 257 10 Why Do Some Cooperatives Work? 260 Regional Differences in Sugar Production, 260 Technical and Economic Efficiency, 264 The Basis for a Class Alliance, 270 Comparisons with Other Types of Co-ops, 274 Competition and Efficiency, 276 Competition and Innovation, 280 Cooperative Factories in the North, 283 Competition and Accountability, 285 Notes, 287
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