radiotracer studies of agrochemical residues in meat, milk and related products of livestock and ...

85 Pages·2001·1.35 MB·English

IAEA-TECDOC-406
RADIOTRACER STUDIES
OF AGROCHEMICAL RESIDUES
N I MEAT, MILKD NA RELATED PRODUCTS
OF LD IVPEONSUTLAOTCRKY
RA ER PEFOSORETA RCH CO-ORDINATION MEETING
ON STUDIES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL RESIDUES
IN MEAT, MILK AND RELATED PRODUCTS
OF LIVESTOCK WITH THE AID OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES
ORGEAHNTIZ YEBD
JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF ISOTOPE AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS
OF ATOMIC ENERGY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
HEN LBIDE LGRADE, 16-19 JULY 1986
A TECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUEDEHT YB
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1987
RADIOTRACER STUDIES OF AGROCHEMICAL RESIDUES
N MIEAD TR, NEMLAILAKT ED PRODUF LCOIVTSE D SPTNOOUACLKT RY
IAEA, VIENNA, 1987
IAEA-TECDOC-406
Prie nhItAte yEdb n AAi ustria
January 1987
PLEASE BE AWARE THAT
E AHMTL IFLOS SING PAGEN STI HIS DOCUMENT
WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK
The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series.
However, microfiche copiesf o these repore tbo nsac btained from
IN IS Clearinghouse
International Atomic Energy Agency
Wagramerstrasse 5
P.O. Box 100
A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100,-
e fe hofa chotrf h omtrfIn eoAm niq EiruoAe microfiche service coupons
whice bh oyam rdered separately fromS ICM I eht learinghouse.
FOREWORD
World population growth durie nhtpg aw seftd ecads eahsb een accompanied
by an increasing awareness of/and concern for all aspects of human health,
including the safety of human foodstuffs. Pesticides and other agricultural
chemicals have become more and more indispensable, worldwide, in maximizing
food crop production,e ht ni dna protectionf o foodd na fiber producing
animals. With the increasing use of agricultural chemicals on livestock and
poultry, there are two major concerns from a toxicological standpoint.
First, su escmuhu toshnt an vaei njurious efe hftte rnceota ted animadnlas
f oth eessesu e ccehohentmdi ,cals e t hrmoretunets se tnuniltf tioo n
appreciable (and potentially toxic) residuen sim eat products, milkr ,o eggs.
In 1981, the FAO/IAEA Joint Division, recognizing the need for
coordinated e rfhf eatpostee esantroic cd hiondtaeh ser agricultural
chemicals in food animals and further recongizing that such internationally
coordinated research efforts have not been undertaken, established the 5-year
"Coordinated Research Programme on Studies of Agricultural Chemical Residues
in Meat, Milk and Related Products of Livestock with the aid of Nuclear
Ten cihnIniitqiuaets i"n.g this Research e PJroohignrtta mDm iev,ision
recognized that major knowledge gaps e exhsti unsbit ject area thatfi,
filled, would greatlyd ia developing nationsn i their effortso t safelydna
effectively utilize agricultural chemico amtla sxie mhpirtzo eductfioo n
meat, milk, egg and fiber. The programme was targeted specifically to
conduct coordinated research that addressed these nee ehpdTrse. sent report
is the documentation of the contribution and accomplishments of this
programme.
EDITORIAL NOTE
In preparing this e mhpe arteIhtnes trsrteo ,i farfosnl taaf tfional Atomic Energy Agency
have d mponae ugoanhirntiagetidt neda l m de gaanihnuvuteats hsnscoaurr bi spymt sbitted
some attention to the presentation.
The views expressed in the papers, the statements made and the general style adopted are
e rhetspone snhiatb mifloietyd aut toe nhvnheoiTc eroewsds. ss arily reflect e ghtohtvo fesore n-
ments of tlie Member States or organizations under whose auspices the manuscripts were produced.
n thiis e bsf opouToahk re ticular designati foocnos untr rtoeiers ritorieyst oindmonapels y
judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of
their authorid tiinneass e tidhtteu ltfiiomo rniotsa tiof otnh eir boundaries.
The mentf ioospn ecific com fpotha enriiore s produr cbotrs and names dt oyiomnnespa ly
endorsemr reoenc tome mIhAete Enp hdAfaota.r t tnioon
Authors are themselves responsible for obtaining the necessary permission to reproduce
copyright material from other sources.
CONTENTS
1. PAPERS PRESENTED
14C-coumaphos residun Eeigs yptian lactating goats .......................................9........... .
A.Z. Osman, S.M.A.D. Zayed, N.I. Hazzaa
Fated na metabolismf o radiolabelled monocrotophosn i Egyptian lactating goats .....51
A.Z. Osman, S.M.A.D. Zayed, N.I. Hazzaa
Fate fo 14C-monocrotophosn i lactating goats .........................................................1.2..
M.J. Qureshi, F.F. Jamil, A. Ul-Haq, S.H.M. Naqvi
Faf to1e4 C-carbofurn alina ctating goats ............................................................9.2......
A.W. Tejada, E.D. Magallona
A study of lindane in laying hens ............................................................................... 37
. /Begov. iVVc, ojinov. RCicu, so. vRZ, ivkovic
Studye ht fo fate fo 14C-lindanen i laying hens ..........................................................54.
/. Begovic, C. Rusov, R. Zivkovic
Fate of I4C-deltamethrin in lactating dairy cows ........................................................ 51
M.H. Akhtar, K.E. Hartin, H.L. Trenholm
Metabolism, distributiond na excretionf o deltamethriny b Leghorn hens ..................75
M.H. Akhtar, R.M.G. Hamilton, H.L. Trenholm
Behaviour of 14C-niclosamide in aquatic systems ........................................................ 61
A.M. El-Hindi
Niclosamide residun demtinsi sialsku f loeas ctating goats .............................3..6........ .
A.M. El-Hindi, M.S. Sidra
Fd ranetase iduf eops esticid donetahs er agriculturally significant chemicanlis
livestock and poultry as determined by radiotracer techniques .............................. 71
G. WI.v ie
The metabolism of 14C-sulfamethazine in swine and rats ............................................ 83
G. Paulson
Aflatoxins B) and Mj in forage and milk of dairy animals .......................................... 85
eeHscWh .en
. 1 REPORT ..................................................................................................................7.8
2.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 87
2.2. Meeting objectives ............................................................................................. 88
2.3. Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 88
2.4. Appraisal of the programme ............................................................................... 90
2.5. Recommendations ............................................................................................. 92
. 3F LPIOASTR TICIPANTS ..........................................................................3..9........... .
1. PAPERS PRESENTED
14C-COUMAPHOS RESIDUNEIS
EGYPTIAN LACTATING GOATS
A.Z. OSMAN, S.M.A.D. ZAYED, N.I. HAZZAA
Middle Eastern Regional Radioisotope Centre
for the Arab Countries,
Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
14
C-coumaphos was applied dermally to two lactating goats, with 2
weeks interval. One goat was sacrificed 24 hours after the second
application, and the second animal after a withdrawal period of two weeks.
The results showed that coumaphos a sah slow penetration rate when dermally
applied to lactating goats. Milk residues were 0.20 - 0.25 ppm following
application, declining gradually to 0.03 - 0.06 ppm after 2 weeks. The
liver, kidney were found to contain considerable amounts of coumaphos
residues in comparison with other organs and milk, after the withdrawal
period.
1. INTRODUCTION
Coumaphos (Asuntol), 0-3~chloro-4-methylcoumarin-7-yl) 0,0-dimethyl
phosphorothioate (Bayer), is used on Egyptian farm animals to control
ectoparasites. It is a systemic organophosphorus compound which has proven
effective to control ticks. According to practice, a fortnight should elapse
between the last treatment and slaughtering; also, milk obtained during 2
days following treatment may not be used for human consumption.
e phreTsens ti ansitwo tudid tee ayttdeh eerdpmtoisf n icetooiuo mnaphos
and/or metabolites in milk, meat and other tissues of lactating Egyptian
goats expoo stceod umaphos.
2. MATD EMRNEITAAHL OSDS
14
2.1. Synthef soi sC-coumaphos
14
2.1.1 C-0,0-dimethyl phosphorochloridethioate
This was prepared by the interaction of the sodium salt
14
- o1f C-ethand notalh iophosphoryl chloride accoerhtd iontg
procedure described by O'Brien, 1960; the yield was about 40 %.
2.1.2 3-chloro-4-methyl-7-hydroxy coumarin
130g freshly distilled ethylaceto satcareewtaatt eed, while
stirring and cooling with 88 ml of sulfurylchloride. At the end of
the reaction, the mixture was heated on a water bath for 50 min.
and then cooled.e hT mixtures aw extracted with etheehtr dna
product pury ifdbiies dtillation under ve aychiuteulm d; 11f5o g
pure tt-chloroethylacetoacetate (b.p. 8mm, 75-76°C).
Ten ml of « -chloroethylacetoacetate, dissolved in 60 ml dry
benzene, was mixed with 15 ml POC1 and the mixture was refluxed
on a water bath for 4 hours. After cooling, excess phosphorus
oxychloride was decomposed by the addition of excess water and the
product extracted with ether, m.p. 235°C (from dilute alcohol).
14
2.1.3 C-coumaphos
Coumaphos was synthesized after the method described by Schrader
(1963).a oT suspensionf o 1.05g fo 3-chloro-4-methyl-7- hydroxy
coumarinl m 5 ni ethylmethylketone,y rd finely powdered potassium
carbonate (0.75g) was added at 60°C. the mixture was kept at that
14
td e etnhnmhoapoeue n rr ratoufCr- ediethyl phosphorochloride-
this oaaawdt deed oe v anehp rooeu rrfi oow dhile stirerhiTng .
mixs thauewra et4 eh dot u7ar5 s°C, filtered wheihlte dwnaar m
14
ffiillttrraattee ppoouurreedd oonnttoo ccoolldd wwaatt<er; yield 1.5g of C-coumaphos with
specific activity, 145 uCi/g.
2.2 Application
Two lactating Egyptian goats were acclimatized to the environment
2 w eerkos e fepo hxrbtptieeog rriinfmnoeinn tg.
14
504 mg of C-coumaphos was suspended in one litre water (Sp.Act.
310622 cpm/mg a.i.), and a half litre was dermally applied on each
eghotTarte .at smaeswnt tarted immediately after mixo ittna gke
advantage of the freshly dispersed active ingredient. The
applicatios anwd one usin ag suitable small sponge, stroking
carefully against the hair direction. After two weeks, a second
application was similarly made. During the whole experiment, a
certified veterinarian observed the animals.
10