Radionuclides in the Environment PDF
Preview Radionuclides in the Environment
RADIONUCLIDES i n t h e E n v i r o n m e n t EIC Books ApplicationofPhysicalMethodstoInorganicandBioinorganicChemistry EditedbyRobertA.ScottandCharlesM.Lukehart ISBN978-0-470-03217-6 Nanomaterials:InorganicandBioinorganicPerspectives EditedbyCharlesM.LukehartandRobertA.Scott ISBN978-0-470-51644-7 ComputationalInorganicandBioinorganicChemistry EditedbyEdwardI.Solomon,R.BruceKingandRobertA.Scott ISBN978-0-470-69997-3 RadionuclidesintheEnvironment EditedbyDavidA.Atwood ISBN978-0-470-71434-8 Forthcoming EnergyProductionandStorage:InorganicChemicalStrategiesforaWarmingWorld RobertH.Crabtree ISBN978-0-470-74986-9 Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry In1994JohnWiley&SonspublishedtheEncyclopediaofInorganicChemistry(EIC).This8-volume work was well received by the community, and has become a standard publication in all libraries serving the inorganic, coordination chemistry, organometallic and bioinorganic communities. The 10-volumeSecondEditionoftheEncyclopediawaspublishedinprintin2005,andonlinein2006, onthemajorreferenceplatformWileyInterScience: http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/eic/ RADIONUCLIDES i n t h e E n v i r o n m e n t Editor David A. Atwood University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Thiseditionfirstpublished2010 ©2010JohnWiley&SonsLtd Registered office John Wiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate, Chichester,West Sussex,PO198SQ, UnitedKingdom For detailsofourglobaleditorialoffices, forcustomer servicesand forinformationabouthow to applyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterial inthisbookplease seeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com. The rightoftheauthorstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthisworkhasbeen asserted in accordance withtheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct 1988. Allrightsreserved. Nopartof thispublicationmay bereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem, or transmitted,inany formor byany means, electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recordingor otherwise,except aspermittedby theUK Copyright,Designsand PatentsAct 1988,withoutthe priorpermissionof thepublisher. Wiley alsopublishesitsbooksina varietyof electronicformats.Some contentthatappears in printmay notbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Designationsusedby companiestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimed astrademarks. Allbrandnames and productnames usedinthisbookaretradenames, servicemarks, trademarksor registeredtrademarksof theirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociated withany productorvendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovide accurate and authoritativeinformationinregard tothesubject mattercovered.Itissoldonthe understandingthatthepublisheris notengagedin renderingprofessionalservices. Ifprofessional adviceor otherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesof acompetentprofessionalshouldbe sought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Radionuclidesintheenvironment/editor,DavidA.Atwood. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesand index. ISBN 978-0-470-71434-8(cloth) 1. Radioisotopes--Environmentalaspects. 2. Radioactivepollution.3. Environmental chemistry.I.Atwood,DavidA.,1965- TD196.R3R34852010 628.5(cid:2)2--dc22 2010005171 A cataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN-13:978-0-470-71434-8 Set in91//111/ ptTimesNewRomanPSby Laserwords(Private)Limited,Chennai,India. 2 2 Printedand boundinSingaporebyMarkonoPrintMediaPteLtd. Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief RobertH. Crabtree YaleUniversity, New Haven, CT,USA Section Editors David A.Atwood University ofKentucky, Lexington, KY,USA R.Bruce King University ofGeorgia,Athens,GA,USA Charles M. Lukehart VanderbiltUniversity, Nashville, TN,USA Robert A.Scott University ofGeorgia,Athens,GA,USA International Advisory Board Michael Bruce Wolfgang Herrmann Adelaide, Australia Munich, Germany Fausto Calderazzo Jean-Marie Lehn Pisa, Italy Strasbourg, France Franc¸ois Mathey Tristram Chivers University of California Riverside, Calgary, Canada CA, USA Odile Eisenstein Akira Nakamura Montpellier, France Osaka, Japan C. David Garner Jan Reedijk Nottingham, UK Leiden, The Netherlands Malcolm Green Vivian Yam Oxford, UK Hong Kong Contents Contributors xi Series Preface xv Volume Preface xvii Natural Radioactivity 1 Dominic Larivie`re and Nicolas Gue´rin Anthropogenic Radioactivity 19 Jerzy W. Mietelski Speciation 35 Brit Salbu Tritium 47 Dan Galeriu and Anca Melintescu Potassium 65 Taehong Jun, Olga G. Tsay, and David G. Churchill Cesium 73 Enrique Lima Strontium 79 Francisco Javier Guille´n, Antonio Baeza, and Alejandro Salas Radium 97 Hildegarde Vandenhove, Freddy Verrezen, and Edward R. Landa Phosphorus 109 Kibong Kim and David G. Churchill Sulfur 115 Olga G. Tsay and David G. Churchill Selenium 121 George Shaw and Daniel Ashworth Indium 131 Rudolf J. Wehmschulte Thallium 135 Rudolf J. Wehmschulte Lead 139 Asnor Azrin Sabuti and Che Abd Rahim Mohamed VIII CONTENTS Polonium 149 Lubna Alam and Che Abd Rahim Mohamed Chlorine 155 Daniel Ashworth and George Shaw Iodine 165 Qinhong Hu and Jean E. Moran Xenon 179 Paul R.J. Saey Radon 191 Bliss L. Tracy Cobalt 207 Enrique Lima Technetium 217 Qinhong Hu Rhenium 227 Keiko Tagami and Shigeo Uchida Europium 233 Xiangke Wang and Jiaxing Li Thorium 247 Zal Uyun Wan Mahmood and Che Abd Rahim Mohamed Protactinium 255 Asamuddin Abu Hasan and Che Abd Rahim Mohamed Uranium 261 Hildegarde Vandenhove, Christian Hurtgen, and Timothy E. Payne Neptunium 273 Wolfgang Runde and George S. Goff Plutonium 289 Mary P. Neu, George S. Goff, and Wolfgang Runde Americium and Curium 315 Wolfgang Runde Oceans and Seas 339 Michio Aoyama Pacific Ocean 347 Michio Aoyama Atlantic Ocean 361 Peter Kershaw Indian Ocean 375 Pavel P. Povinec Arctic Ocean 389 Agata Zaborska and JoLynn Carroll
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