RADIO. TELEVISION and HOBBIES j transmission by posl as ap^r APRIL, 1962 26 Vol. 24 No. I ...

132 Pages·2017·19.73 MB·English

APRIL, 1962
26
RADIO.
Vol. 24 No. I
RADIO, TELEVISION,
TELEVISION
HI Fl, ELECTRONICS,
and HOBBIES AMATEUR RADIO,
POPULAR SCIENCE,
HOBBIES.
j transmission by posl as a p^r
. V
De Havilland "Trident"
(see story inside)
— |
1
PICTURE TUBES
I '
PAGE 2 RADIO, TELEVISION & HOBBIES APRIL, 1962
111
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a
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ft
ki
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In Te ledge is progress
Ty knowledge can mean progress; in turn pr ogress itself
'maintains our present high standard of living.
Television has its place in the community and tl e expansion
of this industry with the ever changing technifques require
specially trained personnel ^o keep the picture of progress
moving.
MARCONT
No one is in a better position to advance with this progress
than the trained television technics
The Marconi School of^Wlreless has combined training
facilities with tbe^fnost up-to-date methods to ensure that
Jfaduate has the knowledge necessary to become
thoroughly competent in this field.
Please send me without obligation your prospectus.
FILL IN AND POST
NAME I
COUPON TO-DAY TO
ADDRESS Coll, write or phone —
SYDNEY
47 York Street. B 0233
MARCONI MARCONI SCHOOL OF WIRELESS
MELBOURNE
Conducted by 167 Queen Street. MU 9161
SCHOOL OF AMALGAMATED WIRELESS (AUSTRALASIA) LIMITED
(Incorporated in New South IVales)
WIRELESS
AUSTRALIA'S NATIONAL ELECTRONICS JOURNAL
RADIO iVISlOX and
ABC CERTIFIED CIRCULATION IN EXCESS OF 38,000
Volume 24, Number 1 April, 1962
Editor:
F.M. SMOKESCREEN NEVILLE WILLIAMS
M.I.R.E. (Auit.) (VK2XV).
rpHE very large group of listeners who were
Technical Editor;
dismayed, some months ago, by the termina-
PHILIP WATSON (VKJIPW)
tion of FM broadcasting, ground their teeth in A.M.I.R.E. (Auit.),
further frustration at a statement by the Post-
master-General, Mr Davidson, on March 8. Technical Staff:
Replying in Parliament to a question by Mr KEITH JEFFCOAT (VK1BK)
Enfield, the Minister said . . space would be JAMIESON ROWE
made available in the ultra-high frequency band ALAN NUTT (VKiON)
IAN POGSON (VK2AZN)
for a continuation of frequency modulation
JOHN DAVIDSON (VK1ZJE)
broadcasts, if a fairly general desire to have such
MERVYN HUDDLESTON
a service reinstated were indicated by listeners
generally ... as yet I have not been informed Advertising:
of any such general desire." SELWYN SAYERS, Act. Mgr.
BILL SUMMONS, Rep. Sydney.
What kind of double-talk is this? If only
DON HARPER, Rep. Melbourne.
a fraction of those listeners who expressed their
intention of doing so, actually wrote to their Circulation:
local member, then a very considerable number of letters must have reached W. CUMMING, Mgr.
Canberra. Did the Minister, by some strange circumstance, not hear of
these letters or were the people who wrote them written off as "hi-fi cranks" Subscription Rates:
C'weallh, Fl|l, N. Guinea,
whose opinions didn't count? £1/15/- p.o.
In substance, however, the Minister is relying on the tired old story United Kingdom and N.Z., £A2 p.o.
British Dominions £A2 p.o.
that the public—other than the aforementioned "cranks"—hasn't demanded Foreign £A2/10/- p.o.
an FM service. Is it any wonder, when the public has been studiously
kept in ignorance that such a service did exist or could exist? The supposed Editorial Offices:
9th Floor, 235-241 Jones St.,
use of experimental FM transmitters to evaluate the service, stands as one Broadway, Sydney. Phone B0944,
of the past decade's funny stories! Ext. 2531, 2525-6-7.
All the public knows is that it is getting clear FM sound from the
Advertising Offices:
ever-widening network of TV stations, which makes the best efforts of
5th Floor, 235-243 Jones St.,
even the local AM transmitters look foolish. Is it any wonder that the Broadway, Sydney. Phone B0944,
broadcast stations are fighting to retain a significant share of the potential Ext. 2931, 2508, 2510.
audience? Circulation Dept.:
Any time from now on, the sound broadcasting industry is going to 2nd Floor, 235-243 Jones St.,
wake up to the fact that the most potent answer to television is high quality, Broadway, Sydney. Phone B0944,
Ext. 2505, 2509.
noise-free compatible stereo; that it should have been radiated, not on
the still problematical UHF band but on the very VHF band that they Postal Address:
were glad to see cut up. Box 2728, G.P.O., Sydney. (Re
technical queries, see "Answers
The whole vexed question has been fouled up for too long by ignor- To Correspondents" page.)
ance, apathy and powerful string-pulling by sectional interests. What
is needed now is positive thinking, based on firm technical grounds, and Melbourne Office:
aimed at giving the public what they don't realise they can have. 392 Little Collins St. Phone
67-8111.
Statements like this last one of Mr Davidson's, only add to the prevail-
ing smog of confusion. Cover Picture:
This colour photograph of
the do Havillond "Trident,"
bearing the BEA emblem, is
rather more realistic than the
artist's impression of the
plane included in our story on
page 4. The Trident and the
Boeing 727 are similar planes,
both designed to provide high
h speed jet transportation on re-
CON E N T S - latively "short haul" or "inter-
nal" routes, up to 1500 miles.
Page Page They represent a significant
step forward In jet transporta-
Story of the Tri-Mofor Jots 4 Getting Started on SSB (Part tion, hitherto confined to long
Thin Film Phosphors — 9 Three) ... . 61 distance operation.
Building with Prestressed Trade Reviews and Releases 73
Concrete — 12 The New TV Channels .. 76 Inlerslofe Distributors:
What Do We Mean By Luck? 17 Let's Buy An Argument .. 84 Distributed In N.S.W. by Sungrevure Fly.
Ltd., 21-29 Morley Avenue. Rosebery,
Review—Simplified Electronic Book Review _ . 89 N.S.W.; In Victoria by Sungrevure Ply.
Tachometer ... .. 19 Off The Record — — 92 Ltd., 392 Little Collins St., Melbourne;
Review—Strain Gauges - 21 Classical Reviews _ 95 In South Australia by Sungrevure Pty.
Ltd., 104 Currie St.. Adelaide; in Western
Scientific and Industrial News 25 Variety Fare — 101 Australia by Western Press; In Queens-
Electronic Organ . _ . 28 The Amateur Bands 109 land by Gordon and Gotch ■
The Serviceman Who Tells .. 38 On Shortwave — .. 117 (A/asia) Ltd.; In New Zealand
by Truth (N.Z.) Ltd.; In Tas-
Stereo Tape Recorder — __ 44 Answers to Correspondents 121 mania by Davies Bros. Pty.
Power Supply for Transistors 52 Crossword __ __ .. 127 Ltd.; "Mercury," Hobart.
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Radio, Television & Hobbies, April, 1962 3
,0
V
An artist's representation of the new
de Havilland "Trident" jetliner in
flight, showing its "clean" lines.
New Look for the shorter air routes with
TRI-MOTOR JETS
Currently under development are two new aircraft which, in a couple Trident has been designed as the
years or so, could change the face of Australia's internal airlines. One, "optimum" short-to-medium range air-
liner. Many new features have been
as pictured on our cover, is currently being test flown—the de Havilland
incorporated, not only with a view to
DH 121 "Trident". The other is still in the prototype building stage— increasing its overall efficiency and relia-
the Boeing 727. bility, but also with an eye to passenger
comfort and safety.
BOTH are of about the same size their mutual advantage, both technically The short-to-medium range airliner is
the Boeing is slightly the larger— and commercially. 1 perhaps the most important aircraft at
and both have about the same order Be that as it may", de Havilland got present, since the bulk of air traffic
of performance. They look very much away to a flying start to the extent that throughout the world is carried on hauls
alike, the most notable departure from their new Trident prototype is already of less than 1,500 miles. Many airlines
present practice being the use of three in the air carrying the B.E.A. (British in this field, particularly in Australia,
fan-jet motors grouped around the tail Empire Airways) emblems. At the time operate on runways only 6,000 feet in
assembly. of writing, it has chalked up some 25 length. Thus the Trident, which was
Designed for shorter-haul work, they lest flights, without turning up any major designed specifically around this range
will carry 80 to 100 passengers for stage problems. and runway length application, should
lengths up to about 1,500 miles, with a The Boeing is still in the hangars, prove a major advance in air technology.
mhiugmh orcdrueris ionfg opspereaetdin gs heocuolndo mbye. Mbeattxeir- fwuittuhr ei,t s bmuta idliepnp efdli gfhot r soamboeuwt heDreec einm btheer FIRST VERSION
than 600 m.p.h. and, no less important, this year. The Trident I, which is the version
the planes will operate from runways of Both firms face a lengthy program of chosen by B.E.A. in its initial order
less than 6,000 feet. flight proving and testing before their of 24, will carry 77 passengers (18 first-
respective designs are frozen for quantity class, 59 economy class) or alternatively
EXISTING RUNWAYS production and supply to the airlines. 101 economy-class passengers. The cabin
De Havilland is talking of the Trident width is such that spacious comfort,
They will therefore be able to operate going into actual passenger service about equal to that in the world's largest air-
from existing runways in all Australian May-June, 1963. Boeing is apparently liners, is possible even with six-abreast
capital cities, as well as a large pro- hoping to concertina their test program type seating.
portion of the intervening emergency to get their 727 into service by December These passenger loads, with more than
strips. of the same year. a ton of freight, can be carried on
Though de Havilland, at least, can It is obviously important to Boeing practical stages of nearly 1,000 miles.
point to tentative plans dating back to that they do not lag de Havilland by It has an all-up weight of 107,000
1946, it is commonly believed that the too much, otherwise some of the hun- pounds, a maximum speed of 606 m.p.h.
real inspiration for these new "second dred or more orders which they currently (0.875 the speed of sound) and an
generation" short-haul jets was the very hold for 727s could be switched to the optimum cruising speed of 585 m.p.h.
successful French "Caravelle" design, British company. Just how does the Trident operate on
which showed the advantages of putting Assuming that nothing happens to short airstrips? First, the rearward
the power plants where they could do cause such a switch, it seems likely at mounting of the engines leaves the wings
most good and least harm—right near present that both types will make their "clean" aerodynamically, so that the
the tail. appearance in Australia, operated by the uninterrupted flaps can produce increased
There is even talk of early discussions rival major airlines. " lift.
between de Havilland and Boeing to From the information currently avail- Secondly, it incorporates a "droop
"rationalise" a new tri-motor design to able, it is evident that the de Havilland snoot" or tillable false leading edge to
Radio, Television & Hobbies, April, 1962
the wings. The "snoot" is coupled fit neatly into the belly. Despite its response, high efficiency, good thrust-to-
mechanically to the flaps on the trailing somewhat odd appearance, the offset weight ratio and high fuel economy.
edge, so that wing camber is increased. wheel apparently functions just as well Low jet velocity is a feature of the Spey
The lift is thus markedly increased at as the usual centrally-placed type. engine, which results in decreased noise.
low speeds and high angles, giving the Rearward mounting of the engines Coupled with its major aeronautical
craft short take-off and landing distances. improves the cabin noise position greatly. improvements, the Trident embodies
At full flaps, the snoot is depressed Apart from this, the engine access is special features to reduce its airport
at an angle of 35 degrees. This gives excellent and four men can reputedly halts to a few minutes. This results in
sufficient lift to allow the wheels to be change the centre engine in under two a high operating efficiency and economy
lifted from the runway at speeds of only hours. on local services.
80-90 m.p.h. The three-engine formula, pioneered by Due to its exceptionally strong con-
Right from the outset, the Trident de Havilland, gives very high speed- struction. the craft is able to land at
was designed to incorporate the "Auto economy characteristics for short-haul up to 95 per cent of its gross take-off
Flare" automatic approach and landing work. The direct operating costs arc weight. It is thus especially suitable for
system, enabling the aircraft to land estimated at only Id per seat mile. In multiple short-hop service, as it will
under "zero-zero" conditions with safety addition, the compact nature of arrive with plenty of fuel and be able
and reliability. The standard Instrument the power compartment permits a wide to leave without replenishing.
Landing System (I.L.S.) is used, which range of variants on the basic design, For instance, after taking off at its
does not require leader cables on the so that the requirements of most airlines maximum all-up weight it can re-land
approaches to the airfield. can be covered. after only 25 minutes flying (representing
1. WEATHER RADAR SCANNER 28. LAVATORY (ONE FORWARD; TWO AFT)
2. FORWARD RETRACTINO NOflE GEAR; DUAL 30. AFT INTEGRAL PASSENGER STAIRS
WHEELS WITH BRAKES 31 WINDOWS: THREE-PANE ACRYLIC PLASTIC
3. OUTWARD OPENING FORWARD PLUO-TTPE ON 20" SPACING
PASSENGER ENTRY DOOR 32. FAIL-SAFE FUSELAGE STRUCTURE; 8EM1-
4. INTKORAL PASSENGER STAIRS (TELESCOPE MONOCOQUE. ALUMINUM ALLOY SKIN,
UNDER FLOOR) STRINGERS Z-TYPE FRAMES
5. COAT CLOSET 33. CONTROL CABL.
i. WING CENTER SECTION CONTAINIHG 34. LIFE RAFT STOWAGE
BLADDER-TYPE FUEL CELLS 35. WING LEADING EDGE AND ENGINE INLETS
T. KRUEGER FLAP ANTI-ICED BY ENGINE BLEED AIR
S. MAIN LANDING GEAR; DUAL WHEELS. 36 RETRACTABLE TAIL SKID
INWARD RETRACTING 37. FUEL DUMP CHUTE
8- LEADING EDGE SLATS 38. OVERHEAD AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
10. AILERON CONTROL TAB (HIDE WALL SYSTEM NOT SHOWN)
11. LOW SPEED OUTBOARD AILERON
It. FLIGHT SPEED BRAKES AND LATERAL
CONTROL SPOILERS.
13. JDOH SPEED INBOARD AILERON
14. GROUND SPEED BRAKES
IB. PRATT ft WHITNEY JT8D TURBOFAN ENGINE 7*
(14,000 LBS STATIC THRUST)
16. THRUST REVERSER UNTT WITH COVERING
DOOR
17. INTAKE DUCT FOR CENTER ENGINE
18. CENTER ENGINE
18. DUAL. SEPARATELY POWERED RUDDER «
SEGMENTS
20. MOVABLE HORIZONTAL STABILIZER
21. ELEVATOR
22. ELEVATOR CONTROL TAB
23. REAR PLUG-TYPE PASSENGER ENTRY DOOR
(INWARD OPENING)
24. CENTER ENGINE AIR INLET
28. TOURIST SECTION (SIX ABREAST SEATINO)
26. TRIPLE SLOTTED. HIGH LIFT TRAILING
EDGE FLAPS
27. DOUBLE UNTT MID-CABIN GALLEY
26. FIRST CLASS SECTION (FOUR ABREAST ^
SEATINO @
0°
As part of the automatic landing Abova is a cut-away drawing of the Boeing 727 tri-motor ictliner. Similar in
system, the Trident features the Smiths many respects to the Trident, it features a retracting stairway beneath the
SEP5 autopilot, which is a major toil and "booster" flaps along both edges of the wings. Three Pratt and Whitney
advance in automatic navigation. The turbofan engines are used.
automatic pilot and sensitive altimeter „ .... . , .... ,
unit are combined with a computer Close grouping of the three engines about 180 statute miles) and still have
which predicts the exact moment to a' 'he rear enables the three self- fuel for a further flight of 700 miles,
change the attitude for a correct landing, contained power systems to be operated Alternatively, it could cover three 200
The altimeter used is an STC type in parallel, giving a "triplex" flying mile flights without refuelling.
STR-40 FM radio altimeter, and is control layout. This gives greatly Incidentally, the actual fuel loading
completely transistorised, apart'from the improved simplicity in operation and, in time has been reduced to only about
output valve. 'he event of an engine failure, no 15 minutes, which would result in very
The fuselage of the aircraft relies upon change-over procedure is required to short turnover times even at the fuelling
"big ring" members to achieve a high restore balance. stops. The fuel input quantity to the
strength; this apparently posed problems The engines used are Rolls-Royce tanks is pre-set, ensuring correct loading
regarding the position occupied by the "Spey" power units, which use the same even when the aircraft is standing on
retracted nose wheel. The designers over- by-pass principle as the well-known uneven ground. The fuel capacity is
came the problem by retracting the "Conway" engine. The total thrust of 5,800 gallons — equal to 13.5 tons,
wheel sideways rather than lengthways, the three engines is 31,000 pounds, the At intermediate stops, the installation
offsetting the mounting to allow it to Spey units combining rapid power of an auxiliary power turbine enables
Radio, Television & Hobbies, April, 19b'A 5
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6 Radio, Television ft Hobbies, April, 7962
--
SUCCESSOR FOR VISCOUNT?
•>
9
»•
Described as the successor to the Viscount this twin-engined aircraft is the
new British Aircraft Corporation "One-Cleven." It is designed expressly for
short-haul work, and can carry 69 passengers at 540 m.p.h. As the appear-
ance would suggest, the craft uses the same rear-engine construction as the
Trident and Boeing 727 jetliners described in the text. In fact, the engines
used are the same Rolls-Royce Spey types used in the Trident.
the Trident to be completely independent type. The internal arrangement is quite complete plate-door surface forms the
of ground facilities. The turbine provides similar to that of the Trident, with exhaust deflecting assembly,
power to operate air-conditioning, elec- roughly the same first and economy-class The engines have a static thrust of
tricity supplies and a retractable folding accommodation. 14,000 pounds each, giving the aircraft
staircase for exit and entry. Truly, all Similar to that of the Trident, there a total thrust of 42,000 pounds. With a
the Trident requires is a strip of reason- is an integral retracting stairway avail- gross weight of 140,000 pounds at take-
ably level ground! able for the front passenger entrance, off, the 727 is able to lift from the
Specifications for the Trident, apart In addition, there is an under-tail pas- concrete after only 3,500-4,000 feet, and
from those already mentioned, are: pay. ssnger entrance and retracting stairway, would require only a 5,000 ft airfield
load, 21,000 pounds; maximum range, designed to speed passenger handling, in practice. Landing distances are of the
1850 miles; weight, 105,000 pounds The three engines used in the 727 are order of 2,000 feet,
(takeoff); typical cruising altitude, 35,- made by Pratt and Whitney, being With their outstanding performance on
000ft; cost. £1,200,000 (stg.). The length designated the type JT8D1. They are short-to-medium distance hauls, the dc
is II 4ft 9 ins. span 89fl 10 ins, and apparently similar to the R-R. Spey Havilland Trident and Boeing 727 air-
distance to top of tail, 27ft 6 ins. units. An ingenious innovation is the liners should prove highly suitable for
way in which the thrust reversers are Australian airways. Providing economical
FLIGHT TIMES covered by doors during flight. For the operation, fast efficient service and im-
actual reversing operation, the doors proved safety, they seem destined to
Quoted flight times tor the Trident
swing out as the "clamshell" deflector revolutionise the internal air transport
over local hops are; Sydney to Mel-
plates swing into the exhaust, and thesystems of many countries.
bourne. 45 minutes; Sydney to Adelaide,
80 minutes; Adelaide to Perth, 150 min-
utes and Sydney to Brisbane, 50 min-
utes.
As the photographs show, the Boeing AIRLINES CLOSED-CIRCUIT TV
727 is very similar in appearance to the
CLOSED-CIRCUIT television has been installed in the MacRobertson Miller
Trident. Due to the limited amount of
Airline building at Perth airport terminal for relaying flight information
information available, it is difficult to
say just how far the similarity goes, but and announcements. These are shown on a standard TV receiver in the pas-
it is evident that there are at least minor senger lounge.
differences, The receiver is tuned to local television stations for entertainment pro-
To obtain its increased lift and con- grams and. by using remote control, an operator is able to interrupt the
sequent short take-off distance, the Boe- regular program to present the Airline's announcements.
ing 727 uses a combination of non-
The installation was carried out by Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia)
tiltable, but retracting, front and rear
Ltd.
lifting slats. The leading edge slats are
of two types, one set extending from An A.W.A. 23in receiver is connected by cables to a 'Television Analyst."
wing-tips 2/3rds of the way in, and the Normally, this is a device used to place a test pattern on the screen of a re-
other set (Krueger Flaps) covering the ceiver to help in identifying faults. In the present case, a message, typed on
inner l/3rd of the wing. The trailing a transparent slide is inserted into the "Analyst" and is shown on the receiver
slats are triple-extending and may be screen.
separated, to further extend the lifting The advantage of the system is that passengers watching television pro-
area. grams become immediately aware of the airline information, whereas they
Due to the type of fuselage construc- could fail to hear a message relayed over amplifiers. The installation has
tion employed in the Boeing, the nose also reduced noise level in the passenger lounge.
wheel is of the normal forward-retracting
Radio, Television & Hobbies, April, 1962
a ne easure
of
acoustic
realism:
ll:.
.1
8TAX
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The ST AX has two co-axial radiating elements combined with automatic
mechanical crossover: a fibrous lightweight vacuum-formed bass diaphragm
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mid ranges, and a hard, high-frequency precision flare with that vibrant
handling of transients which makes modern sound reproduction so dramatically
realistic. The motor unit is M.S.P.'s proven Hi-Flux assembly, a very
efficient, closed-field, low-leakage magnet system of high inherent sensitivity.
The precision-wound voice coil has low inertia for optima! power conversion.
The deep-drawn, extra rigid frame and corrugated high-stability centring,
device ensure true axial movement of acting parts and keep them in permanent
alignment. The frame has the largest open area to provide minimum acoustic
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The 8TAX gives an exciting, integrated performance in high fidelity
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There are also sereral single cone types in the new 8" series: a general purpose speaker (preferred
standards 50028/80A/3 and S0029/80A/15), a higher sensitivity type (S0077/8TA/3 and 50033/8TA/15)
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H. F. RESPONSE 8000 cps 8000 cps 12,000 cps
VOICE COIL
IMPEDANCE 15 ohms 3 and 15 ohms 3 and 15 ohms
VOICE COIL DIA. J inch 1 inch 1 inch
POWER HANDLING 6 watts 8 watts 8 watts
ABILITY (PEAK)
TOTAL GAP FLUX 23.000 lines 37,000 lines 37,000 lines
AIR GAP FLUX DENSITY 9.500 gauss 9,400 gauss 9.400 gauss
BAFFLE OPENING 7 inches 7 inches 7 inches
MOUNTING HOLE CENTRES 7S inch PCD 7S inch PCD 7fj inch PCD
MAXIMUM DEPTH 3-1/16 inch , 3J inch 31 inch
M
* Latest addition to the MSP Hi-Flux Range.
SB
MANUFACTURERS SPECIAL PRODUCTS PTY. LTD.
47 York Street, Sydney.
8 Radio, Television & Hobbies, April, 1962