Radio Monitoring

486 Pages·2018·20.937 MB·English

by  Anatoly M. Rembovsky, Alexander V. Ashikhmin, Vladimir A. Kozmin, Sergey M. Smolskiy

Signals and Communication Technology
Anatoly M. Rembovsky
Alexander V. Ashikhmin
Vladimir A. Kozmin
Sergey M. Smolskiy
Radio
Monitoring
Automated Systems and Their
Components
Signals and Communication Technology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4748
Anatoly M. Rembovsky Alexander V. Ashikhmin
(cid:129)
Vladimir A. Kozmin Sergey M. Smolskiy
(cid:129)
Radio Monitoring
Automated Systems and Their Components
123
AnatolyM. Rembovsky Vladimir A.Kozmin
JSCIRCOS JSCIRCOS
Moscow Moscow
Russia Russia
Alexander V.Ashikhmin Sergey M.Smolskiy
JSCIRCOS Moscow Power EngineeringInstitute
Moscow Moscow
Russia Russia
ISSN 1860-4862 ISSN 1860-4870 (electronic)
Signals andCommunication Technology
ISBN978-3-319-74276-2 ISBN978-3-319-74277-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74277-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018935862
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
Printedonacid-freepaper
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerInternationalPublishingAG
partofSpringerNature
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
At present, we observe the exciting modernization of wireless technologies: the
radio communication and radio broadcasting systems, the television systems, and
the wireless data transmission. This modernization is directed to increasing of
capacity, spectral efficiency, noise immunity, and it is performed on the base of
complex modulation types with code and time division, ultra-wideband signals,
adaptation to the environment, redistribution and reuse of radio frequencies, etc.
Inthecivilarea,theDVB-T2digitaltelevisionsystemsofthesecondgeneration
are replacing now the previous first-generation DVB-T digital systems. The
second-generation system provides increasing of information transmission rate up
to30%asminimum.Insteadoflocalwirelessaccesssystemsofthea,b,g,nWi-Fi
standards, the systems of the ac standard arewidely used withthe capacity, which
value is more in order. In cellular communication networks, the LTE technology
has got wide distribution, which has significant advantages compared to the pre-
vious UMTS technology.
In the military area, the fast development of wireless communications and
control technologies is observed. The conception of modern war assumes the
system usage of the military equipment and armaments integrated in the unified
stable information network, which should ensure delivering of the reliable and
complete information about situation and orders of headquarters to all participants
inrealtime.Systemsofwirelesstelecommunications,whichareusedatallcontrol
levels beginning from the tactical unit and finishing at the strategic level, are
concerned as key elements of the military information network.
Methods of radio monitoring should be improved after its object variation. To
them, we can relate the combined electromagnetic situation, including the occu-
pancy of radio ranges and frequencies, the acting radio electronic equipment, the
high-frequency industrial, medical and scientific installations, the sources of
industrial interferences. In order to manage with the growing stream of more
complicated tasks without increasing of the employees’ quantity, the modern
automatedcontrolsystemsshouldbeused.Applicationofsimilarsystemsincreases
rate and accuracy of radio monitoring tasks fulfillment, releases the operating
personnel from routine jobs, and essentially increases the labor productivity.
v
vi Preface
The Russian IRCOS Company works at Russian and international markets
during 25 years. For a quarter of a century, this company made a way from the
development and delivery of the radio monitoring equipment with limited func-
tionalityonthebaseofimported radioreceivers uptothemodernmulti-functional
high-performance equipment of the own manufacture and the automated radio
monitoring systems. This equipment integrates both the equipment of the own
production and the equipment of other companies-manufacturers. The automated
systems delivered during more than five last years are intended for application in
thecivilandmilitaryagencies,theyprovideautomaticplannedandoperativemodes
under the operator control and use the risk-oriented eventual mechanisms of
functioning, and they are able to operate effectively at district, regional, and
national levels.
Thisbookwidensthematerialsofbooks“RadioMonitoring:Problems,Methods
and Equipment. Springer Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2009” and it is
based on the new research results of the automated radio monitoring systems
development, obtained by radio and electronic engineers, experts in the software
and researchers of the IRCOS Company. That includes constructions and features
of radio monitoring equipment, architectures of the software, methods and pro-
cessing algorithms for radio signals, which purpose are search and detection of
radio emissions, measurement of their parameters, identification of radio emission
sources and their localization in the open territory and inside the rooms.
In Chap. 1, the architecture of the automated systems is considered, which are
purposedtobeusedatnational,regionalanddistrictlevelsbythecivilandmilitary
agencies. The features of automation units are described, which consist of the
radio monitoring equipment, the engineering-technical infrastructure, and the
complex of software packets. The examples of the ARMADA and ASU RCHS
“Universiada-2013” automated systems constructions are given.
Chapter2isdevotedtomethodsofrevelationofunauthorizedradioemissionsin
the engineering objects, in the rooms, in the open territory. The sources of unau-
thorized emissions are considered, the stages of their revelation, the equipment for
radio monitoring to be used; the examples of the AREAL automated system con-
struction are given depending on application conditions: along the lengthy
boundary, in the restricted part of the open territory, within the limits of the
completely closed territory, in rooms, etc. Some typical variants of the system
construction are described.
Chapter 3 is devoted to the software architecture, which controls the automated
system functioning. The software unifies the geographically distributed equipment
of radio monitoring, provides users interaction with equipment on the base of the
risk-oriented eventual mechanism and centralized data storage, automatically con-
trols the system status, forms the accounting and report documentation, and
interacts with external informational systems.
Chapter 4 contains information on engineering infrastructure of the automated
systems. The arrangement of control centers and points, radio monitoring points,
applicationofcommunicationlinesbetweenthenodesoftheautomatedsystemare
discussed.
Preface vii
Chapter 5 considers components of the automated systems, which provide the
radio monitoring functions fulfillment: digital radio receivers (DRR), automated
radio direction-finders, and manpack radio monitoring equipment including their
construction and methods for signal processing.
InChap.6,measuringmethodsforradiosignalparametersarediscussed,which
are necessary to control frequency-spatial plans of the radio communications ser-
vice: the central frequency of analog and digital signals, the width of occupied
frequency band, the electromagnetic field strength, the radio interference intensity,
as well as the occupancy of the radio frequency spectrum.
In Chap. 7, on the base of the general approach to goniometric, amplitude,
temporal, frequency, and time difference of arrival methods of measurements, the
algorithms of radio emission sources localization are synthesized. Examples of
constructions of time difference of arrival systems are given, and algorithms for
synchronization of radio receivers included in the systems are examined, which is
necessary for radio emission sources location calculation with high accuracy.
Chapter 8 is devoted to TV and radio broadcasting signals monitoring. The
peculiaritiesofdigitalTVsignalstechnology,theanalyzerofdigitalTVsignalsare
described as well as the automated complex for multi-channel monitoring of the
broadcast content.
In Chap. 9, the reader will be acquainted with problems of construction and
functioning of the set of radio signal analyzers for digital communication and data
transmission technology including GSM, UMTS, LTE, DMR, APCO P25, Wi-Fi
technologies,whichusethedigitalradioreceiversoftheARGAMAK-familyasthe
basing equipment, which provide a possibility of radio signal analysis both at the
standard and non-standard frequencies.
Moscow, Russia Anatoly M. Rembovsky
Alexander V. Ashikhmin
Vladimir A. Kozmin
Sergey M. Smolskiy
Acknowledgements
We thank our colleagues from the IRCOS Company for their support and
encouragement in writing this book in spite of high everyday workload. Without
their enthusiastic help, this book would not have become a reality.
We are grateful to the design engineers Alexander Sergienko, Michael
Spazhakin, Alexander Polyakov, Pavel Pershin, and Alexander Litvinov for
assistance at describing constructions, functions, and peculiarities of digital radio
receivers and radio direction-finders; this information was included in all chapters
of the book.
WewouldalsoliketoshowourgratitudetothesoftwaredevelopersDr.Andrey
Zhukov, Dr. Andrey Pyatunin, Dr. Sergey Korochin, Anton Novikov, Pavel
Alexeev, Dmitry Bocharov, Oleg Bespalov, Alexander Provotorov, the SQA
engineers Denis Radchenko, Igor Myakinin, the software analysts Dr. Artem
Avdushin, Dmitry Sysoev, Dmitry Alekseev, the system administrators Sergey
BarkalovandMaximLushinforgreatsupportatpreparingmaterialsaboutsoftware
functions and interface, architecture and infrastructure of radio monitoring auto-
mated systems, and for development of special examples of software operation,
which were included in all chapters of the book.
We especially would like to acknowledge the contribution of technical director
Alexander Bogdanov who provided information about radio signals modulation
analysis to Chap. 2.
We would like to thank the researcher Dr. Anton Tokarev and test engineer
Dmitry Gnezdilov for investigations in measurements of radio signals and radio
interferencesparameters,radiofrequencyspectrumoccupancy.Resultsofthiswork
were included in Chap. 6 of the book.
A special gratitude goes out to the researchers Dr. Vladimir Manelis, Dr. Igor
Kaykov,andDr.VladimirSladkih,whosehelpenabledustowriteChaps.8and9
dedicated to analysis algorithms of radio communication systems digital signals
parametersanddatatransferandtheirrealizationintheradiomonitoringequipment.
ix
x Acknowledgements
We would also like to emphasize the contributions of the researcher Dr. Igor
Kryzhko for supporting us with materials about radio signal sources localization,
including advanced time difference of arrival method, which were described in
Chap. 7, and supporting us with materials about analyzers of the parameters of
digital signals, which are included in Chap. 9
We should also mention Sergeeva Evgenia for advising when translating the
book and Anna Avdushina for preparing pictures and diagrams for it.
Anatoly M. Rembovsky
Alexander V. Ashikhmin
Vladimir A. Kozmin
Sergey M. Smolskiy