Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Acknowledgments Part I: The Known Knowns 1 What is Radicalism? The study of movements, revolution, and terrorism Conceptualizing terrorism Conceptualizing revolution Conceptualizing radicalism The chapters to come Notes 2 Who is Radical? Individual participation in radicalism Social support for radicalism Radical leaderships The social psychology of radicalism Summary Notes 3 How Do Radical Movements Organize? Types of radical organizations Networks and recruitment to movements 2 Revolutionary coalitions Radical flanks, spillover, and spill-out Summary Notes 4 When and Where Does Radicalism Occur? Structural causes of radicalism Regime type and radicalism The role of civil society and media Global and historical contexts of radicalism Summary Notes Part II: The Known Unknowns 5 Is Radicalism about Ideas and Ideology? Culture and action in radicalism Culture and structure in radicalism Religion and terrorism Ideology and the course of revolution Summary 6 Is There a Life Cycle of Radicalism? Repertoires of contention and innovation Repression and elite adaptation Outcomes of radicalism 3 A modest proposal: From revolutionary coalitions to outcomes Summary Notes 7 How and Why Does Radicalism Diffuse in Waves? Channels of diffusion Actors, social similarity, and relevance in diffusion Time, space, and context of radical waves Summary Notes 8 What is the Past and Future of Radicalism? The future of radicals, revolutionaries, and terrorists References Index End User License Agreement Figures 1.1 Percentage of articles and books indexed in Sociological Abstracts and Worldwide Political Science Abstracts by subject heading, 1970–2013 1.2 Conceptualizing radicalism, revolution, and terrorism 4 4.1 Regimes and propensity for contention type 6.1 The co-evolution of repertoires and repression in radicalism 6.2 Dominant partners in coalitions and outcomes of revolutions 7.1 The diffusion process 8.1 Radicals, revolutionaries, or terrorists? Tables 2.1 Examples of studies on participants in radical movements 3.1 Basic organizational structures, common contexts, and examples of radical, revolutionary, and terrorist groups 5.1 Different approaches to understanding ideology and militant Islam 7.1 Transnational conditions, diffusion, and radical waves 5 Social Movements series Colin J. Beck, Radicals, Revolutionaries, and Terrorists Stephanie Luce, Labor Movements: Global Perspectives David Walls, Community Organizing: Fanning the Flame of Democracy 6 Radicals, Revolutionaries, and Terrorists Colin J. Beck polity 7 Copyright © Colin J. Beck 2015 The right of Colin J. Beck to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2015 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-9817-5 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beck, Colin J. Radicals, revolutionaries, and terrorists / Colin J. Beck. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7456-6211-4 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7456-6212-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. 8 Radicalism. 2. Revolutions. 3. Terrorism. I. Title. HN49.R33B43 2015 303.48'4--dc23 2014043389 The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure thattheURLsforexternalwebsitesreferredtointhis book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com 9 For Soc 121, past, present, and future 10
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