Radical Relations: Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and Their Children in the United States since World War II PDF
Preview Radical Relations: Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and Their Children in the United States since World War II
Radical Relations gender and american culture Coeditors Thadious M. Davis Mary Kelley Editorial Advisory Board Nancy Cott Jane Sherron De Hart John D’Emilio Linda K. Kerber Annelise Orleck Nell Irvin Painter Janice Radway Robert Reid-Pharr Noliwe Rooks Barbara Sicherman Cheryl Wall Emerita Board Members Cathy N. Davidson Sara Evans Annette Kolodny Wendy Martin A complete list of books published in Gender and American Culture is available at w ww.uncpress.unc.edu. Radical Relations Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and Their Children in the United States since World War II Daniel Winunwe Rivers the university of north carolina press Chapel Hill This book was published with the assistance of the Anniversary Endowment Fund of the University of North Carolina Press. © 2013 the university of north carolina press All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Designed by Sally Scruggs. Set in Quadraat by codeMantra. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. The University of North Carolina Press has been a member of the Green Press Initiative since 2003. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rivers, Daniel Winunwe. Radical relations : lesbian mothers, gay fathers, and their children in the United States since World War II / Daniel Winunwe Rivers. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-1-4696-0718-4 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Gay parents—United States—History. 2. Children of gay parents— United States—History. 3. Families—United States—History. 4. Gay rights— United States—History. I. Title. hq 75.28.u 6 r 58 2013 306.874086ʹ64—dc23 2013001366 Parts of this book have been reprinted with permission in revised form from “In the Best Interests of the Child: Lesbian and Gay Parenting Custody Cases, 1967– 1985,” Journal of Social History 43, no. 4 (Summer 2010): 917–43. 17 16 15 14 13 5 4 3 2 1 In memory of my best friend, Shem Tsipur, and the lesbian households we grew up in This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 chapter 1 Families in Hiding Lesbian and Gay Parents and Their Children, 1945–1969 / 11 chapter 2 The Seeds of Change Forging Lesbian and Gay Families, 1950–1969 / 32 chapter 3 In the Best Interests of the Child Lesbian and Gay Parenting Custody Cases, 1967–1985 / 53 chapter 4 Lesbian Mother Activist Organizations, 1971–1980 / 80 chapter 5 Gay Fathers Groups, 1975–1992 / 111 chapter 6 The Culture of Lesbian Feminist Households with Children in the 1970s / 139 chapter 7 She Does Not Draw Distinctions Based on Blood or Law The Lesbian/Gay-by Boom, 1980–2003 / 173 Epilogue Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and Their Children after Lawrence v. Texas / 207 Notes 217 Bibliography 267 Index 281 This page intentionally left blank Illustrations Blue and Linda Lunden, New York, mid-1960s / 26 Linda Lunden, Jeanie Meurer, and Blue Lunden, Jones Beach, New York, 1960 / 36 Norma Jean Coleman and Beverly, a butch/femme couple, and Beverly’s daughter, Dennie Sue, 1958 / 38 Doris (“Big Daddy”) King, Stormy Weather, and Blue Lunden, New Orleans, 1954 / 41 Bonita Jeffries with her daughter, Ira, and Ira’s girlfriend, Snowbaby, Harlem, 1948 / 44 Mary Jo Risher leaving the courtroom after losing custody of her son, Dallas, Texas, 1975 / 60 Jeanne Jullion speaking at a rally organized on her behalf, San Francisco, 1977 / 65 Men at a rally for Jeanne Jullion, San Francisco, 1977 / 66 Margaret Wales, Rosemary Dempsey, and their children, Trenton, New Jersey, 1979 / 76 Flyer for a Lesbian Mothers Union benefit auction, San Francisco, Mother’s Day, 1973 / 85 Members of the Lesbian Defense Fund, Essex County, Vermont, announcing their custody victory onstage at the Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival, 1977 / 89 Jeanne Jullion and her sons at home, Berkeley, California, 1977 / 90 Jeanne Jullion rally, San Francisco, 1977 / 92 Flyer for a Mary Jo Risher benefit sponsored by the Huntington, New York, Mary Jo Risher Appeal Fund, April 19, 1976 / 93 Carole Morton with a sign that reads “Mothers of the World Come Out,” Christopher Street Liberation Day march, New York, 1971 / 99
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