Radical Feminism This page intentionally left blank Radical Feminism Feminist Activism in Movement Finn Mackay UniversityoftheWestofEngland,UK ©FinnMackay2015 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedherrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN978–1–137–36357–2 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. Thisbookisdedicatedto: Mypreciousgrandma,MargaretWalker(1924–2005), towhomIoweeverything Myfriendandacademiccolleague JoScamellMSc(1960–2011),awomanwhowalked thewalkaswellastalkedthetalk This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgements viii 1 Introduction:Whymarchthroughthisbook? 1 2 Surf’sup:SurfingtheSecondWave 33 3 Feministtendencies 54 4 FromBrusselstoLeeds,SanFrancisco,Delhi: TheglobalmarchofReclaimtheNight 71 5 Tendingtoborders 103 6 Repetitionsperdecade:Voicesofactivistspast andpresent 133 7 From‘women’to‘mixed’ 158 8 InclusionandexclusiononReclaimtheNight 204 9 Motivationsanddestinations:Whatdofeminists want? 260 10 Conclusion:Therallyandafter-party 288 HowtoorganiseaReclaimtheNightmarch 294 Getactive!Usefulwebsites 299 Bibliography 301 Index 323 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my editor Andrew James at Palgrave for always being enthusiastic and honest; the team have been really helpful through the process of writing this book. All the people I have met at fem- inist conferences and events, as well as the students I have taught, have helped me by asking questions and by presenting challenges for feminist theory; I have tried to answer some of them here. I owe thanks and gratitude to all the activists who took time to be inter- viewed in my research. I would also like to thank Eaves Housing for Women and Isobel, who said ‘go for it’ in 2004. Becca Morden and all the women on the Reclaim the Night Organising Committees past and present are due great thanks for their tireless activism and abilities to get things done. I thank all those Amazon women who I have marched alongside in the London Femi- nistNetworkandtheLondonReclaimtheNight(RTN). Some of those women are no longer with us and are sadly missed; in particular, I take this opportunity to remember the work of warrior woman and genuine Amazon, Claudia Da Silva (1948–2012), founder of the London Centre for Personal Safety who provided fem- inist self-defence at our Feminism in London Confer- ences. Thanks are due to the inspiring activists named in this book, founders of the original UK RTN – Al GarthwaiteandSandraMcNeill.Iamblessedandproud to call them friends, sisters and comrades. Greenham Women and Peace Women everywhere have also been part of my feminist journey, and in particular, I owe Acknowledgements ix a debt to one of the founders of Greenham Common, Helen John, who has always been an inspiration. The University of the West of England provided me with an office while I completed the book and thanks are due to all my colleagues in the sociology department. Last, but not least, thanks are due to my wife, Rosie Buckland, whoreadseveraldraftsandgaveinvaluablesuggestions, and also my cat Isambard, who regularly sat on the manuscript and provided a welcomedistraction. Finally, thanks to the women who provided endorse- ments and reviews of the book. I am truly humbled and honoured. The latter section of this book on how to organise an RTN march started life originally as a blog. Sections of Chapter 8 are also reproduced from a blog for the Feminist & Women’s Studies Association, first published online in June 2013. Some sections of Chapter 4 were developed from an article originally published in the Women’sStudiesInternationalForum(2014),44,pp.46–54. ISSN 0277-5395 and are reproduced with permission from Elsevier.
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