Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology

339 Pages·1976·23.142 MB·English

by  Paltridge, G. W.

ISBN 0-444-41444-4
GARTH W. PALTRIDGE obtained his B.Sc. with
Honours from the University of Queensland in
RADIATIVE PROCESSES IN
1961, his M.Sc. in Atmospheric Physics from the
University of Melbourne the following year, and METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
his Ph.D. in Atmospheric Physics in 1965 whilst
a Resident Tutor in Physics. From 1965 to 1968 by G.W. PALTRIDGE and C.M.R. PLATT,
he was Post-Doctoral Fellow at the N.M.I.M.T., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
New Mexico, then Senior Scientific Officer at Research Organization, Division of
the Science Research Council's Radio and Space
Atmospheric Physics, Aspendale, Victoria,
Research Station in England. Currently, he is
Australia.
Principal Research Scientist at the Common­
wealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organi­
DEVELOPMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC
zation, Division of Atmoshperic Physics, Australia,
where he is Leader of the Radiation Group within SCIENCE, 5
that Division. In 1969 he shared the receipt of an
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers There is a sizeable gap in the literature be­
Research Premium, was awarded a World Mete­ tween the single chapter on radiation to be
orological Organization Research Prize in 1974, found in a number of textbooks on general
and the David Syme Research Prize from the
meteorology and some highly theoretical
University of Melbourne in 1975. Garth Paltridge
treatises on radiative transfer. The gap occurs
is a Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society
at just the level required by experimental at­
and Member of the International Radiation Com­
mission. mospheric physicists, meteorologists and
climatologists seeking to take account of
radiative processes in their models.
The present book is pitched at this level. It is
aimed at the physicist rather than the mathe­
matician. The major theme is the parameter­
ization of radiation processes in a usable form
for practicable problems, with particular
emphasis on the rather difficult areas of
radiation transfer in clouds and aerosols. The
book aims to give a coherent account of radia­
tive processes in the atmosphere and their
C. MARTIN PLATT received his Honours degree interactions with basic weather systems and
in Physics at Rhodes University, South Africa in climate.
1954 and his M.Sc. in Spectroscopy in 1956. In
The stage is set with an account of the global
1957 he took up the position of Meteorologist in
picture and the fundamental difficulties of à
the East African Meteorological Department,
priori prediction of climate. After an introduc­
Nairobi. He subsequently turned to teaching at
tion to basic theory, subsequent chapters
the University of East Africa (then the Royal
College, Nairobi) and in 1962 returned to research trace the flow of solar energy down through
work for a further five years, at London Univer­ the atmosphere, its interaction with the ground
sity's Queen Mary College as Research Fellow and ocean, the emission of infrared energy
with projects in submillimetre astronomy and from the surface and atmosphere and its flow
low-temperature solid state physics. This was
back to space. The final chapter is devoted to
followed by a further year's teaching at Sunder­
dynamic interactions with smaller scale phe­
land Polytechnic, and in 1968 he received his
nomena.
Ph.D. in Physics from Queen Mary College. In
1969 he took up his present position of Principal
Research Chemist, CSIRO Division of Atmos­
pheric Physics, Victoria, Australia. He is a Mem­
ber of the Institute of Physics and a Fellow of
the Royal Meteorological Society and is presently
in charge of a programme of lidar sensing of the
atmosphere.

Developments in Atmospheric Science, 5
Radiative Processes in Meteorology and Climatology
Further titles in this series
1. F, VERNIANI (Editor)
Structure and Dynamics of the Upper Atmosphere
2. E.E. GOSSARD and W.H. HOOKE
Waves in the Atmosphere
3. L.P. SMITH
Methods in Agricultural Meteorology
4. O. ESSENWANGER
Applied Statistics in Atmospheric Science
Developments in Atmospheric Science, 5
RADIATIVE PROCESSES IN
METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
by
G.W. PALTRIDGE and C.M.R. PLATT
Division of Atmospheric Physics,
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY
Amsterdam - Oxford - New York 1976
ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY
335 Jan van Galenstraat
P.O. Box 211, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
AMERICAN ELSEVIER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
52 Vanderbilt Avenue
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ISBN: ISBN: 0-444-41444-4
Copyright © 1976 by Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher,
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Jan van Galenstraat 335, Amsterdam
Printed in The Netherlands
Preface
Atmospheric radiation is a fairly old discipline which forms the basis of
any general investigation of climate and which enters also into the study of
individual weather processes. Unfortunately, the modem literature on the
subject has developed a certain mystique of its own and is not readily under­
stood by the non-specialist. Apart from the excellent books by Kondratyev,
there is a sizeable gap between the single chapter on radiation to be found in
a number of text-books on general meteorology and the elegant theoretical
treatises on radiative transfer by Goody and by Chandrasekhar. The gap
occurs at just the level required by experimental atmospheric physicists or
by meteorologists seeking to take account of radiative processes in their
models. The present book is pitched at this level. It is aimed at the physicist
rather than the mathematician.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following persons and organizations for per­
mission to use various diagrams and tables.
The Royal Society of London for Table 10.1.
Professor H. J. Bolle for Figs. 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 and 7.9.
Weapons Research Establishment, Salisbury, S.A. for Fig. 9.9.
The Clarendon Press, Oxford for Table 2.2. and Fig. 10.2.
The American Meteorological Society, Boston, Mass., for Figs. 1.2, 1.5,
1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.17, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.10, 5.12,
6.11, 7.8, 7.10, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20, 7.23, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.9, 8.11, 10.3, 10.4,
10.9, and 10.12; Tables 1.2,1.4, 3.2 and 7.6; Figs. A.4 and A.6.
The Royal Meteorological Society, Bracknell, for Figs. 7.13, 7.14, 7.15,
7.16, 7.17, 7.21, 7.22, 7.27, 8.4,10.5 and 10.6; Tables 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4.
The American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., for Figs. 7.1, 9.1,
9.3,10.10, A.3, A.13, A.16; Table 6.2.
D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, for Figs. 1.6, 4.2 and 4.3.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, for Figs. 5.11, 5.13, 6.1, A.l, A.2, A.5 and A.7;
Table 5.1.
Friedr. Vieweg and Sohn, Braunschweig, for Figs. 7.12, 7.25, 7.26, 9.4,
9.6 and 9.7; Table 7.7.
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, for Figs. 1.3 and 6.2;
Table 6.4.
Nature (London), for Table 3.1.
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, N.Y., for Figs. 1.7, 2.2, 2.3, 6.6,
6.7 and 10.1.
The World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, for Fig. 7.28.
The Amerind Publishing Company, New Delhi, for Fig. 6.10.
Tellus for Figs. 2.5, 8.6, 9.10 and A.12.
Icarus for Fig. 8.5 and Table A.5.
Mr. G. Stephens, Department Meteorology, University of Melbourne, for
Figs. 8.13 and 8.14.
Academic Press, New York, N.Y., for Table A.2, Fig. 10.8.
Dr. M. P. Thekaekara, NASA, for Fig. 3.1.
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., for Fig. 3.2.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., for Table 1.1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VII
American Institute of Physics (Optical Society of America), New York,
N.Y., for Figs. 9.2., 2.1, A.14, A.9, A.IO, A.ll; Table A.4.
We would like to thank also Dr. F.A. Person for certain valuable contri­
butions to Chapter 1.