Racism: A Short History

219 Pages·2003·0.75 MB·English

by  George M. Fredrickson

R A C I S M
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD
G E O R G E M. F R E D R I C K S O N
RACISM
A Short
History
Copyright2002byPrincetonUniversityPress
PublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet,
Princeton,NewJersey08540
IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress,
3MarketPlace,Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201SY
AllRightsReserved
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Fredrickson,GeorgeM.,1934–
Racism:ashorthistory/GeorgeM.Fredrickson.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-691-00899-X(alk.paper)
1.Racism—History.2.Racerelations—History.I.Title.
HT1507.F742002
305.8′009—dc21 2001055191
BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable
ThisbookhasbeencomposedinDante
Printedonacid-freepaper.∞
www.pupress.princeton.edu
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
For
Donald Fleming,
mentor and
friend
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C O N T E N T S
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S ix
I N T R O D U C T I O N 1
O N E Religion and the Invention of Racism 15
T W O The Rise of Modern Racism(s):
White Supremacy and Antisemitism in
the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 49
T H R E E Climax and Retreat:
Racism in the Twentieth Century 97
E P I L O G U E
Racism at the Dawn
of the Twenty-First Century 139
A P P E N D I X
The Concept of Racism
in Historical Discourse 151
N O T E S 171
I N D E X 193
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A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S
I
n the course of carrying this project to fruition I have
acquiredmanydebts.ToProfessorConstantinFasoltof
theUniversityofChicagoIowetheoriginalsuggestion
thatIwrite ashortbookonracismin worldhistoricalper-
spective. Although I did not in the end fulfill his hope that
I would contribute such a volume to a series he edits, I
wouldnothavebeenemboldenedtoundertakesomething
of this breadth without his initial encouragement. I want
tothankthePrincetonUniversityPublicLecturesCommit-
tee and Professor Nancy Weiss Malkiel, Dean of the Fac-
ulty, for inviting me to give the series of lectures on which
thisbookisbased.BrigittavanRheinbergofPrincetonUni-
versity Press guided this work from the beginning and
madevaluablerecommendationsconcerningstructureand
emphasis. Providing very helpful critiques of all or part of
themanuscriptatvariousstagesofdevelopmentwereBen-
jamin Braude, Sean Dobson, John Cell, Norman Naimark,
David Nirenberg, John Torpey, Eric Weitz, Howard Wi-
nant, and John Worth. These eminent scholars of course
bear no responsibility for any errors that remain. David
Holland provided invaluable assistance in helping me to
prepare the manuscript for publication.