Race on the Move: Brazilian Migrants and the Global Reconstruction of Race PDF
Preview Race on the Move: Brazilian Migrants and the Global Reconstruction of Race
RACE O N T HE M OVE Stanford Studies in COMPARATIVE R ACE A ND E THNICITY R ACE O N T HE M OV E Brazilian Migrants and the Global Reconstruction of Race Tiffany D. Joseph Stanford University Press Stanford, California Stanford University Press Stanford, California © 2015 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Stanford University Press. Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joseph, Tiffany D., author. Race on the move : Brazilian migrants and the global reconstruction of race / Tiffany D. Joseph. pages cm. — (Stanford studies in comparative race and ethnicity) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8047-9220-2 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8047-9435-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Brazilians—Race identity—United States. 2. Return migrants—Brazil— Governador Valadares—Attitudes. 3. Race—Cross-cultural studies. 4. Ethnicity— Cross-cultural studies. 5. Brazil—Race relations. 6. United States—Race relations. 7. Brazil—Emigration and immigration—Social aspects. 8. United States— Emigration and immigration—Social aspects. I. Title. II. Series: Stanford studies in comparative race and ethnicity. E184.B68J67 2015 305.800981—dc23 2014030848 ISBN 978-0-8047-9439-8 (electronic) To the Valadarenses, who are making Brazil and America every day In loving memory of Zondra Joseph and James Rogers, whose joyous and enduring spirit in the face of adversity continues to inspire me every day CONTENTS Map, Figures, Tables, and Photos ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: Migration and Racial Movement across Borders 1 1. The Brazilian Town That Uncle Sam Built 15 2. Deciphering U.S. Racial Categories 31 3. Navigating the U.S. Racial Divide 54 4. Racial Classification after the Return Home 84 5. Racially Making America in Brazil 106 6. Social Consequences of the Transnational Racial Optic 139 Conclusion: Toward Global Racial (Re)Formations 154 Appendix 167 Notes 181 References 197 Index 217 MAP, F IGURES, T ABLES, AND PH OTOS MAP Brazil and Governador Valadares 18 FIGURES 1. Migrants’ Racial Self-Classifications before and during Migration 36 2. Migrants’ Racial Self-Classifications during and after Migration 86 3. Non-Migrants’ and Returnees’ Racial Self-Classifications 93 4. Returnees’ Average Skin Tone Classifications throughout Migration 98 TABLES 1. Migrants’ Racial Self-Classifications Pre-Migration and in the United States 37
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