Race and Ethnicity: The Key Concepts

225 Pages·2013·2.85 MB·English

by  Amy Elizabeth Ansell

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Race and Ethnicity
The Key Concepts
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Amy E. Ansell
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RACE AND ETHNICITY
Situating the study of race and ethnicity within its historical and
intellectual context, this much needed guide exposes students to the
broad diversity of scholarship within the field. It provides a clear and
succinct explanation of more than 70 key terms, their conceptual
evolution over time, and the differing ways in which the concepts are
deployed or remain pertinent in current debates. Concepts covered
include:
(cid:1) apartheid (cid:1) hybridity
(cid:1) colonialism (cid:1) Islamophobia
(cid:1) constructivism (cid:1) new/modern racism
(cid:1) critical race theory (cid:1) reparations
(cid:1) eugenics (cid:1) transnationalism.
Fully cross-referenced and complete with suggestions for further
reading, Race and Ethnicity: The Key Concepts is an ideal resource for
students of race, ethnicity, and nationalism.
Amy E. Ansell is Professor and Dean of Liberal Arts at Emerson
College, USA.
ALSO AVAILABLE FROM ROUTLEDGE
Race and Ethnicity: The Basics
Peter Kivisto and Paul R. Croll
978-0-415-77374-4
The Routledge Companion to Race and Ethnicity
Edited by Stephen M. Caliendo and Charlton D. Mcllwain
978-0-415-77707-0
RACE AND ETHNICITY
The Key Concepts
Amy E. Ansell
Firstpublished2013
byRoutledge
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SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada
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Ansell,AmyElizabeth,1964-
Raceandethnicity:thekeyconcepts/AmyAnsell.
p.cm.–(Routledgekeyguides)
1.Race.2.Racerelations.3.Ethnicity.4.Ethnicgroups.I.Title.
HT1521.A562013
305.8–dc23
2012027012
ISBN:978-0-415-33794-6(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-415-33795-3(pbk)
ISBN:978-0-203-44823-6(ebk)
TypesetinBembo
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
CONTENTS
List of key concepts vi
Acknowledgments viii
Introduction ix
THE KEY CONCEPTS 1
Bibliography 171
Index 196
v
LIST OF KEY CONCEPTS
Aboriginal, see Indigenous/ Constructivism
Native Critical Race Theory (CRT)
Acculturation, see Assimilation
Affirmative Action Diaspora
Afrocentrism Discrimination
Anti-Racism Double Consciousness
Anti-Semitism
Apartheid Environmental Racism, see
Aryan, see Holocaust Racism
Assimilation Equality/Egalitarianism
Essentialism
(Racial) Backlash Ethnic Cleansing, see Genocide
Bell Curve Ethnicity
Biological Determinism Eugenics
Black Feminism Eurocentrism, see Afrocentrism
Black Middle-Class Exile, see Diaspora
Caste Genocide
Census, see (Racial/Ethnic)
Classification Hegemony
Circumstantialism Hierarchy
Citizenship Holocaust
Civil Rights Human Rights, see Civil
(Racial/Ethnic) Classification Rights; Indigenous Rights
Colonialism Hybridity
Color-Blindness
Color-Blind Racism, see (Racial/Ethnic) Identity
New/Modern Racism Identity Politics
Color-Consciousness Imperialism, see Colonialism
Colorism Indigenous/Native
vi
LISTOFKEYCONCEPTS
Indigenous Rights Race
Institutional Racism, see Racism Racial Formation, see
Instrumentalism, see Constructivism
Circumstantialism Racialization
Internal Colonialism, see Racism
Colonialism Refugee, see Migration
Intersectionality Reparations
Islamophobia Resegregation
Reverse Racism
Jim Crow
Scientific Racism
Melting Pot Segregation
Migration Slavery
Miscegenation Social Construction, see
Multiculturalism Constructivism
Multiracialism Social Darwinism
Sociobiology
Native, see Indigenous/Native (Racial) State
Nativism Stereotype
Nazism, see Holocaust Subaltern, see Postcolonialism
Neo-Colonialism, see Symbolic Ethnicity
Colonialism
New/Modern Racism Transnationalism
One-Drop Rule Underclass
Optional Ethnicity
Whiteness
Postcolonialism White Supremacy
Prejudice
Primordialism Xenophobia
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am grateful for the many kinds of support I’ve enjoyed while
working on this project. Early mentors and colleagues such as Howard
Winant, Stephen Small, Chip Gallagher, and Sarah Willie helped to
engageandsustainmycommitmenttothefield.Morerecentcolleagues
helped inform the writing of one or more concepts: John Dixon,
Nigel Gibson, Roy Kamada, David Leonard, Yasser Munif, and Erika
Williams. I am grateful for the efforts of Chris Smaje and John
Solomos in earlier phases of the project. Graduate student assistant
Shannon Smith Davis helped in accessing materials and conducting
preliminary research during its latter phase. The team at Routledge
has been superb. Rosie Waters first commissioned the book and
it was shepherded through most of its life by Rebecca Shillabeer – I
thank her for her ongoing encouragement, flexibility, and support as
I changed continents and institutional affiliations. I’d also like to
acknowledge production editor Sarah Douglas and copyeditor Victoria
Chow for expertly seeing the manuscript through to publication.
My abiding love and appreciation go to my parents Marjory and
the late Burton Ansell who imbued in me the love of intellectual
work, and to my dear family – daughters Sadie and Muriel Statman
and husband James Statman – who supported me and kept up my
spirits throughout.
Amy E. Ansell
Boston, MA
July 2012
viii
INTRODUCTION
Many thought the demise of the last legally sanctioned racist order, in
South Africa in 1994, would usher in a twenty-first century world
beyond race: a post-racial world saturated with the color-blind ideal
and egalitarian mood. Although some proclaim that such a vision has
already been actualized, many agree that it is a world still in the
making. Race continues to affect the social world and the people
who inhabit it in multiple ways. As this book demonstrates, the study
of race and ethnicity remains as vital and relevant as ever before.
Thelegaciesoftheracistpastexerciseapowerfuleffectinstructuring
contemporary patterns of racial advantage, as well as the distribution
of power and resources. Racial consciousness informs popular mobi-
lizations ranging from the most nefarious attempts at ethnic cleansing
and genocide – such as occurred recently in contexts such as the
Balkans,Rwanda,andDarfur–tomorebenign,evencelebratoryforms
of identity formation and cultural expression. Racial categorization is
employed in the course of everyday interaction, in popular culture
and the media, and in more formal governmental processes. The
racial imaginary profoundly underlies a range of current political and
policy controversies surrounding issues such as immigration, education,
crime, and welfare. Scientific advances ushered in by the genomic era
are once again putting back on the table the question “is race real?”,
one outcome of which has been the introduction of race-based
medicine.The emergenceof Islamophobia in the context of the global
‘War on Terror’, as well as the continued purchase of extreme right-
wing politics directed against migrant communities in Europe, further
attest to the durable power of race and ethnicity. And race and
ethnicity are currently intertwined or conflated with the nationalisms,
ethnic animosities, and religious fundamentalisms generated by
globalization in ways that need to be carefully scrutinized.
Given the unfulfilled promises of a post-racial world and the sheer
ubiquity of race matters, it is imperative that the study of race and
ethnicity be given its due in the contemporary academy. Doing so
ix