Qumran and Apocalyptic: Studies on the Aramaic Texts from Qumran (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah) PDF
Preview Qumran and Apocalyptic: Studies on the Aramaic Texts from Qumran (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah)
STUDIES ON THE TEXTS OF THE DESERT OF JUDAH 1 F. GARCIA MARTINEZ A. S. VAN DER WOUDE QUMRAN AND APOCALYPTIC STUDIES ON THE ARAMAIC TEXTS FROM QUMRAN FLORENTINO GARCIA MARTINEZ E J. BRILL LEIDEN NEW YORK KOLN 1992 The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Garcia Martinez, Florentine. Qumran and Apocalyptic: studies on the Aramaic texts from Qumran / by F. Garcia Martinez. p. cm.-(Studies on the texts of the desert of Judah, ISSN 0169-9962; v. 9) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 9004095861 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Dead Sea scrolls-Criticism, interpretation, etc. 2. Apocalyptic literature-History and criticism. I. Title. 11. Series. BM487.C325 1992 296.1 '55-dc20 91 -46425 CIP ISSN 0 169-9962 ISBN 90 04 09586 1 0 Copyright 1992 by E.]. Brill, Lndcn, 7hc Netherlands AN ngho rtsmcd. .No part of this book may bc rcproduccd or hamIalcd in any fonn, by pnnt, photoprint, microfilm, minofiche or any other means hut wn'ttm pmnisswnfrom the publisher Authoriratwn to photocopy ifemf or infernal or personal we is granted by E.]. Brill provided that the appropriateJccs arc paid direct& b Copyright CLorance C w ,2 7 Congress Shrcl, SALEM U4 01970, USA. Fccs arc subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Pour Annie CONTENTS Foreword ....................................... ................... l.4QMess Ar and the Book of Noah .............................. 4QMess Aramaic Text ..................................... ................................ Translation Notes .................................... ............................... Commentary TheBookofNoah ............................ ................... Noachic materials in 1 Enoch .................... Noachic materials in Jubilees Noachic materials in Qumran .................. Outline of the lost Book of Noah ................. 2. Contribution of the Aramaic Enoch Fragments to our understanding of the Books of Enoch .............. The AstronomicaI Book ......................... .......................... The Book of Watchers TheBookofDreams ........................... ........................... The Epistle of Enoch . .............................. 3 The Book of Giants Copies of the Book of Giants .................... The Manichean Book of Giants ................... Other elements of the Book of Giants .............. Order of the elements of the Book of Giants ......... Origin and Date of the Book of Giants .............. 4 . The Prayer of Nabonidus: A New Synthesis ............ .......................... 4QPrayer of Nabonidus .......................... Reconstructed Text ................................ Translation Notes .................................... Commentary ............................... ........................ Relation with other texts ......................... Relation with Daniel Relation with Nab H . 2A/B ................... ....................... Relation with 4QpsDan ........................... Relation with Job ....................... Literary genre and Origin 5 . 4QPseudo Daniel Aramaic and the Pseudo-Danielic Literature ... Vlll CONTENTS 4QPseudo Daniel Aramaic ....................... 137 Aramaic Texts .............................. 138 Translation ................................ 139 Notes .................................... 140 Commentary ............................... 147 ...................... Pseudo Danielic Literature 149 Arabic Pseudo-Daniel ........................ 150 Armenian Pseudo-Daniel ...................... 150 ........................ Coptic Pseudo-Daniel 151 Slavonic Pseudo-Daniel ....................... 152 ......................... Greek Pseudo-Daniel 153 Apocalypsis of the Profet Daniel ................ 153 The monk Daniel on the 'Seven Hills' ............ 154 Visions of Daniel ............................ 154 Daniel Diegesis ............................. 155 Hebrew Pseudo-Daniel ....................... 156 Persian Pseudo-Daniel ........................ 157 Syriac Pseudo-Daniel ......................... 158 Conclusions .................................. 160 6. The eschatological figure of 4Q246 ................... 162 4Q246 ...................................... 162 Transcription of the text ...................... 163 Translation ................................ 163 Notes .................................... 164 Commentary ............................... 167 Milik's Hypothesis ............................. 168 Fitzmyer's Hypothesis .......................... 169 Flusser's Hypothesis ............................ 170 An Eschatological Saviour ....................... 172 4QpsDan Ar ................................ 173 4QTestimonia ............................... 174 1Q H 111. 7.18 ............................... 175 11 QMefcllisedek ............................. 176 4Q'Amram ................................. 177 . 7 The <<NewJe rusalemn and the future temple of the manuscripts from Qumran ....................... 180 The City Plan of NJ ............................ 186 The Description of the New Jerusalem .............. 193 ....................... NJ and the Future Temple 202 ......................................... Indexes 215 FOREWORD The congress on Apocalypticism held in Uppsala in 1979 undoubtedly marked an important stage in the study of this complex phenom- enon'. It was the end of what I have defined as <<The-Erba f Disil- lusionment,, and it started a new era, one which I have defined as <<TheE ra of ~ecu~eration,>I*f .t he publication of the first Qumran manuscripts gave rise to the idea that in them would be found the key to such problems as the determination of the *essence,, of Apocalypti- cism, the elucidation of its origins, its Sitz im Leben, the relation between Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism and the influence of Jewish Apocalypticism on the origins of Christianity, further study has brought the specialists to the conclusion adaB dieser "Wunderschliis- sel" nicht pa~t,,3. Perhaps the best expression of this disillusionment is H. STEGE- MANN contribution to the Uppsala congress4. In it he not only denies that the Qumran manuscripts have provided the solutions hoped for5, but attempts to explain why in Qumran there was no special interest in ~~ocalyptaincd~ m aintains that the scanty apocalyptic elements to be met within the text are foreings bodies, to which it is impossible to ' Apocalypicism in rlte MediIerraneott World artd the Near Emt. Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Apocalypticism, Uppsala, August 12-17, 1979, editcd by David HELLHOLM (Tiibingen 1983) (second edition enlarged with Supplementary Bibliography 1989). Cf. F. GARCIAM AR~~KE~*.,E ncore I'Apocalyptiquc*, IS/ 17 (IT), 224-232. In a forschungsberichr on the theme -Apocalyptic and Qumran*: -La Apocalipti- ca y Qumrin-, V. Camno - V. V~LLAR( eds.), N Sintposio BIblico Espial (Valen- cia -' C 6rdoba 1987). 603-613. K. RUDOLPH, rApokalyptik in der Diskussionm, in: Apocal).pricisnr, 783. H. SIEGFMANN, *Die Bedeutung der Qumranfunde fiir die Erforschung der Apokalyptikm, in: Apoca3pricism, 495-530. "Was speziell die Erforschung der Apokalyptik anbctrifft. so besleht gcgenwkrtig eine crhebliche Dikrepanz mischen der Erwartung, die Qumranfundc konnten wenigstens fiir diescn Forschungsgegcnstand immer noch eine A~cW undermcdizin sein, und der Tatsache, daD die biihcrigcn AN;itzc zur Einbeziehung der Qumranfun- dc in die Apokalyptik-Dikussion so gut wic gar kcine allgemein anerkannten oder auch nur weiterfiihrenden Ergebnisse erbracht habcn", *Die Bedeutung der Qum- ranfunde*, 495. "Nur ganz knapp will ich mi& abschlieknd nod, zur Exhatologie der Qumran- gmeinde iukrn, weil deren Eigenart wcnigstens teilweisc zu erklaren vermag, warum man in dieser Gruppe des nachexilischen Judentums kcin sonderliches fntcres- se an Apokalyptik hatte", .Die Bedeutung der Qumranfunde*, 521.
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