Quick Facts on Lung Cancer

222 Pages·2007·3.838 MB·English

by  American Cancer Society

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From the Experts at the American Cancer Society
What You Need to Know NOW
Your Lung Cancer (Non-Small Cell Small Cell)
Risk Factors Causes
Prevention Detection
Dictionary
QuickFACTSTM
What You Need to Know-NOW
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From the Experts at the American Cancer Society
What You Need to Know NOW
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Small Cell Lung Cancer
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American
Cancer
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Society®
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Published by American Cancer Society /Health Promotions
1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
Copyright © 2007 American Cancer Society
All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright
reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photo
copying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
Cover designed by Jill Dible, Atlanta, GA
54321 07 OS 09 10
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Quick facts lung cancer: what you need to know--now /
From the Experts at the American Cancer Society.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 97S-0-944235-69-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-I0: 0-944235-69-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Lungs--Cancer--Popular works. 1. American Cancer
Society.
RC2S0.LSQ532007
616.99'424--dc22
2006016962
A Note to the Reader
This information represents the views of the doctors and nurses
serving on the American Cancer Society's Cancer Information
Database Editorial Board. These views are based on their
interpretation of studies published in medical journals, as well
as their own professional experience.
The treatment information in this book is not official policy of
the Society and is not intended as medical advice to replace the
expertise and judgment of your cancer care team. It is intended
to help you and your family make informed decisions, together
with your doctor.
Your doctor may have reasons for suggesting a treatment plan
different from these general treatment options. Don't hesitate
to ask him or her questions about your treatment options.
For more information, contact your American Cancer Society
at SOO-ACS-2345 or http://www.cancer.org
For special sales, contact us at [email protected]
Table of Contents
NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Your Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
What Is Cancer? ..............................
1
What Is Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? ........... 3
The Lungs ................................ 3
Types of Lung Cancer ....................... 6
N on-Small Cell Lung Cancer ................. 6
Other Types of Lung Cancer .................. 7
What Are the Key Statistics About Lung Cancer? .. 8
Risk Factors and Causes
What Are the Risk Factors for Non-Small Cell
Lung Cancer? ...............................
11
Tobacco Smoking .......................... 11
Arsenic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Asbestos ................................. 13
Radon ................................... 13
Cancer-Causing Agents in the Workplace ....... 14
Marij uana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Radiation Therapy to the Lungs .............. 15
Talc and Talcum Powder .................... 15
Other Mineral Exposures .................... 16
Personal and Family History of Lung Cancer .... 16
Die 1 7
t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air Pollution ............................. 17
Do We Know What Causes Non-Small Cell
Lung Cancer? ............................... 17
Prevention and Detection
Can Non-Small Cell lung Cancer
Be Prevented? ..............................
21
Can Non-Small Cell lung Cancer
Be Found Early? .............................
22
Screening Tests for Lung Cancer .............. 22
Diagnosis and Staging
How Is Non-Small Cell lung Cancer
Diagnosed? ................................ 27
Common Signs and Symptoms of
Lung Cancer ............................. 27
Medical History and Physical Exam ........... 30
Imaging Tests ............................. 30
Procedures That Sample Tissues and Cells ...... 33
How Is Non-Small Cell lung Cancer Staged? .... 38
Staging of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ........ 38
N on-Small Cell Lung Cancer T Categories ..... 39
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer N Categories ..... 41
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer M Categories ..... 42
Stage Grouping for Non-Small Cell
Lung Cancer ............................. 42
N on-Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival by
Clinical Stage Based on Patients Diagnosed
in 1992-1993 ............................ 45
Treatment
Your Medical Team .......................... 47
Anesthesiologist ........................... 47
Dietitian ................................. 47
Medical Oncologist ........................ 48
Nurses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Pathologist ............................... 50
Personal or Primary Care Physician ........... 50
Psychologist or Psychiatrist .................. 50
Pulmonologist ............................ 51
Radiation Oncologist ....................... 51
Radiation Therapist ........................ 51
Radiologist ............................... 52
Radiology Technologist ..................... 52
Social Worker. ............................ 52
Thoracic Surgeon .......................... 53
How Is Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated? .... 53
Surgery .................................. 55
Radiation Therapy ......................... 57
Chemotherapy ............................ 59
Targeted Therapy .......................... 61
Clinical Trials ............................ 62
Complementary and Alternative Therapies ...... 66
Treatment Choices by Stage for Non-Small
Cell Lung Cancer .......................... 67
More Treatment Information ................. 73
Questions To Ask
What Should You Ask Your Doctor About
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? ................. 75
After Treatment
What Happens After Treatment for
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? ................. 77
Follow-up Care ........................... 77
Seeing aNew Doctor ....................... 78
Lifestyle Changes to Consider During and
After Treatment ........................... 79
How About Your Emotional Health? ........... 83
What Happens if Treatment Is No Longer
Working? ............................... 84
Latest Research
What's New in Non-Small Cell lung Cancer
Research and Treatment? ..................... 87
Prevention ............................... 87
Earlier Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Treatment. ............................... 89
Resources
Additional Resources .........................
91
More Information from Your American
Cancer Society ............................ 91
National Organizations and Web Sites ......... 92
References ............................... 93
SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Your Small Cell Lung Cancer
What Is Cancer? ............................. 95
What Is Small Cell lung Cancer? .............. 97
The Lungs ............................... 97
Types of Lung Cancer ..................... 100
Small Cell Lung Cancer ................... 100
Other Types of Lung Cancer ................ 100
What Are the Key Statistics About
lung Cancer? ..............................
101
Risk Factors and Causes
What Are the Risk Factors for Small Cell
lung Cancer? ..............................
103
Tobacco Smoking ......................... 103
Asbestos ................................ 104
Arsenic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Rado n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Cancer-Causing Agents in the Workplace ...... 106
Marijuana ............................... 106
Radiation Therapy to the Lungs ............. 107
Talc and Talcum Powder ................... 107
Other Mineral Exposures ................... 108
Personal and Family History of Lung Cancer ... 108
Diet ................................... 108
Air Pollution ............................ 109
Do We Know What Causes Small Cell
lung Cancer? ..............................
109
Prevention and Detection
Can Small Cell lung Cancer Be Prevented? .....
113
Can Small Cell lung Cancer Be Found Early? ....
113
Screening Tests for Lung Cancer ............. 114
Diagnosis and Staging
How Is Small Cell lung Cancer Diagnosed? .....
117
Common Signs and Symptoms of
Lung Cancer ............................ 11 7
Medical History and Physical Exam .......... 121
Imaging Tests ............................ 121
Procedures That Sample Tissues and Cells ..... 124
How Is Small Cell Lung Cancer Staged? ........ 129
Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer ........... 129
Relative Survival Rates ..................... 130
Treatment
Your Medical Team ......................... 131
Anesthesiologist .......................... 131
Dietitian ................................ 131
Medical Oncologist ....................... 132
Nurses ................................. 133
Pathologist .............................. 134
Personal or Primary Care Physician .......... 134
Psychologist or Psychiatrist. ................ 134
Pulmonologist ........................... 135
Radiation Oncologist ...................... 135
Radiation Therapist ....................... 135
Radiologist .............................. 136
Radiology Technologist .................... 136
Social Worker ............................ 136
Thoracic Surgeon ......................... 137
How Is Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated? ........ 137
Surgery ................................. 139
Radiation Therapy ........................ 141
Chemotherapy ........................... 142
Clinical Trials ........................... 144
Complementary and Alternative Therapies ..... 148
Treatment Choices for Small Cell
Lung Cancer ............................ 149
More Treatment Information ................ 153