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Questions and Answers for Physicians: A Medieval Arabic Study Manual by Abd Al-Aziz Al-Sulami (Sir Henry Wellcome Asian Series) PDF

264 Pages·2004·9.65 MB·English
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WAS-3-leiser.qxd 10/30/2003 4:19 PM Page i QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR PHYSICIANS WAS-3-leiser.qxd 10/30/2003 4:19 PM Page ii SIR HENRY WELLCOME ASIAN STUDIES edited by LAWRENCE I. CONRAD DOMINIK WUJASTYK PAUL U. UNSCHULD Editorial Board DONALD J. HARPER GUY ATTEWELL RONALD E. EMMERICK ( † ) VOLUME 3 WAS-3-leiser.qxd 10/30/2003 4:19 PM Page iii QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR PHYSICIANS A Medieval Arabic Study Manual by #Abd al-#AzÊz al-SulamÊ TRANSLATED, EDITED, AND WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY GARY LEISER and NOURY AL-KHALEDY BRILL LEIDEN (cid:127)BOSTON 2004 WAS-3-leiser.qxd 10/30/2003 4:19 PM Page iv This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Al-Sulami, #Abd al-#Aziz. Questions and answers for physicians : a medieval Arabic study manual by #Abd al-#Aziz Al-Sulami / translated, edited, and with an introduction by Gary Leiser and Noury Al-Khaledy. p. cm. — (The Sir Henry Wellcome Asian series) ISBN 90-04-13671-1 1. Medicine, Arab—History. 2. Medicine, Medieval. 3. Medicine—Study and teaching. I. Leiser, Gary, 1946- II. Al-Khaledy, Noury. III. Title. IV. Series. R143.A439 2003 610—dc22 2003065334 ISSN 1570-1484 ISBN 90 04 13671 1 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Nether lands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands In Memory of Martin Levey and Michael Dols This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 TheAuthor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 TheText . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 GalenicMedicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ManuscriptsoftheArabicText . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 ThePresentEdition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 TheExperts’ExaminationforAllPhysicians . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 CHAPTERONE: OnthePulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 CHAPTERTWO: OnUrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 CHAPTERTHREE:OnFeversandCrises . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 CHAPTERFOUR: FavorableandDangerousSymptoms . . . . 53 CHAPTERFIVE: OnSimpleDrugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 CHAPTERSIX: OnTreatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 CHAPTERSEVEN: OnWhatOphthalmologistsShouldBeAsked 89 CHAPTEREIGHT: OnWhataSurgeonShouldBeAsked . . . 97 CHAPTERNINE: WhattheBonesetterShouldBeAsked . . . 105 CHAPTERTEN: OntheFundamentalsofThisArt . . . . . 111 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Imtih.a¯nal-alibba¯’li-ka¯ffatal-a.tibba¯’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NotestotheArabictext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . This page intentionally left blank PREFACE In 1977, while doing research on medical education in the medieval MiddleEast,IcameacrossamanuscriptwiththeintriguingtitleImtih.a¯n al-alibba¯’ li-ka¯ffat al-a.tibba¯’ [“The Experts’ Examination for All Physi- cians”] in a catalogue of Arabic manuscripts in Vienna. I subsequently acquired a copy of this work on microfilm. After briefly examining its contents, I happened to mention it to one of my former undergradu- ate professors of Arabic, Noury Al-Khaledy. Because of his interest in pharmacology and my interest in pedagogy and because, above all, I had discovered no other work quite like it surviving from the medieval Muslim world, he suggested that we edit and translate the manuscript. I agreed and we soon made a very preliminary reading and translation of it. Shortly thereafter, we located a second copy of this work in Cairo andathirdinBursa. Wethenhadtheresourcestoprepareapropercol- lated edition of the text. My professional peregrinations, however, and Prof.Al-Khaledy’suniversitydutiesandthenhisretirementandrespon- sibilities to a private firm prevented us from promptly carrying out this project. Overtheyears,wemanagedtopublishonlyadescriptionofthe work in a Turkish scholarly journal. In 1992, Prof. Al-Khaledy’s health began to fail and on 19 October 1995 he passed away. Meanwhile, I had assembled all the materials that we had collected and began to re- viewthosepartsofthetranslationthatIhadrevisedsinceourfirstdraft. And thanks to modern computer technology, which now allows one to produce an Arabic text at home, I was able to edit the work and finally prepare a complete translation. This translation, I hasten to add, has benefitted in no small way from the expert criticism of Lawrence Con- rad at the University of Hamburg. It is with deep regret that I was not abletofinishthistaskbeforeProf.Al-Khaledy’sdeath. AfewwordsareinorderhereaboutNouryAl-Khaledy,knownsim- plyasNourytohisfriends,andhisremarkablecareerandcontributions to the teaching of Arabic in the United States. Noury gave his birth date as 1 February 1918, although he was not absolutely certain. Born in Damascus, he was a descendant of a famous Arabian tribe, the Ban¯ı Kha¯lid of the Syrian Desert. Indeed, although his mother was Circas- sian, he spent his early childhood as a bedouin. Nevertheless, he at- tended high school at North Syria School for Boys in Aleppo and went

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This is a translation and edition of the medieval Arabic medical work entitled Imtih?n al-alibb?' li-k?ffat al-atibb?' ["The Experts' Examination for All Physicians"]. It is a study guide for students of medicine prepared by Abd al-Az?z al-Sulami who was chief of medicine to the Ayy?bid sultan in Ca
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