Queequeg’s Co≈n QUEEQUEG’S COFFIN ? Indigenous Literacies & Early American Literature birgit brander rasmussen duke university press Durham & London 2012 ∫ 2012 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper $ Designed by Jennifer Hill. Typeset in Quadraat by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. Published with the assistance of the Frederick W. Hilles Publication Fund of Yale University. For my children Eva and Tobias Arne and in loving memory of my mother Karin Beathe Rasmussen We Americans have yet to really learn our own antecedents. . . . They will be found ampler as has been supposed, and in widely di√erent sources. Thus far, impress’d by New England writers and schoolmasters, we tacitly abandon ourselves to the notion that our United States have been fashioned from the British Islands only—which is a very great mistake. walt whitman contents Acknowledgments xi introduction. ‘‘a new world still in the making’’ 1 ∞ writing and colonial conflict 17 ≤ negotiating peace, negotiating literacies The Undetermined Encounter and Early American Literature 49 ≥ writing in the conflict zone Don Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala’s El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno 79 ∂ indigenous literacies, moby-dick, and the promise of queequeg’s coffin 111 Afterword 139 Notes 145 Works Cited 185 Index 201