CONTENTS Preface 5 South American Climatology 7 N. O. GARCIA Suspended Sediments of the Modern Amazon and Orinoco Rivers 29 R. H. MEADE The Pliocene and Quaternary of the High Plain of Bogota (Colombia): A History of Tectonic Uplift, Basin 41 Development and Climatic Change K. F. HELMENS and T. VAN DER HAMMEN Late Pliocene—Pleistocene High Resolution Pollen Sequence of Colombia: An Overview of Climatic Change 63 H. HOOGHIEMSTRA and E. T. H. RAN Late Quaternary Paleoenvironmental Studies in the Gran Sabana (Venezuelan Guayana Shield) 81 C. SCHUBERT, P. FRITZ and R. ARAVENA Late Cenozoic History of the Eastern Llanos of Venezuela: Geomorphology and Stratigraphy of the Mesa 91 Formation J. CARBON and C. SCHUBERT The Quaternary of Ecuador 101 M. IRIONDO The Mera Site Revisited: Ice-Age Amazon in the Light of New Evidence 113 K. HEINE A Probable Scenario for a Dry Climate in Central Amazonia During the Late Quaternary 121 M. IRIONDO and E. M. LATRUBESSE Geodynamic Environment of Quaternary Morphostructures of the Subandean Foreland Basins of Peru and Bolivia: 129 Characteristics and Study Methods J. F.D UMONT and M. FOURNIER The Upper Parana River (Brazil): Geomorphology, Sedimentology and Paleoclimatology 143 J.C. STEVAUX A Climatic Model for Southwestern Amazonia in Last Glacial Times 163 E. M. LATRUBESSE and C. G. RAMONELL