Quantum Statistical Mechanics in the Natural Sciences: A Volume Dedicated to Lars Onsager on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday PDF
Preview Quantum Statistical Mechanics in the Natural Sciences: A Volume Dedicated to Lars Onsager on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday
QUANTUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES Studiesinthe NaturalSciences ASeries from the Centerfor Theoretical Studies UniversityofMiami, CoralGables,Florida Volume1- IMPACTOFBASICRESEARCH ONTECHNOLOGY Edited by Behram Kursunoglu andArnold Perlmutter.1973 Volume2- FUNDAMENTALINTERACTIONSIN PHYSICS Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Steven M.BrQwn, Mou-Shan Chen,T.PatrickColeman, Werner Eissner, Joseph Hubbard, Chun-Chian Lu, StephanL.Mintz,andMarioRasetti• 1973 Volume3-FUNDAMENTALINTERACTIONS IN PHYSICSAND ASTROPHYSICS Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Steven Weinberg, ArthurS. Wightman, GeoffreyIverson,Arnold Perlmutter, andStephanl.Mintz.1973 Volume4-QUANTUMSTATISTICALMECHANICSINTHE NATURALSCIENCES Edited byBehram Kursunoglu,StephanL. Mintz,SusanM.Widmayer, Mou-ShanChen,C.S. Hui,JosephHubbard,JosephF. Malerba, LaurenceMittag, andGeorgeSoukup• 1974 Volume5-FUNDAMENTALTHEORIES IN PHYSICS Edited by Stephan L.Mintz,LaurenceMittag,Susan M.Widmayer, Chui-ShuenHui,andJosephF. Malerba.1974 Volume6- PROGRESS INTHENEUROSCIENCESANDRELATEDFIELDS Editedby Behram Kursunoglu, Stephan L. Mintz,Susan M.Widmayer, Chui-Shuen Hui,Joseph Hubbard, andJosephF. Malerba.1974 A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. QUANTUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES A Volume Dedicated to Lars Onsager on the Occasion ofhis Seventieth Birthday Conference Chairman Behram Kursunoglu Editors Stephan L. Mintz and Susan M. Widmayer Scientific Secretaries Mou-Shan Chen Joseph Malerba C. S. Hui Laurence Mittag Joseph Hubbard George Soukup Center for Theoretical Studies University of Miami Coral Gables, Florida PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Coral GablesConferenceon Unityin the Natural Sciences, UniversityofMiami, 1973. Quantum statistical mechanics inthe natural sciences. (Studies inthenaturalsciences,v. 4) Includesbibliographies. 1. Statistical mechanics-Congresses. 2. Molecular biology-Congresses. 3. Quan tum theory-Congresses. 4. Low temperatures-Congresses. 5. Onsager, Lars, 1903- I. Mintz, Stephan,ed. II. Title. III.Series. QC174.7.C67 1973 530 74-9553 ISBN-13:978-1-4613-4534-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-4532-9 001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4532-9 Proceedingsofthe1973CoralGablesConferenceon"UnityIntheNaturalSciences" held atthe UniversityofMiamibytheCenterforTheoretical Studies on November27·28,1973 ©1974Plenum Press, NewYork Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition1974 ADivisionofPlenum PublishingCorporation 227West17thStreet, NewYork, N.Y.10011 UnitedKingdom editionpublishedbyPlenumPress, London ADivisionofPlenum PublishingCompany, Ltd. 4a LowerJohnStreet, London,W1R3PD, England All rights reserved Nopartofthis bookmaybereproduced, stored inaretrieval system, ortransmitted, Inanyform orbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying, microfilming, recording,orotherwise, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher COUNCIL DEDICATION The Scientific Council of the Center for Theo retical Studies of the University of Miami at its annual meeting on January 7, 1973, passed a motion to dedicate the conference entitled ;'Unity in the Natural Sciences" to Professor Lars Onsager, one of the foremost men of science of our time, on the occasion of his Seventieth Birthday. The Council is especially proud to honor a great man, who is also a colleague and member of the Center. We know that all of the participants of the Conference and his friends everywhere join with us in communicating this tribute to Professor Onsager and we look forward to Professor Onsager's accep~ance of the dedication of our 1983 conference. MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL Foy Kohler Willis Lamb Carl McKenry Lars Onsager Julian Schwinger Edward Teller Behram Kursunoglu, Chairman v Lars Onsager PRE F ACE This volume is the Proceedings of the 1973 Coral n Gables Conference on nUnity in the Natural Sciences held at the University of Miami by the Center for Theo retical Studies on November 27th and 28th, 1973, in honor of Lars Onsager on the occasion of his Seventieth Birthday. The papers presented at this conference included those fields in which Professor Onsager has made his greatest contributions: Statistical mechanics; molecular biology and quantum mechanics; and low temperature physics. Consequently, we have divided this volume into three sections pertaining to each of the above mentioned topics. Although the subject matter in each section is dis tinct, the thread of Professor Onsager's work, partic ularly in statistical mechanics, unifies the book and demonstrates the interdependence of the natural sciences. This theme of the Unity in the Natural Sciences has been the subject of a number of gatherings sponsored by the Center for Theoretical Studies, particularly in its Orbis Scientiae. For the most part, the papers in this volume re present the state of the art of molecular biology, statistical mechanics and low temperature physics, and quantum mechanics. The contributors are friends, col- vii viii PREFACE leagues and, in many cases, students, of Professor Onsager. Professor Onsager, himself, has contributed a paper on Illife in early times" to the volume. Among the topics discussed are some interesting applications of low temperature experimental techniques to cardiology and astrophysics. We would like to express our particular appreciation to Mrs. Helga Billings and Miss Sara Lesser for their excellent typing of these Proceedings and to Mrs. Jacquelyn Zagursky, as well as to Mrs. Billings and Miss Lesser for their invaluable assistance with the details of the conference and the publication of these Proceedings. The Editors CONTENTS Section One BIOLOGY Life in the Early Days Lars Onsager.................................... 1 The Fluctuating Enzyme Giorgio Careri.................................. 15 Diffusion Control in Biochemical Reactions Manfred Eigen................................... 37 Phase Transitions of Phospholipids Julian Sturtevant............................... 63 Theory and Density Measurements of the Lipid Bilayer Phase Transition John F. Nagle................................... 85 Stability of Helical Nucleic Acids Neville R. Kallenbach........................... 95 Thermodynamic Perspectives and the Origin of Life Sidney W. Fox................................... 119 Section Two STATISTICAL MECHANICS High Frequency Dielectric Response in Dipolar Systems Roberto Lobo, John E. Robinson, Sergio Rodriguez. 143 ix x CONTENTS Exact Derivation of the Onsager Limiting Law Thomas J. Murphy 157 The Effect of Wall Charge on the Capillary Rise of Electrolytes Lars Onsager, Edmund Drauglis 167 Density of States of Topologically Disordered Amorphous Semiconductors Jill C. Bonner, J. F. Nagle 201 Irreversibility Willis E. Lamb, Jr. 213 Surface Specific Heat of Crystals. I Lars Onsager, Tag Young Moon 227 Zeros of the Grand Partition Function L. K. Runnels 281 Response, Relaxation and Fluctuation Ryogo Kubo 299 What is New in the Ising Model Joel L. Lebowitz............................... 327 Critical Exponents Below T Via Skeleton Graphs (Ising-Like Case) c Joseph L. McCauley, Jr., Elihu Abrahams 337 Section Three QUANTUM MECHANICS AND LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS The Ghost of a Vanished Vortex Ring Russell J. Donnelly............................. 359 Propagation of Second Sound and Heat Pulses in Solid Helium Crystals Henry A. Fairbank, Karl H. Mueller 403 Low Temperature and Macroscopic Quantization: Tools for Experimental Physicists William Fairbank................................ 413
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