Quantum Kinematics and Dynamics PDF
Preview Quantum Kinematics and Dynamics
Quantum Kinematics and Dynamics This page intentionally left blank Quantum Kinematics and Dynamics JULIAN SCHWINGER University of California, Los Angeles This book was originally published as part of the Frontiers in Physics Series, edited by David Pines, Western Advanced Book Program PRESS A Member of the Perseus Books Group Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguishthier products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book and Perseus Books Group was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital tetters. Copyright © 1991, 2000 by Westview Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit- ted! in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of Amenca. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 0-7382-0303-3 Westview Press is a Member of the Perseus Books Group Perseus Publishing books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the U.S. by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Depart- ment at HarperCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022, or call 1-212-207-7528. 23456789 10 ADVANCED BOOK CLASSICS David Pines, Series Editor Anderson, P.W., Basic Notions of Condensed Matter Physics Bethe H, and Jackiw, R,, Intermediate Quantum Mechanics, Third Edition Cowan, G. and Pines, D., Compkxity: Metaphors, Models, and Reality de Germes, P.G., Superconductivity of Metals and Alloys d'Bspagnat, B., Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition Feynman, R., Photon-Hadron Interactions Feynman, R., Quantum Electrodynamics Feynman, R., Statistical Mechanics Feynman, R., The Theory of Fundamental Processes GeH-Mann, M. and Ne'eman, Y., The Eightfold Way Khalatnikov, I. M. An Introduction to the Theory of Superfluidity Ma, S-K., Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena Migdal, A. B., Qualitative Methods in Quantum Theory Negele, J. W, and Orland, H,, Quantum Many-Particle Systems Nozieres, P., Theory of Interacting Fermi Systems Nozieres, P. and Pines, D., The Theory of Quantum Liquids Parisi, G., Statistical Field Theory Pines, D., Elementary Excitations in Solids Pines, D., The Many-Body Problem Quigg, C, Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions Schrieffer, J.R., Theory of Superconductivity, Revised Schwinger, J-, Particles, Sources, and Fields, Volume I Schwinger, J., Particles, Sources, and Fields, Volume II Sehwinger, J., Particles, Sources, and Fields, Volume III Schwinger, J., Quantum Kinematics and Dynamics Wyld, H.W., Mathematical Methods for Physics This page intentionally left blank Editor's Foreword Perseus Publishing's Frontiers in Physics series has, since 1961, made it possible for leading physicists to communicate in coherent fashion their views of recent developments in the most exciting and active fields of physics—without having to devote the time and energy required to prepare a formal review or monograph. Indeed, throughout its nearly forty year existence, the series has emphasized informality in both style and content, as well as pedagogical clarity. Over time, it was expected that these informal accounts would be replaced by more formal counterparts—textbooks or monographs— as the cutting-edge topics they treated gradually became integrated into the body of physics knowledge and reader interest dwindled. However, this has not proven to be the case for a number of the volumes in the series: Many works have remained in print on an on- dernand basis, while others have such intrinsic value that the physics community has urged us to extend their life span, The Advanced Book Classics series has been designed to meet this demand. It will keep in print those volumes in Frontiers in Physics that continue to provide a unique account of a topic of lasting interest And through a sizable printing, these classics will be made available at a comparatively modest cost to the reader. The late Nobel Laureate Julian Schwinger was not only one of the great theoretical physicists of our time, but also one of the great pedagogues of the past century. His lectures were legendary for their almost unique combination of clarity and elegance. I am accordingly very pleased that the publication in Advanced Book Classics of Quantum Kinematics and Dynamics will continue to make his lectures on this topic readily accessible to future generations of the scientific community. David Pines Cambridge, England May, 2000 This page intentionally left blank Vita Julian Schwinger University Professor, University of California, and Professor of Physics at the University of California, Los Angeles since 1972, was born in New York City on February 12,1918. Professor Schwinger obtained his Ph.D. in physics from Columbia University in 1939. He has also received honorary doctorates in science from five institutions: Purdue University (1961), Harvard University (1962), Brandeis University (1973), Gustavus Adolphus College (1975), and the University of Paris (1990). In addition to teaching at the University of California, Professor Schwinger has taught at Purdue University (1941 -43), and at Harvard University (1945-72). Dr, Schwinger was a Research Associate at the University of California, Berkeley, and a Staff Member of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Laboratory. In 1965 Professor Schwinger became a co-recipient (with Richard Feynman and Sin Itiro Tomonaga) of the Nobel Prize in Physics for work in quantum electrodynamics. A National Research Foundation Fellow (1939-40) and a Guggenheim Fellow (1970), Professor Schwinger was also the recipient of the C. L. Mayer Nature of Light Award (1949); the First Einstein Prize Award (1951); a J. W. Gibbs Honorary Lecturer of the American Mathematical Society (1960); the National Medal of Science Award for Physics (1964); a HumboJdt Award (1981); the Premio Citta di Castiglione de Sicilia (1986); the Monie A. Ferst Sigma Xi Award (1986); and the American Academy of Achievement Award (1987).
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