Quantum Interaction: 9th International Conference, QI 2015, Filzbach, Switzerland, July 15-17, 2015, Revised Selected Papers PDF
Preview Quantum Interaction: 9th International Conference, QI 2015, Filzbach, Switzerland, July 15-17, 2015, Revised Selected Papers
Harald Atmanspacher Thomas Filk Emmanuel Pothos (Eds.) 5 3 5 9 S C Quantum Interaction N L 9th International Conference, QI 2015 Filzbach, Switzerland, July 15–17, 2015 Revised Selected Papers 123 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9535 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7407 Harald Atmanspacher Thomas Filk (cid:129) Emmanuel Pothos (Eds.) Quantum Interaction 9th International Conference, QI 2015 – Filzbach, Switzerland, July 15 17, 2015 Revised Selected Papers 123 Editors Harald Atmanspacher EmmanuelPothos ETHZurich City University London Zurich London Switzerland UK ThomasFilk University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Computer Science ISBN 978-3-319-28674-7 ISBN978-3-319-28675-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28675-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015959920 LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface Since its inception in 2007, the conference series on Quantum Interaction is now a tradition in its own right. This year’s ninth meeting within the series took place at the Conferene Center Lihn (Filzbach, Switzerland), the same exciting environment as the yearbefore,closetoLakeWalenseeandtheGlarnerAlps,duringJuly15–17,2015.It was co-hosted by Collegium Helveticum, an interdisciplinary research institute jointly operated by the University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) at Zurich, and by the International Society for Mind-Matter Research. The title of the conference, Quantum Interaction, refers to the study of cognitive processes using mathematical tools that are inspired by quantum theory, e.g., non-commutative operations, Bell-type inequalities, contextuality, etc. In this sense quantuminteractionisnottobeunderstoodintermsofinteractionsbetweenparticlesor fields as in quantum physics. It is also not intended to address perception, cognition, and consciousness in general at the level of neuronal processes. Quantum interaction attempts to describe cognitive processes at the level at which they actually occur: psychology and cognitive science. The Quantum Interaction conferences have provided a debating ground for foun- dationalandappliedissuesandhavedevelopedintoanemerginginterdisciplinaryarea ofscience,combiningresearchtopicsinmathematics,physics,psychology,economics, cognitivescience,andcomputerscience.Thebreadthreflectedinthislistofdisciplines remainsachallengeforacoherentframeworkinwhichallthedifferentapproachesfind their systematic place. The presentations at this year’s Quantum Interaction conference covered seven thematic fields: (1) fundamental issues, (2) contextuality and correlations, (3) decision making, (4) complementarity, (5) social and cultural applications, (6) semantic repre- sentations,and(7)operatorsandoperator-valuedmeasures.Twodistinguishedkeynote speakers, Alexei Grinbaum (Saclay Research Center, Gif-sur-Yvette) and Ioannis Antoniou (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) added exciting novel research directions. Grinbaum’s contribution addresses the issue of correlations that apparently violate Bell-type inequalities and yet are of no conclusive quantum origin. The contributions by Dzhafarov and colleagues expand on this theme and suggest a quasi-classical correlation term (due to signaling) that needs to be subtracted from the measured correlations before evidence for nonlocal quantum correlations can be claimed. This development represents a truly novel step toward understanding quantum and post-quantum correlations in non-physical systems. The work presented by Antoniou is based on decades of previous research on mixing and chaotic systems that started with Gustafson, Misra, and Prigogine in the 1970s. A key point in this approach is a time operator that does not commute with a Liouville operator generating the dynamics of such systems. In an appropriately defined innovation space, this time operator gives rise to an “eigentime” that can be VI Preface relatedtothe“age”ofasystem.Inrecentwork,thesetopicshavebeenextendedtothe study of networks. The 22 papers included in this volume are based on the contributions to the con- ference.Eachoneofthemwasassessedbyatleasttworeviewersandrevisedaccording totheircomments.WearegratefultoallmembersoftheProgramCommitteefortheir hard work and timely delivery of reports. In an interdisciplinary area like this one, careful and accurate reviews are certainly not a matter of course. We are grateful for the splendid hospitality we experienced at the Lihn and thank HannesHochuliandhisstafffortheirsensitivecooperationinmatterslargeandsmall, ensuringthesuccessoftheconference.AlfredHofmannandAnnaKrameratSpringer provided helpful advice for the smooth and speedy publication of the proceedings in the Springer series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. And, last but not least, we thank Gerd Folkers, director at Collegium Helveticum, for his invaluable support. December 2015 Harald Atmanspacher Thomas Filk Emmanuel Pothos Organization Steering Committee Peter Bruza Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Trevor Cohen University of Texas at Houston, USA Bob Coecke Oxford University, UK Ariane Paris School of Economics, France Lambert-Mogiliansky Dominic Widdows Microsoft Inc., Seattle, USA General Chair Harald Atmanspacher Collegium Helveticum Zurich, Switzerland Program Chairs Thomas Filk University of Freiburg, Germany Emmanuel Pothos City University London, UK Program Committee Harald Atmanspacher Collegium Helveticum Zurich, Switzerland Irina Basieva Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden Reinhard Blutner University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Peter Bruza Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Trevor Cohen University of Texas at Houston, USA Thomas Filk University of Freiburg, Germany Peter beim Graben Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Emmanuel Haven University of Leicester, UK Andrei Khrennikov Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden Kirsty Kitto Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Ariane Paris School of Economics, France Lambert-Mogiliansky Bill Lawless Paine College, Augusta, USA Massimo Melucci University of Padova, Italy Emmanuel Pothos City University London, UK Meernoosh Sadrzadeh Oxford University, UK Sonja Smets University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands VIII Organization Sandro Sozzo University of Leicester, UK Jennifer Trueblood Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA Giuseppe Vitiello University of Salerno, Italy Dominic Widdows Microsoft Inc., Seattle, USA James Yearsley City University London, UK Website Claudia Bergomi University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland Contents Contextuality and Correlations Quantum Correlations: Challenging the Tsirelson Bound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Alexei Grinbaum Contextuality-by-Default: A Brief Overview of Ideas, Concepts, and Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov, Janne V. Kujala, and Victor H. Cervantes Contextuality and the Weak Axiom in the Theory of Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 William Zeng and Philipp Zahn Measuring Observable Quantum Contextuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Jose Acacio de Barros, Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov, Janne V. Kujala, and Gary Oas Fundamentals Age and Time Operator of Evolutionary Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Ioannis Antoniou, Ilias Gialampoukidis, and E. Ioannidis Can Bohmian Quantum Information Help us to Understand Consciousness?. . . 76 Paavo Pylkkänen Non-Classical Probabilities from Pilot Wave Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Thomas Filk Why Linear? An Illustration Using a Geometric Model of Quantum Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Paul Baird On Incompatible Descriptions of Systems Across Scales of Granularity. . . . . 113 Harald Atmanspacher and Peter beim Graben Applications in Decision Making The Relation Between Acausality and Interference in Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Catarina Moreira and Andreas Wichert Do Preferences and Beliefs in Dilemma Games Exhibit Complementarity?. . . 142 Ismael Martínez-Martínez, Jacob Denolf, and Albert Barque-Duran
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