Quantum Interaction: 5th International Symposium, QI 2011, Aberdeen, UK, June 26-29, 2011, Revised Selected Papers PDF
Preview Quantum Interaction: 5th International Symposium, QI 2011, Aberdeen, UK, June 26-29, 2011, Revised Selected Papers
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7052 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Dawei Song Massimo Melucci Ingo Frommholz Peng Zhang Lei Wang Sachi Arafat (Eds.) Quantum Interaction 5th International Symposium, QI 2011 Aberdeen, UK, June 26-29, 2011 Revised Selected Papers 1 3 VolumeEditors DaweiSong PengZhang LeiWang TheRobertGordonUniversity SchoolofComputing,Aberdeen,AB251HG,UK E-mail:{d.song,p.zhang1,l.wang4}@rgu.ac.uk MassimoMelucci UniversityofPadua,DepartmentofInformationEngineering ViaGradenigo,6/B 35131Padova,Italy E-mail:[email protected] IngoFrommholz UniversityofBedfordshire ParkSquare,LutonLU13JU,UK E-mail:[email protected] SachiArafat UniversityofGlasgow,SchoolofComputingScience 18LilybankGardens,GlasgowG128QQ,UK E-mail:[email protected] ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-642-24970-9 e-ISBN978-3-642-24971-6 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-24971-6 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011939478 CRSubjectClassification(1998):F.1,F.2.1-2,F.4.1,I.2,I.6,I.5,H.3 LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Quantum Interaction (QI) based on Quantum Theory (QT) is being applied to domainssuchasartificialintelligence,humanlanguage,cognition,informationre- trieval,biology,politicalscience,economics,organizationsandsocialinteraction. After the highly successful previous meetings (QI 2007 in Stanford, QI 2008 in Oxford, QI 2009 in Saarbru¨cken, QI 2010 in Washington DC), the Fifth In- ternationalQuantumInteractionSymposium(QI2011)tookplaceinAberdeen, UK from 26 to 29 June 2011. This symposium brought together researchers in- terested in how QT interfaces with or solvesproblems in non-quantumdomains moreefficiently.ItalsolookedathowQTcanaddresspreviouslyunsolvedprob- lems in other fields. QI 2011received30 submissions.All contributions were reviewedby at least threereviewers.Thepaperswererankedaccordingtotheirrelevance,originality, quality, presentation, and citations in order to decide which submissions were to be accepted as full papers, short papers, or posters. In total 11 full papers, 8 short papers and 6 posters were accepted for presentation at the conference. These post-conference proceedings include the 23 accepted papers/posters that were presented and revised based on the reviewers’ comments and the dis- cussions at the symposium. They have been categorized into six main themes (sessions): language;semantic spaces; economics, politics and decision; psychol- ogy and cognition; information representation and retrieval; and computation and information. WewouldliketothanktheSteeringCommittee,ourinvitedspeakerChristo- pher Fuchs, the tutorial instructors, all the authors who submitted their work for consideration,all the participants, and the student helpers for their support andcontribution;andthemembersoftheProgramCommitteefortheireffortin providingusefulandtimelyreviews.OurgratefulthanksarealsoduetoIbrahim Adeyanju (local organization), Alvaro Francisco Huertas Rosero (graphical de- sign), David Young (website design and maintenance), Steven Begg (finance), Virginia Dawood (administration), and many other people who offered great help. We also would like to acknowledgethe financial support from the Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA). Finally, we hope everybody had a fruitful and enjoyable time in Aberdeen. July 2011 Dawei Song Massimo Melucci Ingo Frommholz Peng Zhang Lei Wang Sachi Arafat Organization Program Committee Diederik Aerts Free University Brussels Sven Aerts Free University Brussels Sachi Arafat University of Glasgow Harald Atmanspacher Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health (IGPP) Peter Bruza Queensland University of Technology Jerome Busemeyer Indiana University Bob Coecke Oxford University Trevor Cohen University of Texas, Houston Riccardo Franco Politecnico di Torino Ingo Frommholz University of Bedfordshire Liane Gabora University of British Columbia Emmanuel Haven University of Leicester Andre Khrennikov Linnaeus University Kirsty Kitto Queensland University of Technology Ariane Lambert-Mogiliansky Paris School of Economics William Lawless Paine College Massimo Melucci University of Padua Jian-Yun Nie Universit´e de Montr´eal Dusko Pavlovic Kestrel Institute and Oxford University Don Sofge Naval Research Laboratory Dawei Song The Robert Gordon University Keith van Rijsbergen University of Glasgow Salvador Venegas-Andraca Tecnolo´gico de Monterrey Giuseppe Vitiello University of Salerno Jun Wang The Robert Gordon University Dominic Widdows Google Inc. John Woods University of British Columbia Mingsheng Ying University of Technology Sydney Vyacheslav Yukalov Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Additional Reviewers De Vine, Lance Haven, Emmanuel Veloz, Tomas Table of Contents Keynote Talk Born’s Rule as an Empirical Addition to Probabilistic Coherence....... 1 Christopher A. Fuchs Language Introducing Scalable Quantum Approaches in Language Representation .................................................. 2 Peter Wittek and S´andor Dar´anyi Similarity Metrics within a Point of View ........................... 13 Sven Aerts, Kirsty Kitto, and Laurianne Sitbon Toward a Formal Model of the Shifting Relationship between Concepts and Contexts during Associative Thought........................... 25 Tomas Veloz, Liane Gabora, Mark Eyjolfson, and Diederik Aerts Semantic Spaces A Compositional Distributional Semantics, Two Concrete Constructions, and Some Experimental Evaluations .................. 35 Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Edward Grefenstette Finding Schizophrenia’s Prozac: Emergent Relational Similarity in Predication Space................................................ 48 Trevor Cohen, Dominic Widdows, Roger Schvaneveldt, and Thomas C. Rindflesch Spectral Composition of Semantic Spaces ........................... 60 Peter Wittek and S´andor Dar´anyi Economics, Politics and Decision Dynamic Optimization with Type Indeterminate Decision-Maker: A Theory of Multiple-self Management ............................. 71 Ariane Lambert-Mogiliansky and Jerome Busemeyer Pseudo-classical Nonseparability and Mass Politics in Two-Party Systems ........................................................ 83 Christopher Zorn and Charles E. Smith Jr. VIII Table of Contents A Quantum Cognition Analysis of the Ellsberg Paradox .............. 95 Diederik Aerts, Bart D’Hooghe, and Sandro Sozzo Psychology and Cognition Can Classical Epistemic States Be Entangled? ....................... 105 Harald Atmanspacher, Peter beim Graben, and Thomas Filk Quantum Structure in Cognition: Why and How Concepts Are Entangled....................................................... 116 Diederik Aerts and Sandro Sozzo Options for Testing Temporal Bell Inequalities for Mental Systems ..... 128 Harald Atmanspacher and Thomas Filk Information Representation and Retrieval Quantum-Like Uncertain Conditionals for Text Analysis .............. 138 Alvaro Francisco Huertas-Rosero and C.J. van Rijsbergen Modelling the Acitivation of Words in Human Memory: The Spreading Activation, Spooky-Activation-at-a-Distance and the Entanglement Models Compared................................................ 149 David Galea, Peter Bruza, Kirsty Kitto, Douglas Nelson, and Cathy McEvoy Senses in Which Quantum Theory Is an Analogy for Information Retrieval and Science............................................. 161 Sachi Arafat Computation and Information A Hierarchical Sorting Oracle...................................... 172 Lu´ıs Tarrataca and Andreas Wichert Quantum-Like Paradigm: From Molecular Biology to Cognitive Psychology...................................................... 182 Masanari Asano, Masanori Ohya, Yoshiharu Tanaka, Ichiro Yamato, Irina Basieva, and Andrei Khrennikov Posters A Quantum-Conceptual Explanation of Violations of Expected Utility in Economics.................................................... 192 Diederik Aerts, Jan Broekaert, Marek Czachor, and Bart D’Hooghe Table of Contents IX On the Nature of the Human Mind: The Cognit Space Theory......... 199 George Economides Quantum Phenomenology and Dynamic Co-Emergence ............... 205 Christian Flender Envisioning Dynamic Quantum Clustering in Information Retrieval .... 211 Emanuele Di Buccio and Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio Contextual Image Annotation via Projection and Quantum Theory Inspired Measurement for Integration of Text and Visual Features...... 217 Leszek Kaliciak, Jun Wang, Dawei Song, Peng Zhang, and Yuexian Hou MPEG-7 Features in Hilbert Spaces: Querying Similar Images with Linear Superpositions ............................................ 223 Elisa Maria Todarello, Walter Allasia, and Mario Stroppiana Author Index.................................................. 229 Born’s Rule as an Empirical Addition to Probabilistic Coherence Christopher A. Fuchs Perimeter Institutefor Theoretical Physics Waterloo, Ontario Canada [email protected] Abstract. With the help of a certain mathematical structure in quan- tum information theory, there is a particularly elegant way to rewrite the quantum mechanical Born rule as an expression purely in terms of probabilities. In this way, one can in principle get rid of complex Hilbert spaces and operators as fundamental entities in the theory. In the place of a quantum state, the new expression uses a probability distribution, and in theplace of measurement operators, it usesconditional distributions. The Born rule thus becomes a story of probabilities going in and probabilities coming out. Going a step further: In the Bayesian spirit of givingequalstatustoallprobabilities–inthiscase,theonesonboththe rightandleftsidesoftheBorn-ruleequation–itindicatesthattheBorn rule should be viewed as a normative condition on probabilities above and beyond Dutch-bookcoherence. In opposition to Dutch book coherence, this new normative rule is empirical, rather than purely logical in its origin (and by way of that mustencodesomeofthephysicalcontentofquantumtheory),butthere maybeothernon-quantumsituationsthatwarrantthesameorasimilar addition to Dutch-book coherence: I make no judgment one way or the other,butIhopethatthiswayofrewritingquantumtheorymayprovide a suggestive new language for some of the non-quantum topics of this meeting. D.Songetal.(Eds.):QI2011,LNCS7052,p.1,2011. (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Introducing Scalable Quantum Approaches in Language Representation Peter Wittek and S´andor Dara´nyi Swedish School of Library and Information Science G¨oteborg University & University of Bor˚as All´egatan 1, 50190 Bor˚as, Sweden [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. High-performance computational resources and distributed systemsarecrucialforthesuccessofreal-worldlanguagetechnologyap- plications. The novelparadigm of general-purpose computingon graph- ics processors (GPGPU) offers a feasible and economical alternative: it has already become a common phenomenon in scientific computation, with many algorithms adapted to the new paradigm. However, appli- cations in language technology do not readily adapt to this approach. Recent advances show the applicability of quantum metaphors in lan- guage representation, and many algorithms in quantummechanics have alreadybeenadaptedtoGPGPUcomputing.SQUALARaimstomatch quantum algorithms with heterogeneous computing to develop new for- malismsofinformationrepresentationfornaturallanguageprocessingin quantumenvironments. 1 Introduction Quantum mechanics is a very successful scientific theory for making predictions about systems with inherent ambiguity in them. That natural language bears similarities with such a system is at least plausible. Recent advances in theory and experimentation to apply quantum mechanics to non-quantum domains in- clude the use of quantum algorithms to address, or to more efficiently solve, problems in such domains (including contrasts between classical vs. quantum methods), such as applications of artificial intelligence, information retrieval, and language modelling. Thequantummetaphorpromisesimprovedmethodologiestocapturethesub- tleties andambiguitiesofhumanlanguage,resultinginoptimisedalgorithmsfor text processing. The purpose of SQUALAR is to investigate methods borrowed from the field of quantum mechanics in a wide range of large-scale language technology applications by seeking a match between quantum algorithms and heterogeneous computing. To this end, a scalable environment is a must. Latest trends indicate the rise ofaheterogeneousplatforminwhichmulti-corecentralprocessingunits(CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) work together in a distributed-memory parallelism. CPU-basedparallelism has been utilized for decades, and while not D.Songetal.(Eds.):QI2011,LNCS7052,pp.2–12,2011. (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
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