Quantitative Research on Street Interface Morphology: Comparison Between Chinese and Western Cities PDF
Preview Quantitative Research on Street Interface Morphology: Comparison Between Chinese and Western Cities
Yu Zhou Quantitative Research on Street Interface Morphology Comparison Between Chinese and Western Cities Quantitative Research on Street Interface Morphology Yu Zhou Quantitative Research on Street Interface Morphology Comparison Between Chinese and Western Cities Yu Zhou Department of Architecture Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China This book is supported by the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of The Ministry of Education of China (Project No.: 21YJAZH128), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (for Young Scholars) (Project No.: 51508210) and the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Architectural Science of South China University of Technology (Project No.: 2017ZB04). ISBN 978-981-19-2548-1 ISBN 978-981-19-2549-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2549-8 Jointly published with China Architecture & Building Press The print edition is not for sale in China (Mainland). Customers from China (Mainland) please order the print book from: China Architecture & Building Press. ISBN of the Co-Publisher’s edition: 978-7-112-22687-0 Translation from the Chinese Simplified language edition: “Jie Dao Jie Mian Xing Tai de Liang Hua Yan Jiu” by Yu Zhou, © China Architecture & Building Press 2018. Published by China Architecture & Building Press. All Rights Reserved. © China Architecture & Building Press 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore This book is dedicated to students majoring in urban planning and architecture, urban planning regulators, as well as anyone who is interested in urban research. Preface This book conducts a comprehensive study on street interface and is committed to providing theoretical and technical support for the planning, control, and construction of urban street interface in China. The first part of this book comprehensively analyzes the historical evolution of street interface from the macroperspective of history and region and fully shows the differences of various street interface morpholo- gies through the comparison between China and the West, so as to lay a cognitive foundation for the subsequent quantitative research. Next, by reviewing the short- comings of the existing quantitative methods of street interface morphology, a quanti- tative method combining the parameters of “interface density” and “near-line ratio” is constructed to characterize the primary morphological characteristics of urban street interface in China. Finally, this book makes an empirical study on the appli- cation of the quantitative method in planning management and control, which fully demonstrates the practical significance of this study. This book fully reveals the historical and regional differences of street inter- face morphology and clarifies the internal relationships between street interface morphology and urban form, planning regulations, and cultural traditions, which can improve the basic understanding of street interface management and control in China’s planning sector. The proposed quantitative method can provide feasible technical support for the management and construction of street interface, and play a positive role in promoting the construction of planning laws and standards. Wuhan, China Yu Zhou vii Acknowledgments This book is a further development from my doctoral dissertation. First of all, I would like to thank for the many help and care I received during my study in the School of Architecture of Tianjin University. I want to thank my doctoral advisor, Prof. Zhang Yukun, whose respectable character, rigorous academic attitude, and continuing teaching have benefited me a lot. Professor Zhang’s words and deeds over the years have had a significant impact on my study and research, and also given me many thoughts and insights, which are precious treasures for my life. Also, I would like to thank my master advisor, Prof. Zhao Jianbo, for his earnest teaching over the years. From my undergraduate to master study, the guidance given by Prof. Zhao always enlightened and broadened my thinking, no matter in design or in research. In my daily study, Prof. Zhao cultivated my habit of positive thinking and rigorous learning attitude. When choosing the topic of my thesis, he encouraged me to choose the more challenging one and explore the unknown academic field. Thanks to Dr. Yuan Sinan in Tianjin University for his technical support in the virtual reality experiment mentioned in this book. Without his help, the experiment would hardly complete. Thanks to my high school classmate, Dr. Liu Xiaolin, from the Department of Mathematics, Tsinghua University. Without his help in mathe- matics, the accurate expression of quantitative ideas in the relevant chapters about the derivation of the quantitative method in this book will be difficult to obtain. Eight years have passed since my doctoral graduation. After joining the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Huazhong University of Science and Tech- nology, I have received many help and care from my colleagues and friends. Thanks to Prof. Li Baofeng, the former Dean, Prof. Tan Gangyi, and Prof. Wang Yuan for their care for both my work and life. Thanks to my friend Wu Yihan for his help in the quantitative calculation using GIS in the follow-up study. Graduate student Geng xuchu participated in the study of street interface morphology of Chinese and Euro- pean cities, and Zhang Yu participated in the study of street interface morphology in Guangzhou. In addition, graduate students Wu Baihua and Li Yi participated in the collation of the manuscript. Thank you all. ix x Acknowledgments In addition, I would also like to thank the Humanities and Social Science Foun- dation of The Ministry of Education of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China for its financial support for the publication of this book. Thanks to all the teachers, classmates, and friends who have helped me, and also Ms. Gou Bingbing for her help in translation of this book. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their care and support, without which I cannot concentrate on the writing of this book. October 2021 Yu Zhou Contents 1 Introduction .................................................. 1 1.1 Research Background ..................................... 1 1.1.1 China’s Rapid Urbanization and Subsequent Urban Problems .................................. 1 1.1.2 Inadequate Efforts in Promoting Laws and Regulations in Urban Planning .................. 6 1.2 Research Questions ....................................... 9 1.3 Book Summary .......................................... 10 Part I Street Interface Through Different Times and in Different Regions 2 Urban Street Interface Morphology Through Different Times in China ...................................................... 15 2.1 Historical Review ........................................ 15 2.1.1 Tang-Song Period ................................. 15 2.1.2 Yuan–Ming–Qing Period .......................... 20 2.1.3 From Late Qing to the Republican Period ............ 25 2.1.4 After the Founding of the People’s Republic of China ......................................... 33 2.2 Evolution Characteristics .................................. 34 3 Urban Street Interface Morphology Through Different Times in Europe ..................................................... 37 3.1 Historical Review ........................................ 37 3.1.1 Classical Period .................................. 38 3.1.2 Feudal Period .................................... 43 3.1.3 From the Industrial Revolution to World War II ....... 48 3.1.4 After the World War II ............................. 54 3.2 Evolution Characteristics .................................. 54 xi xii Contents 4 Comparison of Street Interface Morphology Between China and the West .................................................. 57 4.1 Comparison of Street Interface Morphology Among Sample Cities in China and the West ........................ 57 4.2 Comparison of Planning Regulations on Street Interface Morphology Between China and the West ................... 58 4.2.1 Relevant Planning Regulations in France ............. 61 4.2.2 Relevant Planning Regulations in the United States .... 63 4.2.3 Relevant Planning Regulations in China .............. 65 4.3 Comparison of Architectural Cultural Traditions Related to Street Interface Morphology Between China and the West ... 66 4.3.1 Relevant Architectural Cultural Traditions in the West ....................................... 66 4.3.2 Relevant Architectural Cultural Traditions in China .... 68 4.4 Reflection of the Architectural Cultural Traditions on the Street Interface in Modern Cities ..................... 75 4.4.1 Reflection of the Architectural Cultural Traditions in the West ....................................... 75 4.4.2 Reflection of the Architectural Cultural Traditions in China ......................................... 76 4.5 Conclusion .............................................. 78 Part II Quantitative Method for Street Interface Morphology 5 Review on the Qualitative Research of Street Morphology ......... 83 5.1 Study of Street Morphology from Aesthetic Perspective ........ 85 5.1.1 Camillo Sitte and the Art of Building Cities .......... 85 5.1.2 Yoshinobu Ashihara and the Aesthetic Townscape ..... 86 5.2 Study of Street Morphology from Spatial Cognition Perspective .............................................. 87 5.2.1 Kevin Lynch and the Image of the City ............... 87 5.2.2 Allan Jacobs and the Great Streets ................... 88 5.3 Study of Street Morphology from Urban Transportation Perspective .............................................. 89 5.3.1 Neighborhood Unit ............................... 89 5.3.2 Transportation Network Planning ................... 90 5.3.3 Street Section .................................... 91 5.3.4 Traffic Calming ................................... 91 6 Review on the Quantitative Research of Street Morphology ....... 93 6.1 Review on the Quantitative Research of Street Network Morphology ............................................. 95 6.1.1 Space Syntax ..................................... 95 6.1.2 Route Structure Analysis ........................... 99 6.1.3 Network Density ................................. 104
The list of books you might like
