Quantitative Research in Education: A Primer PDF
Preview Quantitative Research in Education: A Primer
Quantitative Research in Education 2 Dedicated to Anita W. Hoy Vicky K. Adams Simply the Best 3 Quantitative Research in Education A Primer Second Edition Wayne K. Hoy The Ohio State University Curt M. Adams University of Oklahoma 4 FOR INFORMATION: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 3 Church Street #10-04 Samsung Hub Singapore 049483 Copyright © 2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hoy, Wayne K. Quantitative research in education: a primer / Wayne K. Hoy, The Ohio State University, Curt M. Adams, University of Oklahoma.—Second edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4833-7641-7 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Education—Research—Methodology. 2. Quantitative research. I. Adams, Curt M. II. Title. LB1028.H69 2015 370.72--dc23 2015006461 Acquisitions Editor: Terri Accomazzo Editorial Assistant: Georgia McLaughlin Production Editor: Libby Larson Copy Editor: Janet Ford 5 Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Proofreader: Alison Syring Cover Designer: Anupama Krishnan Marketing Manager: Ashlee Blunk 6 Detailed Contents 7 Detailed Contents Preface Acknowledgments CHAPTER 1 • The Nature of Research and Science Ways of Knowing Objectivity The Nature of Science The Empirical Nature of Science Scientific Tools The Scientific Approach Problem Hypothesis Reasoning Testing Theory: A Scientific Concept Theory Defined Meaning of Reality Components of Theory Concepts and Constructs Assumptions and Generalizations The Nature of Scientific Research Types of Quantitative Research Experimental and Nonexperimental (or Ex Post Facto) Research Theoretical and Practical Research Descriptive Research Summary Check Your Understanding Key Terms CHAPTER 2 • Concepts, Variables, and Research Problems Concepts Organizational Structure: Bureaucracy Alienation School Climate Trust Self-Regulated Climate Academic Optimism Variables Kinds of Variables 8 Operationalizing Concepts Research Problems Summary Check Your Understanding Key Terms CHAPTER 3 • Conceptual Foundations of Statistics Measures of Central Tendencies Measures of Variability Normal Distribution Populations and Samples Statistical Tests t Test F Test Chi-Square Test Effect Size Linear Regression and Coefficient of Correlation Multiple Regression and Multiple Coefficient of Correlation Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) Summary Check Your Understanding Key Terms CHAPTER 4 • Analyzing the Structure and Substance of Hypotheses Hypotheses Kinds of Hypotheses Imposter and Misconceived Hypotheses Imposters: Only One Variable Incomplete Hypotheses: Something Missing Tautologies: Nothing New Unspecified and Untestable Hypotheses Finding Hypotheses in Research Studies Analyzing and Diagramming Hypotheses Case I: Dichotomous Independent Variable and Continuous Dependent Variable Case II: Continuous Independent and Continuous Dependent Variables Case III: Categorical Independent and Categorical Dependent Variables Case IV: Categorical Independent (With More Than Two Categories) and Continuous Dependent Variables Case V: Hypotheses With More Than Two Variables The Invisible Condition: “Other Things Being Equal” Summary Check Your Understanding 9 Key Terms CHAPTER 5 • Generating Hypotheses Ideas for New Hypotheses Observing, Conceptualizing, and Hypothesizing Searching for Theoretical Underpinnings Theoretical Assumptions Developing Theoretical Rationales and Generating Hypotheses More Theory: More Hypotheses Self-Efficacy Collective Efficacy Academic Optimism Summary Check Your Understanding Key Terms CHAPTER 6 • Practical Applications Collective Trust Culture of Trust Measuring Organizational Trust Interpreting Organizational Trust Profiles Organizational Climate Climate of Openness Measuring Organizational Climate Interpreting Organizational Climate Profiles Guidelines for Improvement Improvement Science Improvement Science Cycle: Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Summary Check Your Understanding Key Terms Appendix A: Elements of a Proposal Part 1: The Introduction (Chapter 1) Part 2: The Literature Review (Chapter 2) Part 3: Methodology (Chapter 3) Appendix B: A Few Writing Tips Glossary References Author Index Subject Index About the Authors 10
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