Quantitative Paleozoology (Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology) PDF
Preview Quantitative Paleozoology (Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology)
P1:KNP 9780521887496pre CUFX260-Lyman 9780521 887496 February27,2008 11:23 This page intentionally left blank ii P1:KNP 9780521887496pre CUFX260-Lyman 9780521 887496 February27,2008 11:23 QuantitativePaleozoology Quantitative Paleozoology describes and illustrates how the remains of long-dead animalsrecoveredfromarchaeologicalandpaleontologicalexcavationscanbestud- iedandanalyzed.Themethodsrangefromdetermininghowmanyanimalsofeach speciesarerepresentedtodeterminingwhetheronecollectionconsistsofmorebro- kenandmoreburnedbonesthananother.Allmethodsaredescribedandillustrated withdatafromrealcollections,whilenumerousgraphsillustratevariousquantitative properties. R.LEELYMANisprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofMissouri-Columbia. AscholaroflateQuaternarypaleomammologyandhumanprehistoryofthePacific NorthwestUnitedStates,heistheauthorofVertebrateTaphonomy,and,mostrecently, thecoeditorofZooarchaeologyandConservationBiology. i P1:KNP 9780521887496pre CUFX260-Lyman 9780521 887496 February27,2008 11:23 ii P1:KNP 9780521887496pre CUFX260-Lyman 9780521 887496 February27,2008 11:23 CambridgeManualsinArchaeology GeneralEditor GraemeBarker,UniversityofCambridge AdvisoryEditors ElizabethSlater,UniversityofLiverpool PeterBogucki,PrincetonUniversity CambridgeManualsinArchaeologyisaseriesofreferencehandbooksdesignedforaninter- nationalaudienceofupper-levelundergraduateandgraduatestudentsandforprofessional archaeologistsandarchaeologicalscientistsinuniversities,museums,researchlaboratories, and field units. Each book includes a survey of current archaeological practice alongside essentialreferencematerialoncontemporarytechniquesandmethodology. Booksintheseries PotteryinArchaeology,CLIVEORTON,PAULTYERS,andALANVINCE VertebrateTaphonomy,R.LEELYMAN PhotographyinArchaeologyandConservation,2ndedition,PETERG.DORRELL AlluvialGeoarchaeology,A.G.BROWN Shells,CHERYLCLAASEN SamplinginArchaeology,CLIVEORTON Excavation,STEVEROSKAMS Teeth,2ndedition,SIMONHILLSON Lithics,2ndedition,WILLIAMANDREFSKY,JR. GeographicalInformationSystemsinArchaeology,JAMESCONOLLYandMARKLAKE DemographyinArchaeology,ANDREWCHAMBERLAIN AnalyticalChemistryinArchaeology,A.M.POLLARD,C.M.BATT,B.STERN,andS.M.M. YOUNG Zooarchaeology,2ndedition,ELIZABETHJ.REITZandELIZABETHS.WING iii P1:KNP 9780521887496pre CUFX260-Lyman 9780521 887496 February27,2008 11:23 iv P1:KNP 9780521887496pre CUFX260-Lyman 9780521 887496 February27,2008 11:23 Quantitative Paleozoology R.LeeLymanUniversityofMissouri-Columbia v CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB28RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521887496 © R. Lee Lyman 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2008 ISBN-13 978-0-511-38846-0 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-88749-6 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-71536-2 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. P1:KNP 9780521887496pre CUFX260-Lyman 9780521 887496 February27,2008 11:23 CONTENTS Listoffigures pagexi Listoftables xvii Preface xxi 1. TallyingandCounting:Fundamentals 1 PaleozoologicalConcepts 4 MathematicalandStatisticalConcepts 8 ScalesofMeasurement 8 MeasuredandTargetVariables:ReliabilityandValidity 11 AbsoluteandRelativeFrequenciesandClosedArrays 13 Discussion 16 BackgroundofSomeFaunalSamples 17 2. EstimatingTaxonomicAbundances:NISPandMNI 21 TheNumberofIdentifiedSpecimens(NISP) 27 AdvantagesofNISP 28 ProblemswithNISP 29 Problems,Schmoblems 30 AProblemWeShouldWorryAbout 36 TheMinimumNumberofIndividuals(MNI) 38 Strengths(?)ofMNI 43 ProblemswithMNI 45 Aggregation 57 DefiningAggregates 67 Discussion 69 WhichScaleofMeasurement? 71 Resolution 78 Conclusion 81 vii P1:KNP 9780521887496pre CUFX260-Lyman 9780521 887496 February27,2008 11:23 viii contents 3. EstimatingTaxonomicAbundances:OtherMethods 83 BiomassandMeatWeight 84 MeasuringBiomass 85 ProblemswithMeasuringBiomass(basedonMNI) 86 SolvingSomeProblemsinBiomassMeasurement 88 MeasuringMeatWeight 89 TheWeightMethod(SkeletalMassAllometry) 93 BoneWeight 102 BoneSizeandAnimalSizeAllometry 108 Ubiquity 114 MatchingandPairing 119 MorePairsMeansFewerIndividuals 121 TheLincoln–PetersenIndex 123 IdentifyingBilateralPairs 129 CorrectingforVariousThings 134 Size 137 Discussion 139 4. Sampling,Recovery,andSampleSize 141 SamplingtoRedundancy 143 ExcavationAmount 144 NISPasaMeasureofSampleRedundancy 146 VolumeExcavatedorNISP 149 TheInfluencesofRecoveryTechniques 152 HandPickingSpecimensbyEye 152 ScreenMeshSize 154 ToCorrectorNottoCorrectforDifferentialLoss 156 Summary 158 TheSpecies−AreaRelationship 159 Species−AreaCurvesAreNotAlltheSame 164 Nestedness 167 Conclusion 171 5. MeasuringtheTaxonomicStructureandComposition(“Diversity”) ofFaunas 172 BasicVariablesofStructureandComposition 174 IndicesofStructureandSimilarity 178 TaxonomicRichness 179 TaxonomicComposition 185
Description:The list of books you might like
