Quantitative composition and distribution of the macrobenthic invertebrate fauna of the continental shelf ecosystems of the northeastern United States

248 Pages·12.8 MB·English

by  Theroux, Roger B

% i?
NOAA NMFS
Technical Report 140 December 199s
and Distribution
Quantitative Composition
of the Macrobenthic Invertebrate Fauna
of the Continental Shelf
Ecosystems
of the Northeastern United States
RogerB. Theroux
RolandL.Wigley
U.S. DepartmentofCommerce
C
NOAA
DEPARTMENT
U.S.
OF COMMERCE
WILLIAM M. DALEY
SECRETARY
Technical
National Oceanic and
AtmosphericAdministration
NMFS
D.James Baker
UnderSecretaryfor Reports
Oceans andAtmosphere
NFiasthieorniaelsMSaerrviincee Technical Reports of the Fishery Bulletin
RollandA. Schmitten
AssistantAdministrator
forFisheries Scientific Editor
Dr.John B. Pearce
Northeast Fisheries Science Center —
National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA -^
166WaterStreet
Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1097
Editorial Committee
Dr. Andrew E. Dizon National Marine Fisheries Service
Dr. Linda L.Jones National Marine Fisheries Service
Dr. Richard D. Methot National Marine Fisheries Service
^ Dr. Theodore W. PietschUniversityofWashington
^1 Dr.Joseph E. Powers National Marine Fisheries Service
Dr. Tim D. Smith National Marine Fisheries Service
ManagingEditor
ShelleyE. Arenas
Scientific Publications Office
National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
7600 Sand PointWayN.E.
Seattle, Washington 98115-0070
NOAATechnical Report NMFS 140
ATechnicalReportoftheFisheryBulletin
Quantitative Composition and Distribution
of the Macrobenthic Invertebrate Fauna
of the Continental Shelf Ecosystems
of the Northeastern United States
Roger B. Theroux
Roland L. Wigley
December 1998
U.S.DepartmentofCommerce
Seattle,Washington
Suggestedreference
Theroux,RogerB.,andRolandL.Wigley.Quantitativecompositionand
distribution ofthe macrobenthic invertebrate fauna of the continental
shelfecosystems ofthe northeastern United States. U.S. Dep. Commer.,
NOAATech.Rep.NMFS 140,240p.
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CONTENTS
Introduction 1
OrderofDiscussion 2
PreviousStudies 2
MaterialsandMethods 5
MacrofaunaSamples 5
SamplingGear 6
SampleProcessing 6
DataTreatment 8
GeographicAreas 8
BottomSediments 9
Bathymetry 10
Temperature 10
SedimentOrganicCarbon 11
DescriptionoftheRegion 11
Topography 11
BottomSediments 13
SedimentOrganicCarbon 14
Hydrography 14
Zoogeography 16
Fauna] Composition— 19
Total Macrobenthos AllTaxonomicGroupsCombined 28
GeographicDistribution 28
Bathymetric Distribution 40
Relation toBottomSediments 47
Relation toWaterTemperature 51
Relation toSedimentOrganicCarbon 53
TaxonomicGroups 55
Porifera 56
Coelenterata 71
Hydrozoa 71
Anthozoa 75
Alcyonaria 75
Zoantharia 79
Platyhelminth.es 81
Turbellaria 81
Nemertea 85
Aschelminthes 91
Nematoda 91
Annelida 94
Pogonophora 100
Sipunculida 103
Echiura 108
Priapulida 108
HO
Mollusca
Polyplacophora I l()
(; stropoda II-1
ivalvia 124
Scaphopoda 130
Cephalopoda 135
Arthropoda 139
Pycnogonida 139
Ajachnida 143
Crustacea 143
()stracoda 144
(lirripedia 143
Copepoda 155
(lumacea 135
Tanaidacea 159
[sopoda 162
Amphipoda L65
Mysidacea 170
Decapoda 174
Bryozoa 178
Brachiopoda 181
Echinodermata 185
Crinoidea 186
Holothuroidea 187
Echinoidea 192
<)phiuroidea '. 199
Astentidea 205
1Iemi(hordata 208
Chordata 210
Amidiacea 210
DominantComponentsol the Macrobenthos 214
Frequency ofOccurrence 216
PercentageComposition 216
Geographic Distribution 216
Selected(leneraandSpecies 217
PhylumAnnelida 217
Phylum Mollusca 217
PhylumAnthropoda 217
Phylum Echinodermata 224
Bathymetri( Distribution 224
Relation to Bottom Sediments 225
Relation toWater remperature 225
Relation toSediment OrganicCarbon 226
Acknowledgments 227
LiteratureCited 227
Quantitative Composition and Distribution ofthe
Macrobenthic Invertebrate Fauna of the Continental ShelfEcosystems
of the Northeastern United States
ROGER THEROUX*
B.
ROLAND L.WIGLEY*
WoodsHoleLaboratory
NortheastFisheriesScienceCenter
NationalMarineFisheriesService,NOAA
WoodsHole,Massachusetts02543
ABSTRACT
Fromthemid-1950stothemid-1960'saseriesofquantitativesurveysofthemacrobenthic
invertebrate faunawere conducted in the offshore NewEngland region (Maine to Long
Island, NewYork). The surveys were designed to 1) obtain measures of macrobenthic
standing crop expressed in terms ofdensity and biomass; 2) determine the taxonomic
composition ofthefauna (ca. 567species): 3) map thegeneral featuresofmacrobenthic
distribution;and4)evaluatethefauna'srelationshipstowaterdepth,bottomtvpe,tempera-
turerange,andsedimentorganiccarboncontent.Atotalof1,076samples,rangingfrom3
to3,974mindepth,wereobtainedandanalyzed.
The aggregate macrobenthic fauna consists of 44 major taxonomic groups (phyla,
classes,orders). Astrikingfactisthatonlyfive ofthosegroups (belongingtofourphyla)
accountforover80%ofbothtotalbiomassandnumberofindividualsofthemacrobenthos.
The five dominant groups are Bivalvia, Annelida, Amphipoda, Echninoidea, and
Holothuroidea.
Othersalientfeaturespertainingtothemacrobenthosoftheregionarethefollowing:
substantial differences in quantity exist among different geographic subareas within the
region,butwithageneraltrendthatbothdensitvandbiomassincreasefrom northeast to
southwest;bothdensitvandbiomassdecreasewithincreasingdepth;thecompositionofthe
bottom sediments significantlv influences both the kind and quantity of macrobenthic
invertebrates,thelargestquantitiesofbothmeasuresofabundanceoccurringinthecoarser
grained sediments and diminishingwith decreasingparticle size; areaswith marked sea-
sonal changes in water temperature support an abundant and diverse fauna, whereas a
uniform temperature regimeisassociatedwithasparse,lessdiversefauna;and nodetect-
abletrendsareevidentinthequantitativecompositionofthemacrobenthosinrelation to
sedimentorganiccarboncontent.
Introduction each yearsince pre-Colonial days. The marine life in-
habiting New England offshore waters has been the
Thebroadcontinentalshelfoffthe northeasterncoast subjectofstudiesconductedfromtimetotimethrough-
ofthe United States is a particularly significant topo- out the past century. This has resulted in the acquisi-
graphicfeatureofthecontinentalmarginbecauseofits tionofaconsiderablebodyofknowledgeon thefishes
influenceonthemarinelifeoftheregion.Watermasses andplankton in thisregion,butinformationaboutthe
overlying this large shelf, and neritic waters generally, benthic invertebrates has been rather limited, espe-
arenotedfortheirabundanceofplankton,fishes,and
associated organisms, some endangered. Noteworthy
oBfantkh,eoarfefsthhoereriNcehwhaErnvgesltasnodfwfaitsehrst,haitnhcaluvdeibnegeGneotragkeens ***PPrreesseennttaaddddrreessss::3P5.OW.iBlsooxn3R0o6adEa,stWoFoldamsouHotlht-,,MMAA0022553463..
NOAATechnicalReportNMFS 140
dailyregardingquantitativeaspects.Becauseofthekey OrderofDiscussion
role played by macrobenthic invertebrates in the eco-
logicaldynamicsofthemarineenvironment,theiruse- The first section of this report briefly describes the
fulness to man as a food resource, their potential as principal physical features of the region, providing a
concentrators oftoxic substances that could be trans- generalbackgroundforunderstandingthedistribution
mittedthrough thefoodchain,andtheirusefulnessas ofthevariousfaunalgroups.Thissectionisfollowedby
indicators ofenvironmental change, the National Ma- themainbodyofdatadescribingthequantitativedistri-
rine Fisheries Service (formerly the Bureau of Com- butionof44faunalgroupsinrelationtothefiveenviron-
mercial Fisheries) of the U.S. Department of Com- mental parameters; 1) geography, 2) bathymetry, 3)
merce,NOAA,incooperationwiththeU.S.Geological bottomsediments, 4) bottomwatertemperatures, and
SurveyandtheWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution 5) sedimentorganiccarbon.Quantitativedataforgeo-
conducted a quantitative surveyofthe benthos ofthe graphicdistributionarepresentedattwodifferentlev-
entirecontinentalmarginoftheeasternUnitedStates. els:adetailedevaluationbasedoncalculationsforeach
The investigation of the macrobenthic invertebrates ofseveralhundredunitareas (20min inlatitudebv20
wasan integral partofabroadprogramofstudyofthe min inlongitude);andalessdetailedevaluation based
Atlantic continental margin (Emeryand Schlee, 1963; on six large geographical subareas within the region
Emery, 1966b). studied. Faunal groups are chiefly phyla, classes, and
This report is the second oftwowhich describe the ordersofmacrobenthospresentedinphylogeneticorder.
quantitativedistributionofmacrobenthicinvertebrates Thefinalsectionisasummaryoftheenvironmentalrela-
of the Atlantic continental shelfand slope. The first tionshipofthedominanttaxonomiccomponents.
(WigleyandTheroux, 1981) describesthequantitative
distributionofmajortaxonomicgroupsofmacrobenthic
invertebratesinhabitingthecontinentalshelfandslope PreviousStudies
between CapeCod, Massachusetts,andCapeHatteras,
North Carolina. Their distribution in relation to geo- One ofthe earliest studies in marine benthic ecology
graphiclocation,waterdepth,bottomsediments,range dealtwithpopulationsinhabitingtheWoodsHole-Vine-
in bottom water temperature, and sediment organic yardSoundareaoffsoutheasternMassachusetts(Verrill
carboncontentisconsidered. etal., 1873).Thiswell-knownstudyisnotonlythefirst
The present reportdescribes the quantitative distri- comprehensive report dealing with the New England
butionoftheprincipalgroupsofmacrobenthicinverte- marine benthos but also one ofthe earliest ecological
brates inhabiting offshore New England waters. The accounts ofmarine zoobenthos in all scientific litera-
area studied extends from the mouth of the Bay of ture. Included in the report are descriptions of new
Fundy eastward to Nova Scotia (longitude 64° West) species,anannotatedcatalogofanimalsfoundinVine-
and southward to central NewJersey. The quantity of yardSoundandvicinity,and,significantly,alargepartof
each major taxonomic group isconsidered in relation thereportisdevotedtodescriptionsofthebenthiccom-
to the same environmental variables. Only the broad munitiesandthebiotopestheyinhabit.Althoughasmall
distributional aspects of major groups are presented number of published reports on New England natural
andevaluatedhere.Otheraspectsofthebenthicfauna historyobservationsandtaxonomicstudieswereavailable
derived from these samples, such as community com- assourcesofinformationtosupplementtheirstudv(Ckaild
position, trophic zonation, faunal dominance and di- 1841.1870;Desor1851;Stimpson1851,1853;Verrill1867;
versity, andsimilartopicswill be the subjectsoffuture andothers),byfarthebulkofall informationcontained
reports. in thereportbyVerrilletal.isbasedon originalcollec-
The large database generated by the Continental tionsandobservations.
Margin Programcontainsawealthofvaluablegeologi- Between 1871 and 1887 nearly 2,000 benthic fauna
cal, faunal, and environmental information ofhistori- samples were collected in waters offthe northeastern
calaswellascurrentsignificance.Inadditiontoprovid- UnitedStatesbythe U.S. FishCommissionincoopera-
ing input for a variety of descriptive studies, as de- tion with the U.S. Revenue Service, U.S. Coast Survey,
scribedabove, thepotentialexistsforinformationcon- and zoologists from American universities. Dredging
tained in the database for ecosystem modeling tasks; and trawlingwere the principal methodsofcollecting
paleoecologicalandglobalclimatechangestudies;and samples. A large proportion ofthe samples were col-
benthicproductionestimates (Cohenetal. 1978, 1982; lected in coastal areas between New Haven, Connecti-
Cohen and Wright 1979; Warwick 1980; Rowe el al. cut, and Eastport, Maine; onlya moderate numberof
1986, 1988; Bourne 1987; Cohen and Grosslein 1987; collections were from offshore areas. Inshore opera-
Steimle 1987. 1990a, 1990b; Rowe et al., 1991; and tions were conducted from the vessels Moccasin,
others). Mosswood, Bachf, Speedwell, BlurLight, and to some ex-
CompositionandDistributionofMacrobenthicInvertebrateFauna
tent the Blakeand Fish Haii'k; however, the latter two 1918; Bartsch, 1922; Deichmann, 1930, 1936;andoth-
alsooperatedinoffshoreareas,asdidtheAlbatrossand ers). Ecological interests ofmarine scientists conduct-
thecharteredfishingschooner./oswReeves(Packard,1874, ingfieldstudiesinthisregioncenteredonplanktonand
1876: Agassiz, 1881; Smith and Rathbun, 1882; Tanner, fishes.Itwasnotuntilthe1940'sthatrenewedactivitiesin
1882;SmithandRathbun, 1889;Townsend, 1901). benthicecologyattainedasignificantlevel. Beginningin
Thisearlysamplingwas primarilyexploratory in na- thatdecadeanumberofinvestigationswereundertaken
ture. The participating zoologists faced a vast unstud- concerninginshorepopulations(Dexter,1944,1947;Lee,
ied fauna and a multitude ofspecies new to science. 1944; Phleger and Walton, 1950; Swan 1952a, 1952b;
Scientists mostactive in thiswork were chieflysystem- Parker, 1952; Pratt, 1953; Burbanck et al., 1956; Parker
atists; consequently the resultswere largely taxonomic andAthern,1959;Stickney, 1959;Rhoads, 1963;andoth-
accounts ofvarious groups. The following are typical ers).Ecologicalstudiespertainingtotheoffshorepopula-
examples: Smith, 1879, 1884; Harger,1880, 1883; tions commenced somewhat later, for example the re-
Rathbun,1880;Wilson,1880;Fewkes,1881;Verrill,1881, portsby:Parker(1948);Northrup(1951);Phleger(1952);
1884;Agassiz, 1883,WebsterandBenedict, 1884;Bush, Clarke(1954);Schroeder(1955,1958);Tayloretal.(1957);
1885; Bigelow, 1891). Professor Addison E. Verrill of Wigley(1959);Wieser(1960);Wigley(1960b);Chamberlin
Yale College, who collaborated closely with U.S. Fish and Stearns (1963); and Wigley and Emery (1968), are
Commission scientists, was undoubtedly the most pro- notableexamples.
ductive systematist ofthis, or perhaps anyera. He de- Perhaps the most significant event of this period,
scribed over one thousand species representing most relative to the present work, was the inauguration of
major invertebrate groups. Avery large percentage of quantitativebenthosinvestigationsoftheNewEngland
thesenewspeciesdescriptionswasbasedonspecimens marinefauna(Lee, 1944).Lee'sworkwasastudyofthe
collected offNew England. Although several prelimi- macrobenthic invertebrate fauna ofMenemsha Bight,
nary ecological studies of the offshore benthos were anembaymentofVineyardSound,Massachusetts.Years
reported(SmithandHarger,1874;Verrill,1874a,1874b; later,quantitativestudiesweremadeofthebenthosof
Agassiz 1888a, 1888b) andthereportsonsystematicsof LongIslandSound (Sanders, 1956;RichardsandRiley,
variousgroupscontainecologicalinformation,nocom- 1967),BuzzardsBay(Sanders,1958,1960;Wieser,1960),
prehensive ecological reports pertaining to the fauna Barnstable Harbor (Sanders et. al., 1962), Greenwich
ofthisregionwerepublished. Bay, Rhode Island (Stickney and Stringer, 1957),
The second milestone in ecological research ofthe Sheepscot Estuary (Hanks. 1964), Narragansett Bay
New England marine benthos was a comprehensive (Phelps, 1965), Rand's Harbor, Massachusetts
reportbySummeretal. (1913).Thisreportisbasedon (Burbanck et al., 1956), and other locales. In recent
three years of intensive sampling in Vineyard Sound years, due toincreasedinterest in potential impactsof
and Buzzards Bay by the Bureau ofFisheries in 1903, man'sactivitiesinoutercontinentalshelf(OCS) devel-
1904, and 1905. This useful publication not only lists opment and exploitation and in understanding the
the species occurring in the Woods Hole region but dynamicsofmarineecosystems,quantitative studiesof
includesspeciesdistributionchartsanddiscussessome the benthic fauna in the New England region have
physical conditions (temperature, depth, and sedi- undergonea markedincrease,ashavestudiesinother
ments) that influence the distribution ofanimals. To associated disciplines. Studies such asWigley (1961b);
this day, this remains the most thorough ecological Sanders et. al. (1962); Wiglev and Mclntyre (1964);
studyoftheNewEngland marinebenthos. Emeryetal. (1965);Nesis(1965);Sandersetal. (1965);
AftertheinvestigationbySumneretal. (1913),there Owen et al. (1967); Wigley and Emery (1967); Wigley
was a 30-year hiatus during whic—h ecological research (1968); Mills (1969); Wigley and Theroux (1970);
onNewEnglandmarinebenthos pa—rticularlythatcon- Haedrich,etal. (1975);Roweetal. (1975);Wigleyetal.
cerned with offshore invertebrates proceeded at an (1975); Uzmann etal. (1977); PearsonandRosenberg
exceedingly slow pace. Belding (1914), Allee (1922a, (1978); Maurer and Leathern (1980. 1981a, 1981b);
1922b, 1923a, 1923b, 1923c),Pytherch (1929),Stauffer Valentineetal. (1980);Magnusonet.al. (1981);Wigley
(1937),Avers (1938), andotherscontributedvaluable andTheroux (1981);MaurerandWigley(1982, 1984);
information on inshore populations. Rather few eco- Stehnle (1982); Caracciolo and Steimle (1983); Lear
logicallyorientedworkssuchasProcter (1933a, 1933b) andO'Mallevf1983);Steimle(1985);Roweetal. (1986);
and Bigelow and Schroeder (1939) pertaining to off- MaciolekandGrassle (1987);Michael (1987);Theroux
shorezoobenthosappearedduringthisperiod.Inaddi- and Grosslein (1987); Langton et al. (1988); Langton
tion totheforegoing, however, manystudiesofataxo- andUzmann(1988);Shermanetal.(1988);Langtonand
nomic nature containingvaluable ecological informa- Uzmann 1989, Langton et. al. (1990); and Rowe et. al.
tionwereissuedduringthistimespan (Rathbun, 1905, (1991),andaswellasothershaveprovidedmuchneeded
1925;Koehler,1914;Nutting,1915;Pilsbrv.1916;Heath, insightsintothecomplexecosystemsoftheregion.
NOAATechnicalReportNMFS 140
Severalpublishedindexesandbibliographiesinclude SourceAppendix.CompiledbyS.E.FeferandP.A.
manyreferencestothegeneralliteraturepertainingto Schetting for Biol. Serv. Program, Interagency En-
benthic invertebrates and allied subjects. Many ofthe ergy/Environment Res. and Dev. Program, Office
historical as well as the modern reports are included of Res. and Dev., U.S. Environmental Protection
amongthecitationsin thesebibliographies. Agency,publishedin 1980.
Theinterestedreadermaywishtoconsultthefollowing: 13 Benthic Productivity and Marine Resources ofthe
GulfofMaine. I. Babb and M. DeLuca (eds.). Na-
1 Fishery Publication Index, 1920-1954. U.S. Fish & tional Undersea Research Program, Research Re-
WildlifeServiceCircular36,publishedin 1955. port88-3, publishedin 1988.
2 Publicationsofthe UnitedStatesBureauofFisher-
ies 1871-1940. Compiled by Barbara B. Aller and AnotherresultofincreasedOCSactivityis thelarge
publishedin 1958. volume of information relating to benthic fauna ap-
3 A Preliminary Bibliography with KWIC Index on pearing in the so-called "gray" literature. Included in
the Ecology ofEstuaries and Coastal Areas of the this category are completion reports offield studycon-
Eastern United States. Compiled by Robert tracts, environmental impactstatements, public and pri-
LivingstonJr.andpublishedin 1965. vateagencyinvestigationreports,annualreports,andother
4 MarineandEstuarineEnvironments,Organismsand similar special documents. Manyappear in irregularse-
GeologyoftheCapeCodRegion,anIndexedBibli- ries,orareone-of-a-kindreports,ofteninphotocopiedor
ography, 1665-1965.CompiledbyAnneE.Yentsch, mimeographedformand,assuch,arenotalwayslistedin
M. R. Carriker, R. H. Parker, andV.A. Zullo, pub- the usual literature sources (e.g. Maurer. 1983; Michael
lishedin 1966. et.al., 1983;Pratt, 1973;alsoseeLiteratureCited).
5 FisheryPublicationIndex,1955-64.U.S.Fish&Wild- In addition toWigleyandTheroux (1981) thereare
life Service, Bur. Coram. Fish. Circ. 296, published several taxonomically or ecologically oriented reports
in 1969. based wholly or in part on the samples forming the
6 TheEffectsofWasteDisposalintheNewYorkBight. basisoftheNortheastFisheriesScienceCenter(NEFC)
CompiledbytheNationalMarineFisheriesService, benthicdatabase. Such reportsincludeWigley (1960a,
Middle Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Center, Sandy 1960b, 1961a, 1961b,1963a, 1963b,1965, 1966a, 1966b,
Hook,Newjersey, publishedin 1972. 1968, 1970, and 1973); Pettibone (1961, 1962, 1963);
7 CoastalandOffshoreEnvironmentalInventory:Cape Chamberlin and Stearns (1963); Emery and Merrill
Hatteras to Nantucket Shoals. Edited by Saul B. (1964);WigleyandMclntyre(1964);Emeryetal.(1965);
Sailaandpublishedin 1973. — Trumbull(1965);Merrilletal. (1965);WigleyandShave
8 Bibliographyoft—heNewYorkBight: Part 1 Listof (1966); Wigley and Emery (1967); Schopf (1968b);
Citations; Part 2 Indices. Compiled by the Na- HaynesandWigley(1969);Plough(1969);Hazel(1970);
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Merrill (1970); Wigley and Theroux (1970); Kraeuter
Marine EcosystemsAnalysisProgram,StonyBrook, (1971);WigleyandBurns (1971);WigleyandTheroux
N.Y,publishedin 1974. (1971); Bousfield (1973); Cutler (1973, 1977); Wigley
9 Fishery Publication Index, 1965-74. Compiled by andStinton(1973);Murray(1974);Wigleyetal. (1975);
M. E. Engett and L. C. Thorson, U.S. Dep. Com- Wigley and Messersmith (1976); Wigley et al. (1976);
merce, NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 400, pub- WilliamsandWigley (1977); Kinner (1978); Merrill et
lishedin 1977. al. (1978); Plough (1978); Brodeur (1979); Watling
10 ASummaryandAnalysisofEnvironmentalInforma- (1979a); Dickinson et al. (1980); Franz and Merrill
tionontheContinentalShelffromtheBayofFundy (1980b); Dickinson and Wigley (1981); Franz et al.
to Cape Hatteras (1977). Vol. II, Master Bibliogra- (1981);MaurerandWigley(1982,1984);Maurer(1983);
phy, Index, Acknowledgements. Prepared for the ShepardandTheroux (1983);Theroux1;Therouxand
BureauofLandManagementbyCenterforNatural Wigley(1983);Roweetal. (1986);Shepardetal. (1986);
Areas,publishedin 1977. Bousfield(1987);Rowe (1987);TherouxandGrosslein
11 The Bay Bib: Rhode Island Marine Bibliography, (1987); Langton and Uzmann (1988); Langton et al.
RevisedEdition.CoordinatedbyC.Q.DunnandL. (1988); Rowe et al. (1988); Sherman et al. (1988);
Z. Hale,editedbyA. Bucci,CoastalResourcesCen- Langton and Uzmann (1989); Langton et al. (1990);
ter. Northeast Regional Coastal Information Cen-
ter, Marine Advisory Service, National Sea Grant
Depository, Univ.ofRhodeIslandMar.Tech.Rep. Theroux. R. B. 1983. Collection data for the U.S. east coast
12 A70n,pEucbolliosghiceadlinCh1a9r7a9c.terization of Coastal Maine gCRaeosfmtemrreoerpn.oc,deNmCOoolAlllAue,scktNisaotnil.n.MtWahore.odNFoissrht.HhSoeelanes.,t,FNMioasrshtsehareciahesustseCFtietsnhst..eCrntUSr..pS,e.WcoiDomedepsn.
(North and Fast ofCape Elizabeth). Vol. 5, Data HoleLab.Ref.Doc.No.N:v_>7.280p. Unpubl.manus(ript.