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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants Quantification of the Effects of Air Pollution on Health in the United Kingdom MNO 22501104408 Mie! Is joswpeqsl] 4 . : % r5b i: e 4e vryP . a y = wl Pa QUANTIFICATION OF THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON HEALTH IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants ISBN 0 11 322102 9 CORRECTION Table 6.2 (page 38) Summary of APHEA estimates for ozone Line 5 should read across as follows: 65+ a O58 1.018, 1.058 and should be followed by a new line: COPD admissions Lose 8 1.043 1.022, 1.065 Department of Health January 1998 London: The Stationery Office DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants INFORMATION SERVICE | OC -OGFEBI998 © cx Hol. . Wellcome Centre for Medical Science! AG UR Chairman: Professor ST Holgate Chairman of Sub-Group on Quantification of the Effects of Air Pollution on Health in the United Kingdom: ProfessoJrG Ayres LONDON: THE STATIONERY OFFICE © Crown copyright 1998. Published with the permission of the Department of Health on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to The Copyright Unit, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ. ISBN 0 11 322102 9 WELLCOME LIBRARY _ 2 neral Collections Acknowledgements Acknowledgements We wish to thank Dr John Stedman of AEA Technology, National Environmental Technology Centre, Culham, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, who undertook all the calculations reported in Chapter 8. This report could not have been completed without his expert assistance. We are grateful to Aurelio Tobias of the Respiratory and Environmental Health Research Unit, IMIM, Barcelona, for supplying Figures Al.1 and Al.2 which appear in Appendix 1. We are grateful to the World Health Organization which supplied data used in the calculations reported in Chapter 8. We are grateful for the assistance of the Lung and Asthma Information Agency. ey Ties ire Si ae mno fthee eso fA rP olat He sit Contents Contents page Chapter 1: Executive Summary l Chapter 2: Introduction 2 Chapter 3: Particulate Matter 13 Chapter 4: Sulphur Dioxide Zo Chapter 5: Nitrogen Dioxide 2g Chapter 6: Ozone 39 Chapter 7: Carbon Monoxide 4] Chapter 8: Quantification of the Effects of Air Pollution on Health in the United Kingdom Dt Chapter 9: Summary and Conclusions ai Appendix I: Causality and Air Pollution 61 Appendix 2: Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations Zi Appendix 3: Membership of Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants 75 Appendix 4: Membership of Sub-Group on Quantification of the Effects of Air Pollution on Health in the United Kingdom Ve a of the ESfylf ectsa eo Sfe Aiinrs P olil utAi oon n pod oe i « *