Python Graphics: A Reference for Creating 2D and 3D Images

358 Pages·2018·15.56 MB·English

by  B. J. Korites

B. J. Korites
Python Graphics
A Reference for Creating 2D and 3D Images
B. J. Korites
Duxbury, Massachusetts, USA
Any source code or other supplementary material referenced by the author in this
book is available to readers on GitHub via the book’s product page, located at
www.apress.com/9781484233771 . For more detailed information, please visit
www.apress.com/source-code .
ISBN 978-1-48423377-1 e-ISBN 978-1-4842-3378-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3378-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018946635
© B.J. Korites 2018
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whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of
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While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and
accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the
publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may
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For Pam
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank my wife, Pam, for her patience during the many long days
and nights that I spent writing this book and for her understanding of the distant
stare I sometimes had while off in another world thinking of math and Python,
two of life’s great joys. I would also like to thank everyone at Apress, especially
editors Todd Green and Jill Balzano, who made the production of this book a
fast and seamless process.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Essential Python Commands and Functions
1.1 Programming Style
1.2 The Plotting Area
1.3 Establishing the Size of the Plotting Area
1.4 Importing Plotting Commands
1.5 Displaying the Plotting Area
1.6 The Plotting Grid
1.7 Saving a Plot
1.8 Grid Color
1.9 Tick Marks
1.10 Custom Grid Lines
1.11 Labelling the Axes
1.12 The Plot Title
1.13 Colors
1.13.1 Color Mixing
1.13.2 Color Intensity
1.14 Overplotting
1.15 Background Color
1.16 The Plotting Area Shape
1.17 How to Correct Shape Distortions
1.17.1 Applying a Scale Factor When Plotting
1.17.2 The Best Way: Scaling the Axes in plt.axis( )
1.18 Coordinate Axes
1.19 Commonly Used Plotting Commands and Functions
1.19.1 Points and Dots Using scatter( )
1.19.2 Lines Using plot( )
1.19.3 Arrows
1.19.4 Text
1.19.5 Lists, Tuples, and Arrays
1.19.6 Arrays
1.19.7 arange( )
1.19.8 range( )
1.20 Summary
Chapter 2: Graphics in Two Dimensions
2.1 Lines from Dots
2.2 Dot Art
2.3 Circular Arcs from Dots
2.4 Circular Arcs from Line Segments
2.5 Circles
2.6 Dot Discs
2.7 Ellipses
2.8 2D Translation
2.9 2D Rotation
2.10 Summary
Chapter 3: Graphics in Three Dimensions
3.1 The Three-Dimensional Coordinate System
3.2 Projections onto the Coordinate Planes
3.3 Rotation Around the y Direction
3.4 Rotation Around the x Direction
3.5 Rotation Around the z Direction
3.6 Separate Rotations Around the Coordinate Directions
3.7 Sequential Rotations Around the Coordinate Directions
3.8 Matrix Concatenation
3.9 Keyboard Data Entry with Functional Program Structure
3.10 Summary
Chapter 4: Perspective
4.1 Summary
Chapter 5: Intersections
5.1 Line Intersecting a Rectangular Plane
5.2 Line Intersecting a Triangular Plane
5.3 Line Intersecting a Circle
5.4 Line Intersecting a Circular Sector
5.5 Line Intersecting a Sphere
5.6 Plane Intersecting a Sphere
5.7 Summary
Chapter 6: Hidden Line Removal
6.1 Box
6.2 Pyramid
6.3 Planes
6.4 Sphere
6.5 Summary
Chapter 7: Shading
7.1 Shading a Box
7.2 Shading a Sphere
7.3 Summary
Chapter 8: 2D Data Plotting
8.1 Linear Regression
8.2 Function Fitting
8.3 Splines
8.4 Summary
Chapter 9: 3D Data Plotting
9.1 3D Surfaces