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NEW PYRACANTHA KOIDZUMII (ROSACEAE) TO THE ARKANSAS FLORA Brett Serviss E. Departmen ofBiology t Henderson State University Arkadelphia, Arkansas 71999-0001, USA. mtered species of Pyracantha outside o Additionally, also it is p: . A ably the first record of the genus Pyracantha growing spontaneously in the state. key anc INTRODUCTION At present, non-native species comprise approximately 21% of the Arkansas flora (Arkansas Vascular Flora new Committee 2006), with species of non-native plants continuously being documented and added (Peck & & Peck Many 2003; Serviss 2006; Serviss et 2006, 2008a, 2008b; Serviss Peck 2008). of the species al. when comprising these most recent records were well established encountered; initially therefore, ex- it is tremely important to record first encounters with escaped populations and monitor these new spontaneous occurrences of non-native species to evaluate their potential for becoming the next wave of invasive species & (Yatskievych Raveill 2001). Pyracantha a Eurasian genus consisting of about 10 species of woody, evergreen, thorny shrubs and is China Committee Krussmann trees (Bailey 1971; Flora of Editorial 2003; 1978). Species of Pyracantha are important as ornamentals because of their evergreen habit, and bright red, orange, or yellow-colored fruits become that persist well into winter. Several species of Pyracantha have established to various degrees across much of the southern US from California Florida and the Carolinas (NRCS but now, have to 1999), until not been recorded outside of cultivation in Arkansas. Pyracantha coccinea (D. Don) M.J. Roem. (scarlet firethorn) was previously documented for Arkansas now (Arkansas Vascular Flora Committee 2006). However, this record appears to be of questionable status regarding its position in the flora, as further investigation has led to the possibility that the specimen cited may in the checklist have simply been persisting from cultivation; and not actually spontaneous. As a result, upcoming it will apparently not be included in the atlas for the vascular flora of Arkansas (Brent Baker, pers. comm.). Additionally, a second possible record of Pyracantha in the state collected from Lafayette County in 1959 by Demaree (41944; UMO), was examined by the author and determined to be Crataegus (hawthorn). Subsequently, the record of P. koidzumii presented here is currently the only definitive record of this genus occurring outside of cultivation in Arkansas. SPECIMEN RECORD OF KOIDZUMII FOR ARKANSAS P. Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder formosana Kanehira) Formosa (P. (Rosaceae). firethorn is a large, m evergreen shrub or small tree to about 4(5.5) in height that is native to Taiwan. In addition to Arkansas, Formosa firethorn has been documented outside of cultivation in the US in Alabama, Arizona, Florida, NRCS Georgia, and South Carolina, as determined from the national database kept by flora (1999). ' Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(1) key has Many species of Pyracantha are difficult to distinguish without careful scrutiny; thus the following been provided as an aid to identification. In addition to the approximately 10 currently recognized species No numerous hybrids and cultivars also occur. attempt to treat these additional in the genus, interspecific taxa made here a and descriptions of many of the hybrids and cultivars of Pyracantha, see Kruss- is (for list mann 1978). ENCOUNTERED ARKANSAS KEY TO PYRACANTHA SPECIES LIKELY IN At three species of Pyracantha: coccinea, for least P. P. and spontaneous seedlings are cultivated in the state, plants (Serviss 2006). sometimes narrowly apex acute, margins toothed Leaves usually so, elliptic, 1 . obovate-oblong, apex obtuse, rounded, or nearly Leaves usually oblong, oblanceolate, or 1. can be emarginate, margins toothed or entire (leaves of koidzumii elliptic, P. genera widest toward apex _ Leaf margins on most or leaves conspicuously toothed, leaves 2. all Leaf margins entire, a few leaves may have a few widely spaced teeth, 2. from by evergreen but Pyracantha can sometimes be confused with certain species of Crataegus, differs it its with thorns deciduous and two ovules per carpel. Crataegus species are leafless habit, leafy thorns, fertile Pyracantha The narrow, unlobed, finely-toothed leaves of and only one ovule per carpel. generally fertile from can also be useful in distinguishing Crataegus. it ACKNOWLEDGMENTS my who and brought would thank daughter, Annabelle Serviss, initially discovered to like to sincerely I my Arkansas) providing information regard- Brent Baker (University of for attention le hoidzumv. plant, P. Columbia) ing the current status of Pyracantha in Arkansas, Robin Kennedy (University of Missouri at for Maddox providing a specimen loan, Guy Nesom (University of Texas at Austin), Victor (Mississippi State anonymous comments and suggestions regarding this paper, and one reviewer for their helpful University), and Henderson University Biology Department for supporting this research. the State Arkansas Vascular Flora Committee. 2006. Checklist of the vascular plants of Arkansas. University Herbarium, Depart- ment of Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. New LH. 1949. Manual of cultivated plants. MacMillan. York, NY. Bailey, Baker, B. (Brent). Personal communication. Botanist, University of Arkansas Herbarium, Fayetteville. Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2003. Flora of China. Vol. 9 (Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae). Beijing (China): Science Press, and Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 108-1 10. St. p. Krussmann, G. 1978. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs. Vol. Timber Press. Portland, OR. 3. Peck, J.H. 2003. Additions, re-instatements, exclusions, and re-exclusions to the Arkansas flora. Sida 21: 1737-1757. New Peck, J.H. and B.E. Serviss. 2006. and noteworthy collections for Arkansas. Sida 22:81 7-820. New and 2008. and noteworthy records of several non-native vascular plant species Serviss, B.E. J.H. Peck. in Arkansas. Texas 2:637-641. Bot. Res. Inst. J. and Serviss, B.E., N. Freeman, Hernandez, A. Leible, CTalley. 2008a. Tungoil tree (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.) (Euphorbi- J. new 28-1 aceae) to the Arkansas flora. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 61 30. J. :1 Negundo negundo Serviss, B.E., N. Freeman, J. Hernandez, A. Leible, CTalley, and B. Baker. 2008b. chaste tree (Vitex L.) new (Verbenaceae) to the Arkansas flora. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 61:131-1 33. J. woody 2006. Non-native plants of Arkansas. Available at http://www.hsu.edu/servisb. Accessed on Serviss, B.E. November 14 2008. N. Freeman, and Melancen. 2006. Chinese flame tree {Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch.) (Sapindaceae) Serviss, B.E., S. new to the Arkansas flora. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 60:1 97-1 99. J. USDA, NRCS. 999. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Avail- 1 November able at http://plants.usda.gov. Accessed on 14 2008. Yatskievych, G. and J.A. Raveill 2001 Notes on the increasing proportion of non-native angiosperms in the Missouri . new flora, with reports of three genera for the state. 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