Puzzling Out the Past: Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Bruce Zuckerman PDF
Preview Puzzling Out the Past: Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Bruce Zuckerman
Puzzling Out the Past Culture and History of the Ancient Near East FoundingEditor M.H.E. Weippert Editor-in-Chief Thomas Schneider Editors Eckart Frahm W. Randall Garr B. Halpern Theo P.J. van den Hout Irene J. Winter VOLUME55 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.nl/chan Puzzling Out the Past Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Bruce Zuckerman Editedby Marilyn J. Lundberg Steven Fine Wayne T. Pitard LEIDEN•BOSTON 2012 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Puzzlingoutthepast:studiesinNorthwestSemiticlanguagesandliteraturesinhonorofBruceZuckerman/editedbyMarilynJ. Lundberg,StevenFine,WayneT.Pitard. p.cm.–(CultureandhistoryoftheancientNearEast;55) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-90-04-22715-6(hardback:alk.paper)1.Semiticphilology.I.Lundberg,MarilynJ.II.Fine,Steven.III.Pitard,WayneT. (WayneThomas)IV.Zuckerman,Bruce. PJ3002.Z5Z832012 492–dc23 2012003100 ISSN1566-2055 ISBN9789004227156(hardback) ISBN9789004227163(e-book) Copyright2012byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,GlobalOriental,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishersandMartinusNijhoffPublishers. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillNV providedthattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter, 222RosewoodDrive,Suite910,Danvers,MA01923,USA. Feesaresubjecttochange. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. CONTENTS Preface ......................................................................................... vii BruceZuckermanPublications ............................................................... ix Abbreviations .................................................................................. xiii ListofContributors............................................................................ xv “WhereWillYehoyiˇsma#Go?”:AReconsiderationofTADB. ............................ 1 AnnalisaAzzoni YetAnotherJewishTombstonefromLateAntiqueZoar/Zoora:TheFuneraryMarkerof HannahDaughterofLevi................................................................. 7 JacobBitton,NathanDweckandStevenFine Q,FragmentReconsidered ........................................................... 13 EdwardM.Cook Space,Line,andtheWrittenBiblicalPoeminTextsfromtheJudeanDesert............... 19 F.W.Dobbs-Allsopp AnInscribedBullawithGrazingDoefromTel#Eton........................................ 63 AvrahamFaustandEstherEshel TorahandTestament:TeachingandLearningScriptureinDialogueandin Hermeneutics.............................................................................. 71 ZevGarber MethodologicalPrinciplesinDeterminingthattheSo-CalledJehoashInscriptionis Inauthentic................................................................................. 83 EdwardL.Greenstein GleaningsfromtheComprehensiveAramaicLexiconI:PreviouslyUnknownSyriac Words...................................................................................... 93 StephenA.Kaufman JobintheLightoftheKetefHinnomInscriptionsandAmulets ......................... 99 TheodoreJ.Lewis NewDrawingsandPhotographsofFourCypriotInscriptions .............................. 115 MarilynJ.Lundberg AnInscribedArrowheadofaCrownPrinceofBabylon..................................... 127 P.KyleMcCarter,Jr. Jonah:—TheDescenttotheNetherworldandItsMesopotamianCongeners ........... 131 ShalomM.Paul NoddingScribeandHeavyThumb:TheScribalErrorsinCAT .III–V............ 135 WayneT.Pitard NewLighting ontheAmarnaLetters:MainlyLondon,BerlinandParis.................... 155 AnsonF.Rainey(cid:236)(cid:167)(cid:167)(cid:230) vi contents AnOldHebrewStoneInscriptionfromtheCityofDavid:ATrainedHandanda RemedialHandontheSameInscription................................................. 189 ChristopherA.Rollston Whywas“OldPoetry”UsedinHebrewNarrative?HistoricalandCultural ConsiderationsaboutJudges............................................................ 197 MarkS.Smith SqueezingBloodfromaStone:TheArchaeologicalContextoftheIncirliInscription ..... 213 LynnSwartzDodd Mesha’sRytintheContextofMoabiteandIsraeliteBloodletting ........................... 235 ZionyZevit IndexofScripture.............................................................................. 239 IndexofTextsandInscriptions ............................................................... 244 IndexofNames ................................................................................ 248 Appendix—ExhibitionCatalogue............................................................. 255 Plates ........................................................................................... 309 PREFACE Inthecourseofhisacademiccareer,BruceZuckermanhastransformedthewaysthatwelookat ancientSemiticinscriptions.Thankstohisefforts,themostimportantinscriptionsofbiblical times have been reread and the history of the biblical period reimagined. From Elephantine to Wadi Daliyeh, from the Ketef Hinnom inscriptions to Dead Sea Scrolls, Bruce has almost single-handedly taken what is arguably one of the most stodgy of academic disciplines from the era of pen and ink drawings and poorly lit black-and-white photography into the age of digitized“space-age”technology. Mostimportantly,thetransformationwroughtbyZuckermanhasbeendonewithnoguile or interest in self-aggrandizement. In the tradition of the biblical Abraham, as read through the prism of the Rabbis, his tent has been open from four sides so that all who could gain from his advancements could find their ways into the research and benefit from the process. This metaphor is more literal than many might imagine, for who among the contributors to thisvolumehasnotjoinedBruceatUSC,beensupportedbyBruceforsomefellowship,jobor grant,orbeenwelcometosleepathishousewhileconductingresearchwiththeWestSemitic team?ThecreationofMaarav:AJournalfortheStudyoftheNorthwestSemiticLanguagesand Literatures provided a vehicle for this community, that is now in its th volume, bringing togetherscholarsandscholarshipacrossdisciplines,unitedintheirfascinationwiththeancient NearEast. As an undergraduate instructor and graduate mentor, Bruce has brought even beginning studentsintotheinnersanctumofscholarlyresearch,empoweringthemtostudytheintricacies of anything from cylinder seals to Roman coins, forming the “USC Archaeological Research Collection” as a premiere laboratory and nursery where young scholars and new research techniques can develop. From his perch at USC, an institution with no graduate program in hisfieldforBrucetobuild,hehascreatedbothahumanandavirtualcommunityofscholars andfriends,eachworkingonsomeaspectoftheancientNearEast,itslanguagesandculture— andeachbenefitingfromnewtechnologicalinnovations. Bruce’s willingness to embrace new technologies in the pursuit of better data has meant that thousands of high-quality, high-resolution images of ancient texts and artifacts are now available to researchers all over the world. With the help of his brother Kenneth Zuckerman, a life-long photographer, Bruce began early to utilize professional photographic equipment andtechniques.Atfirstitwasmedium-formatcamerasandfilm,laterlarge-format(inchby inch) technologies. As high-end digital scanners became available, these film images were scanned and made available to researchers, with the help of Bruce’s colleague Leta Hunt, via the InscriptiFact Digital Image Library, free of charge. The switch to digital photography came in , and with it, an increasing number of technologies that make the capture of the fine details of texts and artifacts ever more possible. Under Bruce’s direction, the West Semitic Research team, which also includes Marilyn Lundberg, utilizes large-format digital photography,ReflectanceTransformationImaging,panoramicrollouts,andPanoscancaptures ofsites.ItisastrengthofBruce’svisionthatheisconstantlyonthelookoutfornewtechnologies thatwillaidthestudyoftheancientNearEast. Zuckerman’sscholarshipisfargreaterthanthatofteacher,academicfacilitatorandtechnol- ogymaven,however.Brucebeganworkingwiththetechnologyofepigraphyoutoffrustration thathecouldnotproperlyreadancienttexts,andinthebeliefthathecoulddobetter.Thissense thathecouldgobeyondissurelyagiftofhisCaliforniaupbringing,havingspenthisformative viii preface yearsamongthepioneersoftheHollywoodfilmandtelevisioncommunity.Itwashisteachersat Yale,however,whoprovidedBrucewiththeessentialtoolsofhistrade,firstandforemostJudah Goldin,FranzRosenthalandMarvinPope.WhileRosenthal’sphilologicalexactitudecanbefelt inallofBruce’swritings,thepoetryofGoldinandPopeareclearlyevidentinthepresentation ofhisresults.Bruceprideshimselfonhiswriting,andrightlyso.Manyhavebenefitedfromhis keeneditorialeyeandabilitytoturnaphrase.Bruce’spoeticsideisgivenampleexpressionin hisliterarystudies,mostprominentlyinhisJobthe Silent:A StudyinHistorical Counterpoint (Oxford,),abookthathededicatedtoPope,whomhewrites“taughtusnottobeafraid touseourimagination.”JobtheSilentbringstogetherZuckerman’slovefortheversionsofJob (hewrotehisdissertationontheJobTargumfromQumran)withhisfocusongreatliterature as biblical interpretation, and ranges from the ancient Near East to the New Testament, the writingsoftheTalmudicRabbisandY.L.Peretz’sclassicYiddishstory,“BontsyetheSilent.” Puzzling Out the Past: Making Sense of Ancient Inscriptions from Biblical Times was the title of an exhibition that was curated by Zuckerman, together with Steven Fine, at Wilshire Boulevard Temple in Los Angeles in . In this exhibition, Zuckerman first presented his technologicalgainstoawiderpublic.Theexhibitionwasmorethanthat,however.Eachelement oftheshowwaspresentedasagame.Inonesection,“ACuneiformJigsawPuzzle,”Bruce(with Robert Ratner) led visitors through their rereading of a Canaanite ritual text, written on a cuneiform tablet, showing how the text could not possibly read “cook a kid in milk”—long afavoriteofbiblicalinterpreters.Inanother,“FindtheHiddenPieces,”he(withWaynePitard) showed how to read the Bir Haddad inscription. Other sections focused on seal inscriptions (withFrankM.Cross,JosephNavehandAndréLemaire),theElephantinepapyri(withBezalel Porten,StephenA.Kaufman,AdaYardeniandPeterLawson),andWadiDaliyieh(withFrank A. Cross and Douglas M. Gropp). Many of the contributors to this volume were participants intheworkthatledtoPuzzlingOutthePast.Forthatreason,wehavenamedthisFestschrift toBruceZuckermanforthatexhibition,andfortheamazingsynergythathasmadehisoeuvre possible. AllofuswishtoexpressourdeepthankstoBruceforhisscholarlygenerosity,hisconstant encouragement,hisdelightfulhospitalityandhisdeepsenseoffriendshipandcollegiality.We wish him years and decades of further exploration, imaging, and, of course, puzzling out the meaningofthewritingsofthepast. BRUCEZUCKERMANPUBLICATIONS Books DoubleTakes:Thinking&RethinkingIssuesofModernJudaisminAncientContexts(Lanham:Univ.Press ofAmerica,)[co-authoredwithZevGarber];includingtwopreviouslyunpublishedarticles:“The Bible,theSistineChapelandtheLibertyBell:HowDoWeUnderstandtheBibleinTradition?”;“Every DotandTiddle:AConsiderationoftheLimitationsofComputerImagingfortheStudyofDeadSea Scrolls.” Facsimile Edition of the Leningrad Codex (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Leiden: Brill, ) [co-edited with A. Beck, D.N. Freedman, M.J. Lundberg, and J.A. Sanders; Photographs by B. Zuckerman, K.Zuckerman,M.Lundberg,G.Moller].(Editorinchargeofphotographyandproductionofimages.) JobtheSilent:AStudyinHistoricalCounterpoint(NewYork:OxfordUniv.,).Republished(slightly revised)inpaperbackedition,. Monographs Two Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from the Wadi el-Hol (Annual of the American Schools of Orien- tal Research , Part II; Boston: ASOR, ) [co-authored with J. Darnell, F.W. Dobbs-Allsopp, M.J.Lundberg,andP.K.McCarter,Jr.]. OurCulturalCommonwealth;TheReportof theAmerican CouncilofLearned SocietiesCommission on Cyberinfrastructure for the Humanities and Social Sciences (ACLS, ) [co-authored with John Unsworthetal.]. BookChapters “ConcreteAbstractions:AncientTextsandArtifactsandtheFutureofTheirDocumentationandDistri- butionintheDigitalAge,”inTextComparisonandDigitalCreativity(Leiden:Brill,):– [co-authoredwithLetaHuntandMarilynJ.Lundberg]. “TheDynamicsofChangeintheComputerImagingoftheDeadSeaScrollsandotherAncientInscrip- tions,” in Rediscovering the Dead Sea Scrolls: An Assessment of Old and New Approaches and Meth- ods (Maxine L. Grossman, ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, ): –; expanded and revised at http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/information/DynamicsDSS. “StrategiesfortheDevelopmentofaDigitalLibrary,”inDevelopingSustainableDigitalLibraries:Socio- Technical Perspectives (Hershey, PA: IGI Global, ) [co-authored with Leta Hunt and Marilyn J.Lundberg]. Articles “GettingBeyondtheCommonDenominator,”Literary and Linguistic Computing ()[co-authored with Leta Hunt and Marilyn Lundberg]. Online at http://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/early// //llc.fqr.full.pdf?keytype=ref&ijkey=QozlwxBwhCkIpz. “Non-Geographic Spatial Search in a Specialized Academic Digital Library,” International Journal of Technology,Knowledge&Society.():–. “AnAbecedaryoftheMid-TenthCenturyB.C.E.fromtheJudaeanShephelah,”BASOR():– [co-authoredwithRonTappy,P.KyleMcCarter,Jr.andMarilynLundberg]. “InscriptiFact, a Tool for Study of Ancient Near Eastern Inscriptions; Impact on Scholarly Practice,” InternationalJournalofTechnology,Knowledge&Society():–[co-authoredwithLeta HuntandMarilynLundberg]. “ShadingtheDifference:APerspectiveonEpigraphicPerspectivesoftheKheleifehJarStampImpres- sions,”Maarav():–,–(illustrations)(published,February,). “Where are the Flies? Where is the Smoke? The Real and Super-Real in Mel Gibson’s The Passion,”
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