Punjabi Immigrant Mobility In the United States: Adaptation Through Race and Class PDF
Preview Punjabi Immigrant Mobility In the United States: Adaptation Through Race and Class
Punjabi Immigrant Mobility in the United States This page intentionally left blank Punjabi Immigrant Mobility in the United States Adaptation through Race and Class Diditi Mitra pal grave macmillan PUNJABIIMMIGRANTMOBILITYINTHEUNITEDSTATES Copyright©DiditiMitra,2012. Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition2012978-1-137-03284-3 Allrightsreserved. Firstpublishedin2012by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN® intheUnitedStates—adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,Europeandtherestofthe World,thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillanPublishers Limited,registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,of Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited States,theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN978-1-349-44128-0 ISBN978-1-137-03285-0(eBook) DOI10.1057/9781137032850 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Mitra,Diditi. PunjabiimmigrantmobilityintheUnitedStates:adaptationthrough raceandclass/DiditiMitra. p. cm. 1. Panjabis(SouthAsianpeople)—NewYork—NewYorkCity. 2. Taxicabdrivers—NewYork—NewYorkCity. 3. Panjabis (SouthAsianpeople)—UnitedStates. I. Title. E184.P36M582012 305.891(cid:2)421073—dc23 2012019307 AcataloguerecordofthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServices Firstedition:November2012 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Gurkha This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables ix Author’s Note xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Introduction: Arriving, Being, and Becoming 1 2 Negotiating the State: Hoping to Belong 29 3 Looking for Work: Punjabi Choices and Punjabi Options 57 4 Experiencing America: On the Wheels of Race and Class 89 5 Fighting Back: Managing Subordination, Becoming Americans 139 6 Immigrant Punjabis: Living the “American Dream”? 165 Notes 191 Bibliography 197 Index 203 This page intentionally left blank Tables 1.1 Educational distribution of Punjabi immigrants 21 1.2 Parents’ educational level 24 3.1 Proportion of native-born and foreign-born drivers in New York City 67 3.2 Distribution of “odd jobs”: Actual numbers 79 5.1 Distribution of owner-drivers and “ethnic” driving arrangement 145
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