Pumps & Compressors

498 Pages·2019·32.272 MB·English

by  Marc Borremans

PumpsandCompressors
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Pumps and Compressors
MarcBorremans
ErasmusUniversityCollegeBrussels
Anderlecht,Belgium
ThisWorkisaco-publicationbetweenASMEPressandJohnWiley&SonsLtd.
Thiseditionfirstpublished2019
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Borremans,Marc,1951-author.
Title:PumpsandCompressors/MarcBorremans,ErasmusUniversityCollege
Brussels,Anderlecht,Belgium.
Description:Firstedition.|Chichester,WestSussex:JohnWiley&Sons
Ltd,[2019]|Series:Wiley-ASMEpressseries|Includesindex.|
Identifiers:LCCN2019009784(print)|LCCN2019012441(ebook)|ISBN
9781119534204(AdobePDF)|ISBN9781119534082(ePub)|ISBN9781119534143
(hardcover)
Subjects:LCSH:Pumpingmachinery.|Compressors.
Classification:LCCTJ900(ebook)|LCCTJ900.B672019(print)|DDC
621.6/9–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019009784
Coverdesign:Wiley
Coverimage:©FrancoNadalin/EyeEm/GettyImages,©esemelwe/GettyImages
Setin10/12ptWarnockProbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
PrintedandboundbyCPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
v
Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgment xvii
UsedSymbols xix
AbouttheCompanionWebsite xxv
PartI Pumps 1
1 GeneralConcepts 3
1.1 Hydrostatics 3
1.2 Flow 4
1.3 LawofBernoulli 5
1.4 StaticandDynamicPressure 5
1.5 Viscosity 6
1.6 ExtensionofBernoulli’sLaw 11
1.7 LaminarandTurbulentFlow 12
1.8 LaminarFlow 13
1.8.1 HydraulicResistance 13
1.8.2 HydraulicDiameter 14
1.9 TurbulentFlow 17
1.10 Moody’sDiagram 20
1.11 FeedPressure 24
1.11.1 GeodeticFeedPressure 24
1.11.2 StaticFeedPressure 24
1.11.3 ManometricFeedPressure 26
1.11.4 TheoreticFeedPressure 27
1.12 LawofBernoulliinMovingReferenceFrames 27
1.13 WaterHammer(HydraulicShock) 28
1.14 FlowMechanics 30
1.14.1 Hydrofoils 30
1.14.2 Applications 33
vi Contents
2 PositiveDisplacementPumps 35
2.1 ReciprocatingPumps 35
2.1.1 Operation 35
2.1.2 Flow 35
2.1.3 Valves 37
2.1.4 PistonSealing 37
2.1.5 PlungerPumps 37
2.1.6 HandPump 40
2.1.7 DoubleActingPump 41
2.1.8 MembranePumps 42
2.1.9 TriplexPumps 45
2.1.10 Hydrophore 45
2.2 MaximumSuctionHead 48
2.2.1 Theoretical 48
2.2.2 VaporPressure 49
2.2.3 Velocity 50
2.2.4 Barometer 51
2.2.5 Friction 51
2.2.6 Acceleration 52
2.2.6.1 Kinematics 52
2.2.6.2 Dynamics 53
2.2.7 AirChambers 56
2.2.7.1 SuctionSide 56
2.2.7.2 PressSide 57
2.3 CharacteristicValues 59
2.3.1 ManometricFeedPressure 59
2.3.2 TheoreticalPressure 59
2.3.3 PowerandEfficiency 60
2.3.4 Example 62
2.3.5 CharacteristicCurveofthePump 64
2.3.5.1 CharacteristicofthePipeLine 64
2.3.5.2 CharacteristicofthePump 64
2.3.5.3 Regulation 65
2.3.6 Conclusion 67
2.4 HydraulicPumps 69
2.4.1 Introduction 69
2.4.2 SlidingVanePump 69
2.4.3 GearPumps 71
2.4.3.1 ExternalToothing 71
2.4.3.2 InternalToothing 73
2.4.4 ScrewPumps 76
2.4.5 RadialPlungerPumps 78
2.4.6 AxialPlungerPumps 81
2.5 OtherDisplacementPumps 85
2.5.1 LobePump 85
2.5.2 PeristalticPump 88
2.5.2.1 Properties 89
Contents vii
2.5.2.2 Applications 91
2.5.3 MonoPump 91
2.5.4 FlexImpellerPump 95
2.5.5 SideChannelPump 97
3 DynamicPumps 103
3.1 RadialTurbopumps(CentrifugalPumps) 103
3.1.1 General 103
3.1.2 ImpellerForms 103
3.1.2.1 ClosedImpeller 103
3.1.2.2 Half-OpenImpeller 104
3.1.2.3 OpenImpeller 108
3.1.3 VelocityTriangles 108
3.1.4 Flow 109
3.1.4.1 Definition 109
3.1.4.2 FlowDeterminingComponentoftheVelocity 110
3.1.4.3 TheRelativeFlow 110
3.1.5 StaticPressureinaClosedPump 112
3.1.6 TheoreticalFeedPressure 114
3.1.6.1 LawofBernoulliinRotatingFrame 114
3.1.6.2 Discussion 114
3.1.6.3 TheoreticalFeedPressure 115
3.1.7 Diffusor 119
3.1.8 InfluenceofVaneAngle 121
3.1.8.1 Graphically 121
3.1.8.2 Analytically 122
3.1.9 PumpCurve 122
3.1.9.1 SystemCurve 122
3.1.9.2 BuildUpPumpCurve 123
3.1.9.3 OperatingPoint 124
3.1.10 PumpEfficiency 124
3.1.11 InfluenceRPM 125
3.1.12 FirstSetofAffinityLaws 125
3.1.13 SecondSetofAffinityLaws 127
3.1.14 Surge 127
3.1.15 ApplicationField 128
3.1.16 FlowRegulation 130
3.1.16.1 ThrottleRegulation 130
3.1.16.2 BypassRegulation 133
3.1.16.3 SpeedRegulation 134
3.1.16.4 Comparison 134
3.1.17 StartUpofthePump 135
3.1.18 HighPressurePumps 139
3.1.19 Roto-jetPump 139
3.1.20 VortexPumps 142
3.2 AxialTurbopumps 144
3.2.1 Operation 144
viii Contents
3.2.2 VolumetricFlow 144
3.2.2.1 AxialVelocity𝜈 144
3.2.2.2 PerpendicularSurfaceA′ 148
3.2.3 TheoreticalFeedPressure 149
3.2.4 Diffusors 152
3.2.5 VaneProfile 152
3.2.6 Half-AxialTurbopumps 155
3.2.6.1 Motivation 155
3.2.6.2 FrancisVanePump 155
3.2.6.3 MixedFlowPump 156
3.2.6.4 CharacteristicsofTurbopumps 158
3.2.7 ArchimedesScrew 159
3.3 TurbopumpsAdvanced 161
3.3.1 1stNumberofRateau 161
3.3.2 2ndNumberofRateau 163
3.3.3 HomologousSeries 164
3.3.4 OptimalHomologousSeries 167
3.3.5 RateauNumberswithAxialPumps 168
3.3.6 TheSpecificSpeed 168
3.3.7 Cavitation 172
3.3.8 NPSH 173
3.3.9 NPSHCharacteristics 175
3.3.10 CounteractingCavitation 175
3.3.11 Inducers 176
3.3.12 DoubleSidedEntry 180
3.3.13 CharacteristicsofPumps 180
3.3.14 SuctionSpecificSpeed 181
3.3.15 SeriesConnection 183
3.3.16 ParallelConnection 184
3.3.16.1 SimpleCase 184
3.3.16.2 CasewithIncreasingPumpCurve 184
3.3.17 InfluenceViscosity 187
3.3.18 SpecialTurbopumps 190
3.3.18.1 SubmersiblePumps 190
3.3.18.2 Electropumps 192
3.3.19 ContaminatedLiquids 193
3.3.20 CutterPumps 194
3.3.21 Mounting 195
4 Flow-DrivenPumps 205
4.1 General 205
4.2 LiquidJetLiquidPump 206
4.3 LiquidJetSolidPump 208
4.4 LiquidJetMixers 209
4.5 SteamJetLiquidPump 209
4.6 TheFeedbackPump 209
4.7 AirPressurePump 211
Contents ix
5 Sealing 213
5.1 LabyrinthSealing 213
5.2 LipSeals 217
5.3 V-RingSeals 220
5.4 GlandPacking 222
5.5 LanternRings 226
5.6 MechanicalSeals 228
5.6.1 Fundamentals 228
5.6.2 UnbalancedSeals 231
5.6.3 BalancedSeals 233
5.6.4 TheConfigurations 235
5.6.4.1 SingleInternalSeal 235
5.6.4.2 SingleExternalSeal 236
5.6.4.3 Back-to-backDoubleSeal 236
5.6.4.4 TandemDoubleSeal(Face-to-backSeal) 237
5.6.4.5 DualSeal 239
5.6.4.6 Face-to-faceSeal 239
5.6.5 CalculationofLiquidFlow 240
5.7 HydrodynamicSeal 241
5.7.1 HydrodynamicSealwithBackVanes 241
5.7.2 JournalBearing 242
5.7.3 HydrodynamicEffectConvergingGap 243
5.7.4 JournalBearingLiftForce 247
5.7.5 HydrodynamicMechanicalSeals 248
5.8 FloatingRingSeals 250
5.9 HermeticPumps 252
5.9.1 MagneticCoupling 252
5.9.2 CannedMotorPump 255
PartII Compressors 257
6 General 259
6.1 Terminology 259
6.2 NormalVolume 259
6.3 IdealGasses 260
6.4 WorkandPower 261
6.4.1 CompressionWork 261
6.4.2 TechnicalWork 262
6.4.3 TechnicalPower 264
6.5 Nozzles 264
6.6 Flow 266
6.7 ChoiceandSelection 269
6.8 Psychrometrics 270
6.8.1 PartialPressure 270
6.8.2 EquivalentMolarMass 272
6.8.3 MoistAir 272