Pueraria: The Genus Pueraria (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles)

301 Pages·2002·4.9 MB·English

by  Wing Ming Keung

Pueraria
The genus Pueraria
Edited by
Wing Ming Keung
Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
London and New York
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis
First published 2002
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© 2002 Taylor & Francis
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ISBN 0–415–28492–9
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis
Contents
List of contributors
Foreword
Preface to the series
Preface
The editor
1 Pueraria: botanical characteristics
L.J.G. VAN DER MAESEN
2 Ethnobotany of Pueraria species
CONNIE COX BODNER AND THEODORE HYMOWITZ
3 Pueraria (Ge) in traditional Chinese herbal medicine
YOU-PING ZHU, HAN-MING ZHANG, AND MING ZENG
4 Pueraria tuberosa DC: contraceptive efficacy and toxicological profile
SANGEETA SHUKLA AND R. MATHUR
5 Chemical constituents of Pueraria plants: identification and
methods of analysis
HAOJING RONG, DENIS DE KEUKELEIRE, AND LUC DE COOMAN
6 Chemical components and pharmacology of the rejuvenating plant
Pueraria mirifica
JOHN L. INGHAM, SATOSHI TAHARA, AND GERALD S. POPE
7 Biosynthesis and natural functions of Pueraria isoflavonoids
TAKASHI HAKAMATSUKA AND YUTAKA EBIZUKA
8 Pharmacological effects of Pueraria isoflavones on cardiovascular
system
SIANG-SHU CHAI, AI-PING ZHAO, AND GUANG-YAO GAO
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis
9 Preclinical studies of kudzu (Pueraria lobata) as a treatment for
alcohol abuse
WING MING KEUNG
10 Human studies of kudzu as a treatment for alcohol abuse
SCOTT E. LUKAS
11 Chemopreventive effects of isoflavones on estrogen-dependent
diseases: osteoporosis and cancer of the breast, prostate and
endometrium
CHUN-KOWK WONG
12 Chemistry and hepatoprotective effect of Pueraria saponins
JUNEI KINJO AND TOSHIHIRO NOHARA
13 Mammalian metabolism of Pueraria isoflavonoids
KEISUKE OHSAWA AND TAKAAKI YASUDA
14 Synthesis of naturally occurring isoflavones and their analogs
ANWAR JARDINE
15 Research and development of Pueraria (Ge)-based medicinal
products in China
GUANG-YAO GAO AND WING MING KEUNG
16 Kudzu, a valuable potential commercial resource:
food, paper, textiles and chemicals
LLEWELLYN J. PARKS, ROBERT D. TANNER, AND ALES PROKOP
17 Friend or foe? Changing cultural definitions of kudzu
KATHLEEN S. LOWNEY
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis
Contributors
Connie Cox Bodner Takashi Hakamatsuka
Genesee Country Village & Museum Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1410 Flint Hill Road Science University of Tokyo
Mumford, NY 14511-0310, USA 12 Funakawara-machi, Ichigaya
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826
Siang-Shu Chai Japan
Department of Physiology
Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Theodore Hymowitz
Ji-nan, Shandong 250062 Department of Crop Sciences
People’s Republic of China University of Illinois
Urbana, IL 61802, USA
Luc De Cooman
State University of Gent John L. Ingham
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Food Science &
Harelbekestr 72 Technology
B-9000 Gent, Belgium University of Reading
Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226
Denis De Keukeleire Reading, RG6 2AP, England
State University of Gent
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Anwar Jardine
Harelbekestr 72 Gillette Advanced Technology Center, US
B-9000 Gent, Belgium 37A Street, Needham
MA 02492-9120, USA
Yutaka Ebizuka
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Wing Ming Keung
Sciences Center for Biochemical and
The University of Tokyo Biophysical Sciences and Medicine
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Harvard Medical School
Tokyo 113-0033 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston
Japan MA 02115, USA
Guang-Yao Gao Junei Kinjo
CBBSM Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science
Harvard Medical School Fukuoka University
250 Longwood Avenue 8-19-1 Nanakuma
Boston, MA 02115, USA Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis
Kathleen S. Lowney Gerald S. Pope
Department of Sociology, c/o, Department of Animal and
Anthropology, and Criminal Justice Microbial Sciences
Valdosta State University University of Reading
Valdosta, Georgia 31698 Whiteknights
USA Reading RG6 6AJ, England
Scott E. Lukas Ales Prokop
Behavioral Psychopharmacology Department of Chemical Engineering
Research Laboratory Box 1604, Station B
East House III Vanderbilt University
McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical Nashville, TN 37235, USA
School
115 Mill Street, Belmont Haojing Rong
MA 02178, USA State University of Gent
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dr L.J.G. van der Maesen Harelbekestr 72
Department of Plant Taxonomy B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Agricultural University
PO Box 8010 Sangeeta Shukla
6700 ED Wageningen School of Studies in Zoology
The Netherlands Jiwaji University
Gwalior 474 011
R. Mathur India
School of Studies in Zoology
Jiwaji University Satoshi Tahara
Gwalior 474 011 Department of Applied Bioscience
India Faculty of Agriculture
Hokkaido University
Toshihiro Nohara Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy Japan
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Kumamoto University Robert D. Tanner
5-1 Oe-honmachi Department of Chemical Engineering
Kumamoto 862-0973 Box 1604, Station B
Japan Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN 37235, USA
Keisuke Ohsawa
Tohoku Pharmaceutical University Chun-Kowk Wong
4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku Department of Chemical Pathology
Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558 Prince of Wales Hospital
Japan The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
Llewellyn J. Parks
Rhizoma Corporation Takaaki Yasuda
120 Rivermont Court, Sheffield Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
Alabama 35660 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku
USA Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis
Ming Zeng Ai-ping Zhao
Department of Pharmacognosy Department of Physiology
School of Pharmacy Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
Second Military Medical University Ji-nan, Shandong 250062
Shanghai 200433 People’s Republic of China
China
You-Ping Zhu
Han-Ming Zhang Foundation Hwa To Centre
Department of Pharmacognosy University of Groningen
School of Pharmacy Antonius Deusinglaan 1
Second Military Medical University 9713 AV, Groningen
Shanghai 200433, China The Netherlands
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis
Foreword
It is with great pleasure that I have the opportunity to evaluate the manuscript of
DrKeung’s book. Kudzu, Pueraria lobata, and its relatives are important economic
plants. They are valuable resources for medicines, food, fiber and fine chemicals. The
earliest written record for the use of Ge (the Chinese name for Pueraria) in China dates
back to 1000 BC. The long history of human relationship with Pueraria can be traced
from at least 600 BC via written records from Asia to Europe and America. During the
last two decades, we have witnessed an explosion of research on the medicinal and indus-
trial applications of this genus. Thus, a comprehensive book with both the concise
description of the age-old knowledge, as well as authoritative scientific information that
parallels the rapid increase in our scientific understanding of Pueraria, is long overdue.
Wing Ming Keung pioneered the work on the scientific validation and molecular
basis of the alcohol craving suppressive activity of Pueraria lobata. His thorough and
elegant research on this pharmacological activity of P. lobata, from the identification of
active principle to the elucidation of site and mechanism of action, serve to illustrate
a rational process for identifying and evaluating high potential drug candidates from
traditional Chinese, and for that matter other indigenous, medicine. This book could
not have been put together by a more appropriate scholar than W.M.
This is the first comprehensive work on the genus Pueraria. It covers the science,
history, chemistry, pharmacology, clinical applications, industrial applications, socio-
cultural aspects, etc., virtually all that we currently know about the genus. In line with
the increasing current interest in phytomedicines, herb-based dietary supplements and
health-care products, the recent discoveries of new medical properties of Pueraria are
also reported.
This book provides detailed accounts on the use of Pueraria in traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM) and on the new scientific findings that led to its applications in
cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in modernized Chinese medicine (MCM).
The convergence of ethnopharmacological evidence from a number of Asiatic countries/
races such as China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Burma, and India, strongly speaks for the
medical value of Pueraria. The evidence has been amply validated by modern science.
The active ingredients responsible for Pueraria’s diverse pharmacological activities, includ-
ing antifertility, antiaging, anticoronary artery and cardiovascular diseases, anticancer
and antialcohol abuse, are identified as isoflavonoids and saponins.
In the past, treatment has been too often the sole approach to medicine. But with the
world changing, there has been a shift in effort towards the integration of prevention
and treatment of diseases. Factors that have propelled such changes are, among others,
aging of the world population and the continuously rising health budget with the
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis
growing demand of the general public for health care. In this age, a better approach to
the eradication of illnesses like cancer and heart disease is by placing more emphasis on
prevention and relying less on treatment. The chemo-preventive activities of Pueraria-
based medications for cardiovascular diseases and stoke, for osteoporosis and cancer of
the breast, prostate and endometrium, and for liver diseases in general, are authoritatively
presented in this book. Pueraria-based medications or health food products can be used
to prevent these medical problems of the aging population and the associated economic
burden of this on society.
This is a truly comprehensive coverage of the genus Pueraria. The expertize of con-
tributing authors range widely from taxonomy, botany and cultivation, herbal medicine,
sociology, anthropology, zoology, food sciences and technology, physiology, biochemistry,
pharmacology, phytochemistry, synthetic chemistry to psychology. Research scientists,
graduate students and professionals working in these fields will find this book a valuable
resource. In light of the tremendous publicity and misinformation generated around
the market place, this book also provides laymen with accurate descriptions of what is
really known about the therapeutic efficacy of various medicinal products derived from
this genus.
Hin-Wing Yeung, Ph.D.
Director
Institute for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine
Hong Kong Baptist University
Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis
Preface to the series
Global warming and global travel are among the factors resulting in the spread of such
infectious diseases as malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and HIV. All these are not well
controlled by the present drug regimes. Antibiotics too are failing because of bacterial
resistance. Formerly, less well known tropical diseases are reaching new shores. A whole
range of illnesses, for example cancer, occur worldwide. Advances in molecular biology,
including methods of in vitro testing for a required medical activity give new opportun-
ities to draw judiciously upon the use and research of traditional herbal remedies from
around the world. The re-examining of the herbal medicines must be done in a multi-
disciplinary manner.
Since 1997, 20 volumes have been published in the Book Series Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants – Industrial Profiles. The series continues. It is characterized by a single plant
genus per volume. With the same Series Editor, this new series Traditional Herbal Medi-
cines for Modern Times, covers multi genera per volume. It accommodates for example,
the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM), the Japanese Kampo versions of this and the
Ayurvedic formulations of India. Collections of plants are also brought together because
they have been re-evaluated for the treatment of specific diseases, such as malaria,
tuberculosis, cancer, diabetes, etc. Yet other collections are of the most recent investi-
gations of the endemic medicinal plants of a particular country, e.g. of India, South
Africa, Mexico, Brazil (with its vast flora), or of Malaysia with its rainforests said to be
the oldest in the world, etc.
Each volume reports on the latest developments and discusses key topics relevant to
interdisciplinary health science research by ethnobiologists, taxonomists, conservation-
ists, agronomists, chemists, pharmacologists, clinicians and toxicologists. The Series is
relevant to all these scientists and will enable them to guide business, government
agencies and commerce in the complexities of these matters. The background to the
subject is outlined below.
Over many centuries, the safety and limitations of herbal medicines have been estab-
lished by their empirical use by the “healers” who also took a holistic approach. The
“healers” are aware of the infrequent adverse affects and know how to correct these
when they occur. Consequently and ideally, the pre-clinical and clinical studies of a
herbal medicine need to be carried out with the full cooperation of the traditional
healer. The plant composition of the medicine, the stage of the development of the
plant material, when it is to be collected from the wild or when from cultivation, its
post-harvest treatment, the preparation of the medicine, the dosage and frequency and
much other essential information is required. A consideration of the intellectual property
rights and appropriate models of benefit sharing may also be necessary.
Copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis