(cid:51)(cid:38)(cid:55)(cid:38)(cid:34)(cid:45)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:40)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:42)(cid:50)(cid:54)(cid:42)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:1) (cid:19)1 (cid:40)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:56)(cid:38)(cid:51)(cid:52)(cid:48)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:38)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:51)(cid:34)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:37)(cid:42)(cid:53)(cid:48)(cid:51) PUBLIC SPECTACLES ROMAN LATE in and ANTIQUE PALESTINE Zeev Weiss . Cambridge, Massachusetts London, En gland 2014 Copyright © 2014 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Weiss, Zeev, 1959- Public spectacles in Roman and late antique Palestine / Zeev Weiss. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 04831- 7 (alk. paper) 1. Entertainment events— Palestine—History. 2. Popu lar culture—P alestine—History. 3. Palestine— Social life and customs. 4. Romans— Palestine. 5. Palestine— Antiquities, Roman. 6. Palestine— Antiquities. 7. Palestine—H istory— To 70 A.D. 8. Palestine—History—70-6 38. I. Title. GV31.W45 2014 796.0937—dc23 2013027086 To Hedva Contents Preface ix Introduction 1 1 The Beginning: The Introduction of Public Spectacles and Competitions into Ancient Palestine 11 2 Shaping the City’s Landscape: Buildings for Mass Entertainment in Their Urban Context 57 3 Entertaining the Crowds: Per for mances, Competitions, and Shows 117 4 Financing, Or ga ni za tion, and Operation 171 5 Adopting a Novelty: Jewish Attitudes toward Roman Spectacles and Competitions 195 6 Public Spectacles and Sociocultural Behavior in Late Antique Palestine 227 Epilogue 255 Abbreviations 261 Notes 263 Source Index 347 Subject Index 353
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