Public Services Delivery (Public Sector, Governance, and Accountability) (Public Sector, Governance, and Accountability Series) PDF
Preview Public Services Delivery (Public Sector, Governance, and Accountability) (Public Sector, Governance, and Accountability Series)
PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY SERIES PUBLIC SERVICES DELIVERY Edited by ANWAR SHAH PUBLIC SERVICES DELIVERY Introduction to the Public Sector Governance and Accountability Series Anwar Shah,Series Editor A well-functioning public sector that delivers quality public services consistent with citizen preferences and that fosters private market-led growth while managing fiscal resources pru- dently is considered critical to the World Bank’s mission of poverty alleviation and the achievement ofMillennium Development Goals.This important new series aims to advance those objectives by disseminating conceptual guidance and lessons from practices and by facilitating learning from each others’ experiences on ideas and practices that promote responsive(by matching public services with citizens’preferences),responsible(through effi- ciency and equity in service provision without undue fiscal and social risk),and accountable (to citizens for all actions) public governance in developing countries. This series represents a response to several independent evaluations in recent years that have argued that development practitioners and policy makers dealing with public sector reforms in developing countries and,indeed,anyone with a concern for effective public gov- ernance could benefit from a synthesis ofnewer perspectives on public sector reforms.This series distills current wisdom and presents tools of analysis for improving the efficiency, equity,and efficacy ofthe public sector.Leading public policy experts and practitioners have contributed to the series. The first seven volumes in the series (Fiscal Management,Public Services Delivery,Pub- lic Expenditure Analysis, Tools for Public Sector Evaluations, Macrofederalism and Local Finances,International Practices in Local Governance,and Citizen-Centered Governance) are concerned with public sector accountability for prudent fiscal management;efficiency and equity in public service provision;safeguards for the protection ofthe poor,women,minori- ties,and other disadvantaged groups;ways ofstrengthening institutional arrangements for voice and exit;methods of evaluating public sector programs,fiscal federalism,and local finances;international practices in local governance;and a framework for responsive and accountable governance. Fiscal Management Macrofederalism and Local Finances Edited by Anwar Shah Edited by Anwar Shah International Practices in Local Public Expenditure Analysis Governance Edited by Anwar Shah Edited by Anwar Shah Tools for Public Sector Evaluations Citizen-Centered Governance Edited by Anwar Shah Matthew Andrews and Anwar Shah PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY SERIES PUBLIC SERVICES DELIVERY Edited by ANWAR SHAH THE WORLD BANK Washington,D.C. ©2005 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone:202-473-1000 Internet:www.worldbank.org E-mail:[email protected] All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 08 07 06 05 The findings,interpretations,and conclusions expressed herein are those ofthe author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy ofthe data included in this work.The boundaries,colors,denominations,and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part ofThe World Bank con- cerning the legal status ofany territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted.Copying and/or transmitting por- tions or all ofthis work without permission may be a violation ofapplicable law.The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /The World Bank encour- ages dissemination ofits work and will normally grant permission to reproduce por- tions ofthe work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923,USA;telephone:978-750-8400;fax:978- 750-4470;Internet:www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses,including subsidiary rights,should be addressed to the Office ofthe Publisher,The World Bank,1818 H Street NW,Wash- ington,DC 20433,USA;fax:202-522-2422;e-mail:[email protected]. ISBN-13:978-0-8213-6140-5 ISBN-10:0-8213-6140-6 eISBN:0-8213-6141-4 DOI:10.1596/978-0-8213-6140-5 Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Public Services Delivery / edited by Anwar Shah. p. cm.— (Public sector governance,and accountability series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8213-6140-6 (pbk.) 1.Government productivity—Evaluation.2.Public administration—Evaluation.3. Municipal services—Evaluation.4.Medical care—Evaluation.5.Education—Evaluation.6. Public welfare—Evaluation.7.Infrastructure (Economics)—Evaluation.I.Shah,Anwar. II.World Bank.III.Series. JF1525.P67M43 2005 361.6'068'4—dc22 2005043246 Contents Introduction to the Public Sector Governance and Accountability Series ii Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Contributors xv Abbreviations and Acronyms xxi Overview xxiii by Anwar Shah CHAPTER Issues Associated with the 1 Implementation of Governmentwide Perfor- mance Monitoring 1 by Alasdair Roberts Current Efforts at Governmentwide Performance Monitoring 4 Difficulties in Execution 11 Prospects for Governmentwide Performance Planning 23 Annex 1.A:Outcome Measures in the Oregon Plan 30 Annex 1.B:Outcome Measures in the Florida Plan 31 v vi Contents Annex 1.C:Outcome Measures in the Alberta Plan 34 Annex 1.D:Outcome Measures in the Nova Scotia Plan 35 Annex 1.E:Draft Outcome Measures for the Canadian Government 37 2 A Simple Measure of Good Governance 39 by JeffHuther and Anwar Shah Measuring Governance Quality 40 Impact ofFiscal Decentralization on Governance Quality 46 Quality ofGovernance and Decentralization 52 Conclusion 54 Annex 2.A:Sources and Quality ofData and Explanations Regard- ing Development ofComponent Indexes 57 Annex 2.B:Composite Indexes 60 3 Assessing Local Government Performance in Develop- ing Countries 63 by Matthew Andrews and Anwar Shah Evaluation Criteria 64 Evaluating Conformance to Legislation and Process 65 Evaluating Responsiveness 72 Evaluating Efficiency 75 Evaluating Accountability 77 Conclusion 80 4 Results Matter: Suggestions for a Developing Country’s Early Outcome Measurement Effort 85 by Harry P.Hatry What Is Outcome Measurement? 85 Why Measure Outcomes? 86 Obstacles to Outcome Measurement in Developing Countries 86 Basic Steps in Implementing an Outcome Measurement Process 88 Basic Outcome Measurement Procedures and Their Costs 93 Contents vii Measurements ofExtent ofCorruption 98 Measurements ofResponse Time 99 Data Quality Control 100 Using Outcome Data 100 Final Note 102 Annex 4.A:Household Questionnaire 103 Annex 4.B:Trained Observer Procedures 107 Annex 4.C:Examples ofPerformance Indicators for Tracking Anticorruption Efforts 112 5 Delivering Local/Municipal Services 117 by Harry Kitchen Public Sector Alternatives 117 Private Sector Provision 128 Public-Private Partnerships 139 Summary 145 6 Assessing the Performance of Health Services in Reaching the Poor 153 by Agnes Soucat,Ruth Levine,Adam Wagstaff,Abdo S.Yazbeck, Charles C.Griffin,Timothy Johnston,Paul Hutchinson,and RudolfKnippenberg Channeling Resources to the Poor 156 Reaching the Poor:Equity ofCoverage for Interventions Address- ing the Needs ofthe Poor 162 Equity and the Impact ofHealth Sector Financing 178 Conclusion 185 7 Measuring Public Sector Performance in Infrastructure 193 by Hadi Salehi Esfahani The Nature ofthe Problem 195 Choosing Performance Indicators 196 Evaluating Performance 206 Conclusion 207 viii Contents FIGURES 4.B.1 Trained Observer Rating Scale 111 6.1 PRSP Framework—Determinants ofHealth Outcomes 154 6.2 DALYs Lost per 1,000 Population by Cause 158 6.3 Eight Steps to Effective Coverage for the Poor 163 TABLES 2.1 Components ofGovernance Index 41 2.2 Ranking ofCountries on Governance Quality 44 2.3 Governance Index Correlation Coefficients 45 2.4 Correlation ofSubnational Expenditures with Governance Quality Indicators 48 2.5 Omissions from Original Indexes 54 4.1 Outcome Indicators for Elementary and Secondary School Systems 88 4.2 Outcome Indicators for Youth Welfare 89 4.3 Outcome Indicators for Solid Waste Collection 91 4.B.1 Toronto Road Condition Rating Scale 110 5.1 Private versus Public Sector Delivery in Canada 131 6.1 Sources ofData for Assessing Coverage 164 6.2 Example ofDeterminants ofCoverage with a Core Package ofActivities 165 6.3 Summary ofMajor Questions to Be Answered in a Health Financing Assessment 185 7.1 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Power Infrastructure 198 7.2 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Telecommunications Infra- structure 199 7.3 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Transportation Infrastructure 200 7.4 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Water Infrastructure 201 7.5 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Sanitation Infrastructure 202
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