Public Service Broadcasting and Post-Authoritarian Indonesia

357 Pages·2020·4.523 MB·English

by  Masduki

PALGRAVE SERIES IN ASIA AND PACIFIC STUDIES
Public Service
Broadcasting and
Post-Authoritarian
Indonesia
Masduki
Palgrave Series in Asia and Pacific Studies
Series Editors
May Tan-Mullins
University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
Adam Knee
Lasalle College of the Arts
Singapore
Filippo Gilardi
University of Nottingham Ningbo China
Ningbo, China
The Asia and Pacific regions, with a population of nearly three billion
people, are of critical importance to global observers, academics, and
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as a globally influential, trend-setting force in a range of cultural arenas.
The remit of this book series is broadly defined, in terms of topics and
academic disciplines. We invite research monographs on a wide range
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interestedinmanuscriptspertainingtopedagogiesandresearchmethods,
for both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Published by Palgrave
Macmillan, in collaboration with the Institute of Asia and Pacific Studies,
UNNC.
More information about this series at
http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14665
Masduki
Public Service
Broadcasting
and Post-Authoritarian
Indonesia
Masduki
Universitas Islam Indonesia
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
ISSN 2662-7922 ISSN 2662-7930 (electronic)
Palgrave Series in Asia and Pacific Studies
ISBN 978-981-15-7649-2 ISBN 978-981-15-7650-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7650-8
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Acknowledgments
As part of my academic journey to accomplish my objective as a good
scholar,thisbookisamanifestationofacontinuousprocesstodevelopmy
understanding of the multiple dimensions of public service broadcasting
systems. It has helped me satisfy my curiosity by exploring the nexus of
media and politics in post-autocratic political world.
In the process of producing this book, I was incredibly lucky to be
supervised by one brilliant mentor, Professor Thomas Hanitzsch. I have
learnt from the best. Professor Thomas Hanitzsch is a big inspiration for
thisstudy,particularlyinadvancingtheIndonesiancasestudytothewider
context of interlinking the media and political systems around the globe.
Mas Thomas (as I familiarly called him) has pushed me to grow from
an observer of the local particular case of Indonesia’s broadcast system
intoanobserverofcomparativePSBsysteminpost-authoritariansocieties.
I always remembered his two curious statements: To what extent does
your study speak to the global studies of PSB? What can international
communities learn from the Indonesian case of PSB, as described in this
work?
This book emerged entirely from a doctoral thesis at Faculty of Social
Sciences LMU Munich under the supervision of Prof. Hanitzsch. His
warm tutorials and insightful, critical, and innovative comments have
made it a pleasure to write, both in Munich and in Cologne, Germany.
As such, I owe him my deepest gratitude for his continuous encourage-
ment and support from the beginning to the end of my Ph.D. journey
v
vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
(2015–2019). I also appreciate the kindness he and his wife, Mbak Mini,
exhibitedinguidingmethroughmystayinMunichandhelpingmewith
my struggles as an academic at the LMU Munich.
My deepest appreciation and thanks also go to Prof. Dr. Leen
d’Haenens (KU Leuven, Belgium) and Prof. Dr. Johannes Bardoel
(Universiteit van Amsterdam) for their kindness and patience in guiding
me as I updated my knowledge on public broadcasting through a series
of discussions and international conferences during my doctoral studies
(2015–2019). I am particularly thankful for Leen’s willingness to be a
secondexaminerandthecriticalinsightshebrought,whichdefinitelytook
this book to the next level. Also, I am blessed to have Prof. Dr. Sahana
Udupa as my third examiner.
My Ph.D. journey as well as writing of this book could not have been
conducted without financial aid. I owe special thanks to the Ministry of
Research,TechnologyandHigherEducationofIndonesiaforitsgenerous
assistance, in particular for providing me the full funding I needed to
pursue my doctoral degree in Germany during 2015–2019. I am very
grateful for both the financial and administrative support of its Jakarta
based staff. I would also like to thank the Indonesian Endowment Fund
for Education (LPDP) of the Ministry of Finance for providing small
grant to finalize my fieldwork.
Working on this book would have never succeeded without the help
of a large number of respondents whom, due to lack of space, I cannot
mention individually here. They are legislators, government officials,
media policy activists, RRI/TVRI elites, etc. I thank them for sharing
their opinions and experiences, which have broadened the view of this
study. I am particularly thankful to abang Amir E. Siregar, Paulus
Widiyanto, and Antonius Darmanto, who exposed to me old and current
issues of and inspired me to investigate RRI/TVRI management, as well
as who engaged me in broadcast policy advocacies. Also, I would like to
thank friends of mine (Bambang Muryanto, Shinta Maharani, Pambudi
Wicaksono, Widodo Iman Kurniadi) who are actively engaged in Rumah
Perubahan Lembaga Penyiaran Publik, a not-for-profit body where PSB
advocacy is organized.
I have been blessed with the friendly and warm discussion, academic
input, as well as social support of colleagues at the Department of
Communication Studies and Media Research (IfKW), Faculty of Social
Sciences, LMU Munich. Thank you all, Sarah Bomkapre, Nina Springer,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii
CorinnaLauerer,NinaSteindl,AbitHoxha,andUrsulaOhlinger.Inaddi-
tion, the IfKW has provided me intellectual forums through its autumn
and spring colloquiums. I would like to thank all members of the IfKW
board, staff, as well as researchers for their ideas and support during my
academiclifeintheOettingenstrasse67campus,Munich.Aspecialthanks
is due to Johannes Bardoel (Amsterdam), Nurhaya Muchtar (Pennsyl-
vania), Wijayanto (Semarang), and Lukas Ispandriarno (Yogyakarta) for
their sharing of academic writing and their comments on the rough draft
of this book. Thanks also to Chris Woodrich for his copyediting job,
making this book more readable.
I presented several parts of my manuscript on many occasions, among
other at Public Service Media Policy Working Group of IAMCR confer-
ences in Leicester United Kingdom (2016), Eugene, Oregon, USA
(2018)andMadrid,Spain(2019);theRIPE@2016PublicServiceMedia
Conference, Antwerp, Belgium(2016);and the International Communi-
cation Association (ICA) Conference in Prague, Czech Republic (2018).
During my first semester in Munich, and during my monthly trips to
this beautiful city, I was very fortunate to have the aid and support of
Marylin Habel Traub and her family in their pretty house at Elbacher
Strasse7,Ramersdorf.IwouldliketothankMbak Marylin(asIfamiliarly
called her) for making me her ‘extended brother’.
My Indonesian colleagues in the Department of Communication
Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Anang Hermawan,
Muzayin Nazaruddin, Puji Hariyanti, and all receive my gratitude for
givingmefreereintopursuemyPh.D.,duringwhichtimetheywereable
to replace me in handling the so-called administrative tasks of academia.
My deepest appreciation goes to three figures of Radio of the Republic
ofIndonesia(RRI)whobroughtmemuchexperiencewithRRImanage-
ment between 2010 and 2013: Niken Widiastuti (President Director of
RRI 2010–2015); Kabul Budiono and Dwi Hernuningsih (Members of
RRI Supervisory Board), who further inspired this study. I am also glad
for the opportunity to discuss and advocate broadcasting policies with
Ahmad Budiman (research coordinator to Indonesian Parliament), Nina
Muthmainnah, Rahayu, Puji Rianto, Kristiawan, and all media activists in
the Koalisi Nasional Reformasi Penyiaran.
I am grateful to May Tan-Mullins (University of Nottingham Ningbo
China) for her warm discussion and comments in crafting proposal for
publishing this work and for Connie Li (editorial assistance in Palgrave)
viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
for her invaluable assistance. I also owe my thanks to the anonymous
reviewers that recommend publication of this book.
Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude to my beloved wife Ninik
Sri Rahayu. I thank her for continuous engagement and support to my
academic work and more generally to the colorful and lovely journey of
us in Cologne, Germany (2016–2020). Thanks also go to my father Haji
Baseran, my late mother Siti Khadijah, and all my family in Kandangan,
SouthKalimantan,aswellasallmyfamilyinBoyolali,CentralJava.Their
touching love and prayers, support and understanding were an endless
sourceofenergyformyPh.D.journey.MysistersinKandangan(Nikmah
Khairati and Norhalimah) have carefully secured my father. Thus, my
greatest thanks goes to them. My appreciation also goes to my brother-
in-law(LisHarjanto)andhiswifeforvoluntarilytaking careofmyhouse
in Yogyakarta, Indonesia when my wife and I were outside the country.
ThispublicationIdedicatetomyfather,HajiBaseran,andmywife,Ninik
Sri Rahayu, for their endless love.
Cologne, Germany Masduki
January 2020
Contents
1 Introduction and Methodology 1
1.1 Studying Post-Authoritarian Public Broadcasters 1
1.2 Argument of the Book 7
1.3 Methodology and Data 9
1.4 Structure of the Book 15
Bibliography 20
2 Public Service Broadcasting: Politics, Policy, Models 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Public Broadcasting and Political Systems 27
2.3 PSB Characteristics and Its Policy 35
2.4 Four Components of PSB Systems 42
2.5 Public Service Broadcasting Models Around the World 51
2.6 The Limits of Studies on Post-Authoritarian PSBs 64
2.7 Conclusion 69
Bibliography 77
3 Indonesia as a Case Study 89
3.1 Introduction 89
3.2 The Characteristics of Indonesia 90
3.3 The Indonesian Media System 102
3.4 Conclusion 106
Bibliography 108
ix