Public Sector Entrepreneurship: U.S. Technology and Innovation Policy

265 Pages·2015·2.095 MB·English

by  Dennis Patrick Leyden, Albert N. Link

Public Sector
Entrepreneurship

Public Sector
Entrepreneurship
U.S. Technology and Innovation Policy
DENNIS PATRICK LEYDEN
and
ALBERT N. LINK
1
3
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of
Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research,
scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.
Oxford New York
Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi
Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi
New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto
With offices in
Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece
Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore
South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
in the UK and certain other countries.
Published in the United States of America by
Oxford University Press
198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
© Oxford University Press 2015
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law,
by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization.
Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the
Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Leyden, Dennis Patrick.
Public sector entrepreneurship : U.S. technology and innovation policy / Dennis Patrick Leyden,
Albert N. Link.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–0–19–931385–3 (alk. paper)
1. Public-private sector cooperation. 2. Entrepreneurship—United States.
3. Public administration—United States. 4. Technology and state—United States.
5. Technological innovations—Government policy—United States. I. Link, Albert N.
II. Title.
HD3872.U6L49 2015
338.973—dc23
2014024786
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
for Peggy; for Carol

CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ix
About the Authors xi
1. Introduction
1
PART I DEFINING PUBLIC SECTOR
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
2. Entrepreneurship
27
3. Toward a Theory of Public Sector Entrepreneurship
43
4. Setting the Stage
62
PART II POLICY EXAMPLES OF PUBLIC
SECTOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP
5. The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980
75
6. The Stevenson-Wydler Act of 1980
112
7. The R&E Tax Credit of 1981
127
8. The Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982
140
9. The National Cooperative Research Act of 1984
152
10. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
182
viii Contents
PART III THE PUBLIC SECTOR
ENTREPRENEURSHIP PERSPECTIVE
11. Past is Prologue
193
12. Concluding Observations
202
Notes 209
References 223
Index 235
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book represents the evolution of our thought about entrepreneurial
dimensions of government’s role in technology and innovation policy. As we
note in the first chapter, our journey along this path could be dated to the
publication of our joint effort in 1992: Government’s Role in Innovation. Since
then, our colleagues at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, along
with our virtual colleagues at other institutions, have encouraged us to con-
tinue to develop related themes and have offered helpful guidance for which
we are greatly appreciative. Toward that end, we have benefited from and
remain thankful for comments and suggestions from the many scholars with
whom we presented our ideas at conferences sponsored by the Organization for
Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), the Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC), the United Nations, and the U.S. National Academies.
We are especially pleased to thank attendees of a number of conferences for
their insight on public sector entrepreneurship. These conferences include the
2010 joint conference in Helsinki sponsored by the United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Ministries of Employment and the
Economy and Foreign Affairs of Finland; the 2010 annual conference of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Washington,
DC; the 2013 UNECE conference on innovation in the public sector in Geneva;
and, most recently, the 2014 conference on entrepreneurship, employment
dynamics, and productivity at the OECD.
Terry Vaughn, former economics editor at Oxford University Press, and
Scott Parris, the current economics editor at Oxford, have been very supportive
through the writing and preparation of this book. For that we are very grateful.
Lastly, our wives, Peggy and Carol, have embraced this project through their
continued love and patience, and for that they have our heartfelt thanks.