Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research, Vol. 57, No. 3

60 Pages·1993·14.2 MB·English

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PublicRoads
COVER:
The St. Peter Street Bridge is located in
downtown St. Paul, Minn., and is one of
the connecting links between the
Winter 1994 Vol.57, No.3 downtown area and the state capitol
complex. It spans the Interstate 35E and
Interstate 94 commons area. The
structure consists of seven spans.
The National Highway System 1
Applied Research and Technology: New Guidelines for Accelerating the Use of Innovative
Technology by the Highway Industry by Richard A. McComb and Daniel F Larson 5
Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center by Louis Colucci and Robert Bryant 9
Modeling of Geotextiles and Other Membranes in the Prevention of Reflection Cracking
in Asphaltic Resurfacing by Luis F Da Silva and Juan A. Confré 12
HYSIM: the Next Best Thing to Being on the Road by Elizabeth Alicandri 19
FHWA’s Implementation Plan for SHRP Products by Charles J. Churilla 24
Environmental Research: Helping Highways Improve the Quality of Life by Ginny Finch 30
Looking for a Few Good IDEAs by K. Thirumalai 32
The National Quality Initiative by Donald Tuggle 33
Along the Road 36
New Research 43
Recent Publications 46
Technology Applications 49
U.S. Department of Transportation Public Roads (ISSN 0033-3735; USPS 516-690) is published quarterly by the
Federico Pefia, Secretary Office of Research and Development, Federal Highway Adoainistenten
(FHWA), 400 Seventh Street SW, Washington, DC 20590. Second class postage
Federal Highway Administration paid at Washington, DC, and additional mailing offices.
Rodney E. Slater, Administrator POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Public Roads, HRD-10, FHWA,
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John A. Clements, Associate Administrator
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Anne N. Barsanti, Managing Editor Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, for $7.50 per year ($1.90 additional for
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Publication Board —————————————
RE. Slater, EB. Francois, T.B. Deen, H. Bernstein The Secretary of Transportation has determined that the publication of this
adele: is necessary in the transaction of the public business required by
Editorial Board
aw of this Department.
E.D. Carlson, J.A. Clements, GJ. Jeff, D.C. Judycki,
A.R. Kane, GS. Moore, G.L. Reagle, D.S. Gendell, All articles are advisory or informational in nature and should not be con-
RJ. Betsold, RJ. Kreklau strued as having regulatory effect.
NOTICE Articles written by private individuals contain the personal views of the
The United States Government does not endorse author and do not necessarily reflect those of FHWA.
products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ All photographs are provided by FHWA unless otherwise credited.
names appear herein solely because they are consid-
ered essential to the object of an article. Contents of this publication may be reprinted. Mention of source is requested. ©
‘ational Highway System
Backbone of Our National Transportation Network
This article is adapted from a a proposal identifying the routes dations. A nationwide functional
speech delivered by Federal that will be included in the classification of the nation’s roads,
Highway Administrator National Highway System. conducted by FHWA and state and
Rodney E. Slater on December 9, “The proposed National High- local officials and completed in
1993, and from materials pro- way System consists of nearly early 1993, identified all principal
vided by the Federal Highway 159,000 miles of the most impor- arterials. The state transportation
Administration (FHWA) Office of tant roads in the United States. departments then worked with
Program Development and the “To put this in perspective, a local officials to develop recom-
US. Department of Transporta- National Highway System of this mendations on which principal
tion (DOT) Office of the Assistant scale would include only four arterials should be included in
Secretary for Public Affairs. percent of the 3.9 million miles of NHS. FHWA also worked with
our public roads. Nevertheless, the other DOT agencies to identify
On December 9, 1993, at Union National Highway System will airport, maritime, port, rail, and
Station in Washington, D.C, US. carry over 40 percent of the transit facilities that were suffi-
DOT Secretary Federico Pefia and nation’s highway traffic, carrying ciently important to be illustrated
FHWA Administrator Slater an- people and goods. in the NHS report.
nounced the submission of the “That’s strategic investment.” Under ISTEA, congressional
National Highway System (NHS) The United States spends nearly approval of NHS is required by
plan to Congress. Pefia also out- $1 trillion a year—17 percent of our September 30, 1995. Since the
lined his principles and goals for a gross domestic product—on enactment of ISTEA, the states
National Transportation System transportation services. A 1-percent have been able to use NHS fund-
(NTS). improvement in the overall ing on any road classified as a
“Union Station serves as a fitting efficiency of America’s transporta- principal arterial. Following
backdrop for the unveiling of the tion system would translate into congressional approval, funding
National Highway System,” said nearly $100 billion in savings will be limited to routes in NHS.
Slater. “Just outside the station, across the economy within a With completion of the NHS
Louisiana Avenue is part of the decade. report to Congress, DOT is taking
National Highway System— On February 19, 1991, FHWA the next important step by launch-
demonstrating how the National submitted an illustrative map of a ing an effort to develop the
Highway System can provide links proposed NHS to the House National Transportation System.
among the many modes that make Committee on Public Works and “A comprehensive National
up our transportation network. In Transportation and to the Senate Transportation System will help us
fact, the National Highway System Committee on Environment and meet the challenges of the
enhances the other modes by Public Works. ISTEA directed DOT 21st century global economy by
linking them. to use the illustrative system as enhancing all our different modes
“This is perhaps the most the starting point for a report to of transportation and their links—
important event I will have the Congress in two years, identifying increasing the efficiency and
opportunity to participate in as highways proposed to be desig- productivity of our nation,” Pefia
your Federal Highway Administra- nated as part of a 155,000-mile NHS said.
tor, because the National Highway (plus or minus 15 percent). The NTS will incorporate from all
System is going to be the back- approved elements of NHS are the the modes the most significant
bone of our national transporta- interstate system, high-priority elements of the nation’s transpor-
tion network in the 21st century. corridors identified in ISTEA, the tation systems. Beginning with
It’s going to affect every American, Strategic Highway Network and its NHS, NTS will include airports,
directly or indirectly .. connectors, and selected principal ports, waterways, rail, intercity bus
“In the landmark Intermodal arterials. lines, pipelines, and local transit
Surface Transportation Efficiency Following enactment of ISTEA, systems with regional and national
Act of 1991, known as ISTEA, FHWA worked with state and impact. NTS will also include
Congress called on the Depart- local officials and the Department systems moving both people and
ment of Transportation to submit of Defense to prepare recommen- freight as well as facilities owned
PUBLIC ROADS * WINTER * 1994 Page 1
by both private business and the “The second component in- of Transportation. It totals about
public sector. cludes 21 congressionally desig- 15,700 miles. Based on the most
NHS is the core of the future nated high-priority corridors as recent information, including plans
NTS. identified in the ISTEA. These for base closures, these corridors
Slater explained NHS in detail: corridors total 4,500 miles. and the interstate system have a
“The first component of the “The third component is the been identified by the Department
proposed National Highway non-interstate portion of the
System is the 45,000-mile interstate Strategic Highway Corridor hy
system, which accounts for nearly Network (STRAHNET), identified
30 percent of the proposed system by the Department of Defense in
mileage. cooperation with the Department
NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM
Proposed ;
NHS Rural
FACT SHEET
ALABAMA 2,630
ALASKA 1,489
ARIZONA 2,139
System Extent
ARKANSAS 2,242
118,834 (75%)
Rital Mileage soe ere te ee ees CALIFORNIA 4,922
Drbatr Mileage ee 39,840 (25%) COLORADO 2,612
Total: Mileage 0s a eee eae 158,674 CONNECTICUT 362
DELAWARE 210
DIST OF COL 0
FLORIDA 2,926
Required Components
GEORGIA 3,479
INTETStal e SY SICI eta eect ee 45,376 miles HAWAII 148
IDAHO 2,207
Strategic Highway Network 15,668 miles
ILLINOIS 3,299
Major Strategic Highway
INDIANA 2,097
Network Connectors for 242 Military IOWA 2,731
Installations re ececice crete ence et enters 1,890 miles KANSAS 3,391
Congressional High Priority Corridors 4506 miles KENTUCKY 2,213
LOUISIANA 1,934
MAINE 980
MARYLAND 806
System Characteristics
MASSACHUSETTS 486
MICHIGAN 3,041
Full Access Control MINNESOTA 3,261
MISSISSIPPI 2,339
EATCS ESCA CCS VSLIN N cece enscee 44376 miles
MISSOURI 3,538
NOn-Interstate ROULES ccceccssessene 7,876 miles MONTANA 3,693
otal Sss eee neeet ers 52,252 miles NEBRASKA 2,778
NEVADA 1,941
Jurisdictional Control NEW HAMPSHIRE 634
NEW JERSEY 663
State Owned (Estimated) 150,000 miles
NEW MEXICO 2,660
Other Owned: CEstimated ee Ser a 9,000 miles NEW YORK 2,673
NORTH CAROLINA 2,972
Travel Served NORTH DAKOTA 2,455
OHIO 2,876
Rural (Percent of total rural vehicle
OKLAHOMA 2,674
miles:of: travel) 2s ee ee eee 42% (Est.) OREGON 3,224
Urban (Percent of total urban vehicle PENNSYLVANIA 3,466
miles of travel) 40% (Est.) PUERTO RICO 179
RHODE ISLAND 88
Intermodal Facilities (Illustrated on maps) SOUTH CAROLINA 2,016
SOUTH DAKOTA 2,850
Water Portssce eee ee es Se ee eee ee 104 TENNESSEE 2,377
Airports 143 TEXAS 8,771
Amtrak Stations 5s 321 UTAH 1,786
VERMONT 606
Rail/Trock Termiraise2s 2,ee ee 191
VIRGINIA 2,206
Public Transportation Systems oemmmnmnmnnmnnnnne 319
WASHINGTON 2,608
WEST VIRGINIA 1,446
Border Crossings
WISCONSIN 3,207
With Canada... WYOMING 2,507
With Mexico
TOTAL 118,838
Page 2 PUBLIC ROADS * WINTER « 1994
of Defense as the most critical troops and equipment to airports, of 1,900 miles of roads linking
highway links in our transporta- to ports, to rail lines, and to other major military installations and
tion system. As we found during bases for rapid deployment. other defense-related facilities to
Desert Storm, highway mobility is “The fourth component is major the STRAHNET corridors.
essential to our national defense Strategic Highway Corridor “Collectively, these four compo-
by giving us the ability to move Network connectors. They consist nents—all specifically required by
ESTIMATED MILEAGE AND TRAVEL
FOR PROPOSED NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM
2ercent of Estimated Percent of Total Percent of Estimated Percent of Total NHS
otal Rural Travel Rural Total Travel NHS Urban Total Urban Travel Urban Urban Travel Mileage
Miles NHS Miles Miles NHS
(Millions) (Millions)
3.6% 9,012 41.4% 1,040 8,550 35.9% 3,670
12.5% 992 46.8% 120 838 42.9% 1,609
5.1% 6,617 49.4% 659 7,607 35.3% 2,798
3.2% 5,798 40.4% 401 3,376 41.7% 2,643
5.6% 27,916 53.6% 2,508 95,460 45.5% 7,430
4.0% 5,846 52.3% 761 8,107 48.1% 3,373
4.1% 2,556 42.6% 614 10,013 47.9% 976
5.7% 1,437 51.3% 95 1,432 35.6% 305
0.0% 0 0.0% 73 40.7% 73
4.5% 17,884 50.7% ve Wey 22.3% 4,098
4.1% 11,331 36.4% 1,183 36.5% 4,662
6.3% 752 31.1% 166 32.0% 314
3.9% 3,382 45.3% 137 28.4% 2,344
3.3% 10,413 39.6% 2,046 41.4% 5,345
2.9% 10,511 35.7% 623 27.6% 2,720
§ 2.6% 5,715 38.4% 473 30.7% 3,204
2.7% 5,624 43.8% 396 31.5% 3,787
3.6% 8,157 38.1% 456 35.0% 2,669
4.2% 6,250 36.5% 735 39.3% 2,669
4.9% 3,094 35.9% 159 34.9% 1,139
5.2% 6,360 49.5% 555 45.3% 1,361
4.1% 4,064 49.2% 1,373 43.2% 1,859
3.4% 11,142 38.0% 1,677 44.5% 4,718
2.8% 6,733 35.9% 686 43.3% 3,947
(3.6% 6,362 38.1% 371 29.3% 2,710
(3.4% 11,902 48.3% 958 41.2% 4,496
5.4% 3,420 55.5% 116 20.4% 3,809
3.2% 3,981 44.6% 297 37.9% 3,075
4.7% 3,656 66.0% 39.0% 2,145
15.2% 2,366 39.1% 42.4% 792
6.3% 5,884 57.0% 46.1%
4.8% 5,652 45.8% 36.6%
3.8% 10,157 33.1% 42.4%
1 4.0% 13,718 41.4% 36.4%
2.9% 1,792 40.7% 25.2%
1 3.5% 13,488 35.7% 39.3%
2.7% 6,798 39.8% 30.7%
3.7% 7,794 52.9% 42.5%
| 4.0% 15,425 41.4% 38.1%
1 2.2% 1,116 33.0% 34.6%
6.0% 494 58.9% 2,265 36.1%
) 3.7% 8,869 42.7% 5,579 40.4%
3.5% 1,783 41.3% 343 26.6%
3.5% 10,864 42.8% 11,026 39.4%
4.0% 26,781 46.2% 56,548 47.5%
4.8% 3,438 60.7% 4,598 46.5%
4.7% 1,734 41.8% 385 23.1%
1 4.3% 11,627 43.4% 14,205 41.4%
4.2% 7,084 49.6% 12,351 41.0%
14.6% 4,930 43.9% 1,961 41.1%
3.4% 9,962 39.7% 7,624 32.5%
16.9% 2,867 59.2% 173 529 31.4% 2,680
| 3.8% 372,759 42.9% 39,849 561,332 40.0% 158,687
Page 3
PUBLIC ROADS * WINTER * 1994
ISTEA—account for 67,500 miles or goes into effect, trucks carry about that time is money, or a commuter
roughly 43 percent of the pro- 80 percent of freight shipments trying to get to and from work
posed system. between the United States and with a minimum of hassles,
“The remainder of the proposed Mexico and about 60 percent of congestion is an economic drain—
system—totalling 91,000 miles—is freight shipments between the estimated at about $40 billion a
made up of other important United States and Canada. When year in our major urban areas.
arterial highways that serve NAFTA removes trade barriers “That’s not even counting the
interstate and interregional travel next year, as well as barriers to loss of our peace of mind and
and that provide connections to international trucking operations, tranquility.
major ports, airports, public traffic on all modes should in- “Safe, efficient operation. That,
transportation facilities, and other crease significantly. The National in short, is what the National
intermodal facilities ... Highway System will serve this Highway System is all about!
“Like so much that is important traffic efficiently by linking with “Today, we are transmitting our
about ISTEA, the National High- the Canadian and Mexican high- recommendations to Congress,
way System is a flexible concept ... way systems in a high-perfor- which must take the next impor-
The National Highway System will mance network spanning most of tant step—approving the National
not be another interstate system. North America. Highway System.
Beyond the interstate portion, the “The report we are releasing “Our report calls for designation
National Highway System is today stresses the economic of the proposed National Highway
mostly two-lane roads today and benefits, but let me just outline a System routes but also recom-
will likely remain that way. few of them: mends that the Secretary of
“In fact, virtually all of the Transportation have the authority
National Highway System is exist- e The National Highway System to modify the network, at the
ing mileage. Less than 2 percent is will provide what our retail, request of the states, to meet
new mileage, and that’s because industrial, and other employers changing needs. In addition, we
it’s already in state plans. need—namely, a predictable, call for identification—within
“The advantage of the National consistent, and reliable delivery 2 years—of appropriate intermodal
Highway System concept is that it system. connections to the National
will encourage state transportation e It will provide low-cost, reliable, Highway System.
agencies to focus on a limited and flexible transportation to “ISTEA sets a deadline of
number of high priority routes for minimize costs, serve plants September 30, 1995, for congres-
improvement with federal-aid geared to just-in-time delivery, sional action. But I can assure you
funds. These improvements will and make our companies more that the president, Secretary Pefia,
address traffic needs safely and competitive in the global and I will be challenging the
efficiently, generally within marketplace. Congress to complete action on
existing rights-of-way .. this vital transportation advance-
“The National Highway System “Another economic benefit of ment long before then.
will also strengthen our links with the National Highway System is “Today, the National Highway
Canada and Mexico, especially by that it will help us confront the System is the next generation—the
providing some of the vitally problems of traffic congestion by next step to continuing the
needed north-south connectors. targeting current and projected progress that has made the United
Today, even before NAFTA (North bottlenecks. Whether you're a States the most mobile nation in
American Free Trade Agreement) shipper, who lives by the principle history.”
ne—e—e n
Page 4 PUBLIC ROADS * WINTER * 1994
yA odo d | tt ee) PV Ol ND 101 | 10) MOLE Dé
New Guidelines for Accelerating
the Use of Innovative Technologies
by the Highway Industry
by Richard A. McComb the legislation, the Federal High-
and Daniel F. Larson way Administration (FHWA) has
developed guidelines to carry out
the ART Program. The program
Introduction
and guidelines to carry out part of
The need to accelerate the integra- the program are summarized in
tion of new technologies into the this article.
US. highway system has increased The ART Program aims to
dramatically over the past decade identify and promote technologies
as the Interstate Highway System that are designed to improve the
has neared completion. Because durability, efficiency, environmen-
Congress recognized the impor- tal effects, productivity, and safety
tance of technology application, it of highway, transit, and intermodal
established the Applied Research transportation systems. Specifically,
and Technology (ART) Program. it will accelerate testing and
Authorized under section 6005 of evaluation of new technologies,
the Intermodal Surface Transporta- both foreign and domestic.
tion Efficiency Act (STEA) of
Background
1991, the ART Program began in
fiscal year 1992 with funding of The ART Program, as developed
$35 million and will receive by FHWA, is composed of three
The hydronic hoses are in place prior
$41 million per year in fiscal years elements—priority technologies,
to the bridge deck placement. Hot
1993 through 1997. As called for in testing and evaluation, and fluid circulating through the hoses
applied research. The ART Pro- heats the deck surface. A sensor
gram elements are summarized in device is shown in the foreground.
table 1.
GUIDELINES
Priority technologies e Thin-bonded overlay and
WORKING GROUP
The priority technologies compo- surface lamination of pave-
nent involves the implementation ment. Projects in this category
and evaluation of technologies will incorporate uses of thin-
Federal Highway
that are specified in the legislation bonded overlays (including
Administration
and other priority new technolo- inorganic bonding systems) as a
Richard A. McComb gies that have been identified by part of highway pavement or
Terry Mitchell FHWA and proposed for partner- bridge repair, rehabilitation, or
Samuel C. Tignor ships through general solicitations. upgrading. The projects will be
Charles Niessner The three technology areas designed to evaluate feasibility
Louis Colucci specified in ISTEA include: and costs and benefits; to
Douglas A. Bernard minimize overlay thickness,
Robert J. Betsold e Heated bridge technologies. initial lay-down costs, and out-
Thomas J. Pasko Projects in this category will of-service time; and to maximize
evaluate the costs and benefits life-cycle durability. Twenty-
Federal Transit Administration of deck-heating technology on eight projects in 14 states were
John S. Durham (deceased) bridges that may be replaced or funded in fiscal year 1993.
rehabilitated under section 144 e All-weather pavement mark-
Consultant of title 23 of the US. Code. Nine ings. These projects will evaluate
projects in seven states were the use of all-weather pavement
L. Gary Byrd
funded during fiscal year 1993. markings for durability and
Page 5
PUBLIC ROADS ¢ WINTER ° 1994
safety. Project locations will be ART Program apply to this plastics, composites, and other
chosen to test the effects of program element. (See HITEC materials, and innovative proce-
varying climatic conditions, article on page 9.) dures for accelerating construc-
tion. Examples would include
snow and ice control operations,
Applied research rapid-curing materials, prefabri- a
and various traffic characteristics
and pavement types. Seventy- The applied research program cated components, plug-in
seven projects in 17 states were promotes identification and replacement modules, auto-
funded in fiscal year 1993. development of foreign and mated construction equipment,
domestic technologies and new and robots and sensors.
In addition, two individual methods for accelerated testing Environmentally beneficial
projects were planned. A construc- and evaluation. The program will materials and procedures.
tion project planned for Missouri include a variety of research and These projects will test and
evaluate the environmental
benefits of alternative materials
and procedures used in high-
way planning, design, construc-
tion, rehabilitation, operation,
and maintenance. Examples
would be air quality improve-
ments and noise abatement
systems for construction, envi-
SPS‘QAU4UL]2IA J IJSONd
ronmentally benign materials
for vegetation control, and
environmentally safe paint
removal.
Materials and techniques that
enhance serviceability and
longevity under adverse cli-
matic, environmental, and load
effects. This category includes
strength-enhancing additives or
reinforcements, coatings and
sealers, composite designs, in
situ supplements, and alternative
After approximately two years of heavy traffic, the VISIBEAD road boundary
design or construction technolo-
line still provides good wet weather delineation.
gies.
Technologies that increase
will use high-performance development (R&D) activities to efficiency and productivity of
blended hydraulic cement in develop products and technologies vehicular travel. This category
highway pavements or structures that meet the general objectives of includes vehicle and roadway
to evaluate the durability and the ART Program. The applied projects; traffic control devices
construction efficiency of this research program element has and systems; traffic management
material. Also pending is a project been used to fund some high- systems, strategies, and commu-
in New Jersey to evaluate the priority research areas, reviews of nications; information systems;
environmental and safety charac- foreign technologies, and research and computer-based tools that
teristics of elastomer-modified of advanced topics. The applied permit analysis of areawide
asphalt when used in highway research program element is also surface transportation needs and
pavement construction. the key resource for providing operational plans. Examples
technical assistance to states and include innovative sensing and
Test and evaluation local agencies participating in the information transfer technolo-
Test and evaluation (T&E) projects T&E program. gies, operational systems,
involve the full-scale field testing software, and other technologies
ART Program Scope
and evaluation of new technolo- affecting vehicular travel and
gies. T&E projects originating in A broad range of technologies are demand management.
both the public and private sector to be tested under the ART Technologies that enhance
will come through the Highway Program. The ART Program safety and accessibility of
Innovative Technology Evaluation mandate encompasses the follow- vehicular transportation
Center (HITEC). HITEC will serve ing technology areas: systems. Projects that test and
as a focal point for evaluating
evaluate hardware, software,
innovative technologies and will e Materials and procedures that materials, equipment, and
provide a valuable network of accelerate construction. Projects systems that address improved
experts to hasten the transfer of in this category will test and safety and accessibility of
technology into practice. The evaluate innovative uses and vehicular transportation systems
Guidelines for Implementing the
modifications of concrete, steel, will be covered by this category.
Page 6 PUBLIC ROADS * WINTER * 1994 )
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