Public Places - Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design

322 Pages·2003·16.2 MB·English

by  Matthew Carmona

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MattheCwa rmona
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TimH eath
TaneOrc
StevTei esdell
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LJRBAN SPA<EES
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TheD imensioonfUs r baDne sign
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PUBLICP LACES-
URBAN SPACES
TheD imensioonfsU rbanD esign
MattheCwa rmonaT,i mH eath,
ToneOrc andS teveTni esdell
ArchitectPurreasls
AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERLGO NDON NEW YORK OXFORD
PARISS AND IEGO SANF RANCISCO SINGAPSOYRDEN EY TOKYO
Ani mproifEn lts evier
ALricnhaiHctoreuecPst reue,rs asHlj i oOlrxldf,ao OnrX d28 DP
200W heelReoraB dur,l inMgAt0 o1n8 03
Frisptu bli2s0h0e3d
Reprin2t0e0d3
Copyri2g0h0t3M , .C armoTn.Ha e,a tT.hO ,c , TieeslAdllr.li grhetsse rved
Ther igo©hf Mt . C armoTn.Ha e,a tTh.O, c a nd T5i.e stdobe eli led ntiafsti heaedu thoofr s
thwiosr hka bse eans seritna ecdc ordwainttchhe Ce o pyr,iD gehstiagnndPsa teAnct1ts9 88
5.
Nop artt hopifus b altiicmoanyb er eprodiunac nemyda terial forpmh ot(oicnocplyuidnign g
ors toriinan ngmy e dibuyme leocntimrce ans wahnedt hoernr o ttr ansoirein ntcliyd entally
to sootmheue sroe ft hpiusb altiicwoint)h tohuwetr itpteernm iosfst ihcoeon p yrhioglhdte r
exceipnat c cordwainttchhe pe r oviosfti hoCeno sp yriDgehstia,gn nPdsa teAnct1ts9 8o8r
undtehrte e romfsa l iceinscseub yet dh Ceo pyright ALgieycnL ectnd9s,0iT noget tnham
CoutRr oad, LEonngdloWanln,Td 4ALpPp.l icfaottrih oceno sp yrhioglhdtwe rri'tst en
permistosr ieopnru ocde paanroytf t hpiusb altiicsohno ublead d edsrsteodt hpeu bslhiers
Permissimoanysb es oughdti recftrloymE slevieSrc'ise nacned T echnoloRgigyh ts
DepartmeinnOt x fodr, phone(:+ 44()0 1)8 658 43830f;a x(:+ 44()0 1)8 658 53333;
e-maiple:r [email protected] cyoa .lusckoo. mplteey our requestv ioatn h-el ine
Elsevhioemre pag(eh UtKt:p: //www.elsebvysi eerl.eccot'miC)nu,gs tomSeurp oprta'n d then
'ObtainPienrgm issions'.
Pubplliac-c uersb an stphadeci emse:n soifuo rnbsda ens ign
Br1i.C tiLitisybh r paClraaytn anliongg iuniP nugb licaDtaitoan
I.C armonaM,a tthewI IH.ea thT,i m
I.l OlcT,a nnerI V.T iesdeSltle,v en
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A caatlorge cofrotdrh bioso ikas v ailfarbotmlh eLe i broafCry o negsrs
LibraorfCy o ngreCsast alogiinPn ugb licaDtaitoan
ISB0N7 50366 327
Foirn formoanat liAlorn c hirtaPelrc etpususb altiicons
visoiutr weabtws wiwt.ea recchrtiuatelspsr.com
ComposbiytS icorniD bees iGginil,nl ghKaemn,Ut K,
Prinatnebddo unidnG reBartai itn
Contents
Acknowledgements iv
Preface v
PART1 T:H EC ONTEXFTO RU RBAND ESIGN
1 Urbadne sigtno day 3
2 Urbacnh ange 20
3 Contexftosru rbadne sign 36
PARTI IT:H ED IMENSIOONFSU· R BAND ESIGN
4 Them orphologdiicmaeln sion 61
5 Thep erceptduiamle n.sion 87
6 Thes ocidailm ension 106
7 Thev isudailm ension 130
8 Thef unctiodniamle nsion 165
9 Thet empordailm ension 193
PARTI lIlM:P LEMENTIUNRGB AND ESIGN
1 0T hed evelopmpernotc ess 213
11 Thec ontrporlo cess 237
12 Thec ommunication process 263
1 3H olisutribca dne sign 283
Bibliography 291
Index 305
Acknowledgements
Wew oulldeit kot hnakt he mpaenoypw lheoh avef oarlh le hre lwpi tehd ittihnfengi a tle xatn,ld a st
heeldpu si nb ringtihnibgso otko p uibclatibounnt.o lt eaosutsr t undte(sp aasntdp reseantt )
Foremostt haemamor neg: UneirvistCyo llegLeo ndoann,td h Uen iversoift ies
Notitngh,Aa bmerdaenedn fSifheeld.
johHne nneerrbyf ohri vsal aublceo memntasn d
positsiuvgeg esotnia onne sa rdlaryf otf w hatW e agraret efutlh otwsohe o h avgei vpeenr mis­
becaCmhea pt10 e.Br o bJ avris hfiosr helpsfiuolfn oi raul nsldt rattoib oern esp rodSuoccueerdos.f
suppotrivceo mmentosna darfvte rsoifot nh itsh esea cakrneo wliendt ghceead p tions.
book. Ljiivmin gAsltiosnSo,an n disDoanv,i d
ChampanE,l biesteCei ed arndS tevTehno rntAolnpl­ho torgpahiacn do thneorn e-frereniuclsel­d
josnf eotrh ewiorr okn t hei ltlruoasntsiA.l isotnra tisounpispe ld Mbayt thCeaw rmoannad
YateLsiW,zh itainnCdgo lleaagttu heAesr cehci­tStevTeine sdell.
turParle fsostr h epiart ieMnacgrear.e Dto wning
Preface
Thibso opkr oviadnee xsp osiotft ihodeni f ferenTth,e m otivation
buitn mtaiterleyl adtiemde,n soifuo brnasdn e sign.
Itta kaeh so tliiacsp rpoacwhh,i cnhe itfhoecru sTehseg eneosfit sh ibso ok cfarmoetm w od istinct
ona l itmeicdh eckolfui rsbta n dqeulsaiitgninoe rss ourFcriessft.r, o amp eridouidrn tgh 1e9 90wsh en
-iti sh ope-de xcluidmpeosr taarnetaB syt .h itsh aeu thors workaetdt hteUo nigveetrohsfei rt y
meanispt,or vidaec so mprevheeo nvesrivbioetwh N otntighaomna ni nvnaotiuvneedr grtaedu uraban
for thotsote h senbu ejwe acntdt horseeuq iirnag plannpirnoaggm rmeI.tp sr iymm aortivawtaisao n
genegruaild Teh.es trucitseu arseai clcye ssisbtrloen,g -hainnddh,st wi,ieg nb elveic eorr-ect
withs elf-conatnadwi enlecdlr oss-refceornevnicctethd,ia b otynt aechiunrgb adne siagttn h e
secotniasn dc hpateTrhsi.es n abrleeasd teodr si pc oroefa ni ntdeirsciyp,cl rienaatprirvoemb,-l seolv­
inf osrp eciinffiocr mwahtiiolnei, cn trheem enitnadgli sc,ip pllainnn(eiannogdt hesrt)u dewnotusl d
lyaerionfcg o necptasi dtsh orseeia dntgh beo okh aves puae rainodmro rvea lulaebalreen xipnNgi ­
covteorc over. encweh,i wcohu -ldnit ur-pnr ovaib deet ftoeru n­
Urbdane siigsn tarlesaoat sae d de sipgrno cedsast ifoontr h efiurt ucraer eAelrtsh.o umgah nyi n
inw hicahs,i n a nys ucphr ocess,a rneto h esrceh ooofpl lsa nnuirnbgda,en s iigfsni r gautipvuetl y
'rigorh' tw'r oannsgw'e -rtshearreoe n l'yeb tteirn'ta 'o boaxn'dt augbhytt h sec hooonll'uysr ban
and 'woonersst,eh 'qe u atylo ifw hicmha yo nyl desi'gsnp eicsitoa'ul,cr o ntenwtaisto hnau tr ban
bek nowinnt mie.I ti sn eceys,st ahrreefotroe d,e siagwna reannesdse sn siitsbyh ioluilndf oarl-ml
havae conitnuya qlulsetniiogn andi nqsuiitiovrea, t l eamsots,-t p arotfst hec urrilcuumT.h e
apporacthot hsebu ejctr,a thtehraa nd ogmatsiacm mea yb ec onsidteobr eet dr uoefs chooofl s
viewT.h eb oodko enso tt,h eefrorsee,e tko aricthecatunrdse ru venygiS.e contdh,ew raes a
produac 'en ewt'h eyo roufbr an deisnia gnne etdo p repaurnedg erradulaetcet cuorsueer s
prespctirfviaes hiaonndh ,en cen,o f orumalicp resnegni tdaiesp,r inlceaisn,p dc ocnepotfst he
'osultioinio'sf rfeedT.h eries n,e verthae lseusbsj,teo sc utp ptohret progrdaemsmisegt'nus d io
broabdei leifn- anadt tittou-udbera n deassi tgaenci hnAgl.t homuagnhey x cleelbnoto ekxsi sitte d,,
an imoprtapnatr otf ubrand eevlopm,e snotobne came appanroendneert wf trhotamht fe lu l
renewmaaln,a gnetmp,el annainndcg o nvsae­rranogfue r bdaens itghno ugThhwter. i toiftn hge se
tiopnr ocesses. corusegse naetretdh ei defao tr heb ooka,n d
Syntihseisanngd inteigedraa:tt>hi,en ogr iperso,v iidtoesvd e rsatlrlu cture.
etc., a wfirdorema ngoefs orucetsh,be o oiks
embeddienadc omephrevnesr ieaidnogfe xisting
ltierataunrdre e sceha.Ir ta lsdoar wso nt heT hes tructure
authoerxsp'e riientn echaenci gr,e seianragcn hd
writaibnogu utbr and esiginns choooflp sl ­anThe bookt heriems a iipnna t rsI.tb egiwnista h
nniga,r icthecatnudsr uev reying. brodadi scuosfts hieo nc ownittehwxihtni ucrhb an
vi Preface
desitgankp elsa cIneC .hp ate1r,t h ceh allfeonrgm ea kibnegt tpelra ctehsa wno ulodt herwbies e
'urbdaens iagnndf' o trh e' urbdaens i'g n-erap roduTcheids-.u niass hamaenddl yu ongaeptoil­
terums etdh rougthhoebu oto ikn i tbsr oadecsatl- lyan ormaticvoen tentiownh aawtbe o ut
sentsoee ncopmasbso t'hk nowainnd'g u'kn now­beilevuer ban dsehsoiubgleand b o,ur tathtehra n
ingu'rb daens niegr-si sm adeex plTihceci hta.p w­haatt a nyp oiinntt imei sai bto uWte. t hus
tedre bleirataedlotyps bar oaudn dseatrndinrge,g aurrdb daens iagsan n e thiaccatli fvriistityn,:
seeiunbrgad ne siagsmn o ert hasnip mltyh peh ysa­na xiolosgeincs(aebl e caiuts ei inst imately
icavli soaurpa ple aroafdn ecvee lopamneadns t ,a cno ncerwnietdih s suoefvs a elsu)a;n d, second,
intaetgir(viej. oei.n eadn-idunp t)e graacttiinvgbi etcy.a uistie s- ors houbled- concerwnietdh
While duersbiagsncn o'pmsea yb eb road itasnp da irctuvlaalrus eusca hs sjouctisiaaclne de qiuty.
bounideaosrf t'efnu zzy'h,e aotrfhit et c so nciesr n InC hatpe2r, i ssoufec sh anigne ctohne tem­
abomuatk ipnlga fcoeprse optlheii:ds ef ao rms ptohreya urrbacno enxtatr oeu tlianneddd i scussed.
kernoeftl h ibso okM.o rree alilsyi,tti i sac baoluCth pate3r presean ntusm ebro fo verrcahing
Prefavciei
contex-tlso cgallo,b maarlk,e atn dr egautlo-ryp rofieosnlsaelvh ealvc eo mbitnoeg vdie i atn ew
that prtohvebi adcek grfoourun rdb adne sigpnr omin-einnct eh ep ublsiecc ttohrr,o utghhe
acotniT.h esceo nteuxndtesr painndi nfotrhme s preoafdd esni rgeviceown tarsoa l m eantso
discusosfti hoiendn si viddiuemanls ioofnu bsra np romobteet tdeers itghnr oupglha nnaicntgi on,
desipgrni ncainpdplr easc itniPc aerI tI . andi nt hper osfieoswnistt hh eem ergeonffc,oe r
ParItcI o nsoifsst iscx h atperesa,c ohf w hiceh xam,pt lheCeo negsrs foNre wUt rhaben isImn.
reviaes wbuss tandtiiemvnes ioofn urdbeasni- gna ddituibroannd, e siigstnh feo coufsw ellv-edle­
'morpholo'gepirccaealpl't','u,s oci'avli's,uo aple'gd,r arsoso atcst yi,wv iittlho ccaolmm uinties
'fuinocntaanld'' temaploA'rs.u rbadne siigsan participatthiedn egs igminan,n agemaenndt
joineadc-tuyip,tv hisitesp ariafsto itroh npe u rposrese hapoifn gt heir eonwvni rlooncmaeln ts.
ofc lraiitnye xposiatndia onanl yosnilsTy h.e ssei x Urbadne siigsan ne xpanddiinpsgcl iiTnhee.r e
ovelrappdiinemgn siaorntesh 'ee versybudjaeyc itus n pecredenatneiddn credaesmianngd from the
mattero'fu rbadne siwghni,lt eh ec rostsnicgu ptublaincdp rivsaetcet foorprsr atcitoisn e-ror,
contexotust liinnCe hdat pe3rr eltaota en idn formmo rsei pmlfyo,tr h owsietu hr bdaens iegxnp ertise.
altlh de iemnsiTohness .id xi mnesioannsd foTuhrid se manidsb eimnagt chbeyad r anogfen ew
contexatrasel slnoik eadn dr elabtyte hdce o nceupr­bdaens icgonsu erastb otghr aduatuen edarn­d
tioonfd esiagsa� p nr ocoefps rso blseoimln vTgh.e gradtuel aevebylg ser;a treeorcg nitinip olnan n�nJi,
chpatearrsne o ti ntentdode ed ltib moiuanrdieasr chitaencdst uuvrreyailn( gr eal eedscutaattieo)n ;
aroupnadrc tuilaaerra osf u brand esing.I ntseada,n d nbeywd emafnrdo pmr ivaantdpe u bcpl riac­
theeym phsiasteh eb readotft hh se ubjeacrte at,i tiwonaenrtsit ond ge vealpoppo rprisaktiaeln lds
witthh ceo ncnteiobnestw etehnde fi freenbtr oadk nowledge.
arebaesi nmga dee xpliUcribtad.ne siigson ny l Allu rbadne sisg ne-brothk nowianngd
hoilstiifac lt lh dei mens(itohaneers a osf a ctiounn)nk owi(nsgeC eh apt1e)-rn eeadc leuanrd ­er
arceo nesriedsdi mlutaneously. satndionfhg o wt heviarr iousa naidctn teirnovn­es
InP arI,tli lmplemaetnitond ealenirdmyv e chat­ioinnts h beu ielntv ironcmoemnnbetit oc reate
nismasr ee xpeldo rh-owu brand esiigsnh igqhu iatlpye,o ep-liferlnydv,i taanlvd i aebnlvei ­
prorceudc,o ntroalnldce odm,m iucnat-esdt resrso­nnmteosr c,o nvelyrp,so eoqru iatlayl,i teinnoagr
intgh nea teuo rfu rbdaens nia gsap orcemsosv insgi myp mlontoonoounse Ass.a fieladc toyif,v it
frotmh eyo troa ctiTohnef. i ncahlat pebrr ingusbr adne sihganbs e etnh seu bjoefmc utc rhe cent
togetthheer vadriimoeunsso ifto hnsesu bjteoc att ntteiaonnd sheacrseu di tpsl aacme ontgh e
emphaistihsso etl iincsa ture. otheesrbt laisbhuetied ln voinrmepnrto fieosnasss
a keym eanosf a ddresisneitrndgpi ilsncyai 1
conceIrntn hsip.so sitiito an pi osly -iacndp rac­
Urbadne sigann:e mergianngd tice-bsausbejde ct whaircichth,e ctalunirdkee
evolviancgt ivity plaingnn,b enfeiftrso amn e xtenasnidlv eeg i­timis
intgh eoreutnidceiarnlpn iTnhgib.so odkar wso n
Iitos nylr ecenint lyt he uUbrKa dnte hsaihtga ns t hanto,w e xtensuinvdpee,ir nnngi,t op resent
beerneo cgneidas sa n piomrtaaernato fp arcticmea noyft hkee cyo ntribauitmieaodtbn esn eficially
byt heex insgbt uiielntvo inrmnetp rofieosnassn,d ifnluentchieon vge lrlqa ulayi atndl iveya obfi lit
evemno rree cetnhtalityht a s breeegcnons iebdy ubraenn vironments.
centarnadll o cgaolv ernntma,en di cnoraptoerd Whiluer bdaens ihgands e veloqpueidca knldy
morfe uliltnyot hep lannrienmgiT th.eU rbacno nntusiet oe volivte h,oi pse tdh atth set ructure
DesigAnl lia(nUDcAeL )a, mutlir·opsfseioand otpedb yt his bosotnkad t whitele lso tft ime
umberlloar ganishaaatsli soon ,sb eeutep bn y t hea ndo,v etri mew,i lble a blteo i ncpooarrte
buti lenvironpmreonsftse ionisantli tuttoe asd vanicneo su rt hinkoinn gt phrea ctaincde
promoutreb daens ign. procoefsu sbr and esiagswn e,l alsa nyo missions
Inc earitsnt atients h eU Su,br and esihgans w hic-thh roiuggohnr anocrle a ocfka ppecriation
oftbene en mfourlcelo yn ceptuaanldbi estetde- rh avneo tb eeinn ucdlefdr otmh es taArsta .
inetgraitnettdoh a ec tivoift ieteshbstel a isbhueidlc to ntritbout thieo nb uentdteseratrn dionfgg o od
environpmreosnfstei onEaxlasm.i naotfi otnhu er bdaens iigtnh ,oip se dt haitwt il clo ntrtiobu te
plannhiitnsogro yfc itsiuecashs S aFnr ancainsdct oh ed esigdne,v elopmeennhtca,en menatn d
Polratncdl eadrelmnyos attretsh iMso.erg enelrya,pl erservaotfsi cuocne susrfbulsa pna caensdc h­er
asi n UtKh,re eceininattt iiavteb so tphu blaincdi shpeudb lpilacc es.

THE CONTEXTF OR
URBAN DESIGN