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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF LAW PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW SUPPPLEMENT 2008 Spring 2008 Professor Jutta Brunnee Faculty of Law University of Toronto The materials reproduced herein are for the education use of students at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law only and are not for commercial sale or use. JAN - 7 2008 faculty of law jAP/ERSITY OF TORONTO PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW SUPPPLEMENT 2008 Spring 2008 Professor Jutta Brunnee Faculty of Law University' of Toronto The materials reproduced herein are for the education use of students at the University of Toronto Faculty’ of Law only and are not for commercial sale or use. TABLE OF CONTENTS Brownlie, Glossary of International Law Terms.1 DISCUSSION EXAMPLES The Case of Maher Arar: Timeline.2-6b The Challenge of Global Climate Change G8 Summit - Joint Statement by the German G8 Presidency and the Heads of State and/or Government of Brazil, China, Mexico and South Africa, June 8, 2007.7 Michael Renner, “Worldwatch Perspective: Security Council Discussion of Climate Change Raises Concerns About "Securitization" of Environment,” April 30, 2007.10 Collective Responsibility and Collective Security ? '‘Must intervention be legal?” The Economist.12 Kofi Annan, 1999 General Assembly Address (Excerpts).13 Kofi Annan, 2003 General Assembly Address (Excerpts).14 INTRODUCTION Lori Fisler Damrosch et al.. Historical Introduction to International Law: Cases and Materials (4th ed) (St Paul, Minn.: West, 2001), xxvii-xxxvi.17 Jonathan D. Greenberg, “Does Power Trump Law?” (2003) 55 Stanford L. Rev. 1789 (1790-1792, 1803- 1820).27 Thomas M. Franck, “The Power of Legimacy and the Legitimacy of Power: International Law in an Age of Power Disequilibrium,” (2006) 100 AJIL 88 (88-99, 105-106).47 Jutta Brunnee & Stephen J. Toope, “Persuasion and Enforcement: Explaining Compliance with International Law,” (2002) XIII Finnish Yearbook of International Law 273-279, 292-295 .60 ii INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PERSONS States and Statehood - Perspectives on State Sovereignty Anthony Anghie, Imperialism, Sovereignly and the Making of International Law (Cambridge: CUP, 2005) 1-8 .70 Benedict Kingsbury, “Sovereignty and Inequality” (1998) 9 EJIL 599-602, 616-618 .74 Internationally Administered Territories Antony Anghie, ““The Heart of My Home”: Colonialism, Environmental Damage, and the Nauru Case,” (1993) 34 Harv. Int 7 L. J. 445-446.80 Austral ia-Nauru Agreement 1993 .82 Gerald B. Helman & Steven R. Ratner, “Saving Failed States,” (1992) 89 Foreign Policy 1 .85 United Nations, 2005 World Summit Outcome, paras. 1-16, 77-105, 119-120, 138-140 .92 People Seeking Self-Determination Canada NewsWire, “UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples” (9 November 2006).100 LAW FORMATION PROCESSES Treaty Law - Climate Change Case Study 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Preamble, Arts. 2, 3, 4.1 and 4.2(a)+(b), 7.1-7.3, 8, 15, 16-20, 22-25, Annexes 1 and II.101 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, Preamble, Arts. 1, 3.1-3.7, 3.9-3.13, 4.1 and 4.3, 5.1,6.1-6.3, 7.1, 10 (a) and (b), 12.1- 12.7, 13.1-13.6, 17-18, 20-27, Annex B .Ill Byrd-Hagel Resolution, 143 CONG. REC. S8113-05 (July 25, 1997) .121 The White House, “Text of a Letter from the President to Senators Flagel, Helms, Craig, and Roberts,” March 13,2001 .123 Tiny Pacific nation takes on Australia (BBC News Online, 4 March 2002) and Tuvalu Steps up Threat to Sue Australia, U.S. (September 8, 2002 - IPS,TINA Nius Online).125 Discussion Scenario: UNFCCC / Kyoto Protocol: Clean Energy Credits? 127 Other (“Subsidiary”) Sources of International Law and “Soft” Law Discussion Scenario: Binding Decision-Making under the UNFCCC?.128 Geoffrey Palmer, ‘New Ways to Make International Environmental Law’ (1992) 86 AJIL 259 .129 “Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts,” UN Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001).135 Stefan Talmon, ‘The Security Council as World Legislature’ (2005) 99 AJIL 175.139 Problem for Discussion Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo, DRC v. Rwanda (2006, ICJ)). 142a-b NATIONAL APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW Customary7 Law R. v. Hape, 2007 SCC 26 (excerpts).143 Spraytech v. Hudson, [2001] 2 S.C.R. 2 (excerpts).146 Treaties in Canada Joanna Harrington, “Redressing the Democratic Deficit in Treaty Law Making” (2005) 50 McGill L.J. 465 (excerpts).148 Gerin-Lajoie Doctrine .153 Bloc Quebecois Communique (10 April 2006).154 Impact of Unimplemented Treaties Ahani v. Canada (O.C.A.).156 Joanna Harrington, “Punting Terrorists, Assassins and Other Undesirables” (2003)48 McGill L.J. 55.188 Friends of the Earth v. Canada.202 Perspectives on the Relationship between International Law and National Law Harold Koh, “Bringing International Law flome” (1998) 35 Houston L. Rev. 623 (excerpts).214 IV Anne-Marie Slaughter, A New World Order (Princeton UP, 2004), 66-69.228 United Nations Act (Canada). 230a-h Report of the Government of Canada to the Counter-Terrorism Committee of Security Council on Measures Taken to Implement Resolution 1373 (2001).230a-h STATE JURISDICTION OVER TERRITORY Sovereignty in the Arctic “Race is on to claim the Arctic Circle,” The New: Zealand Herald, 07.01.05 .231 “Arctic: Canada and Denmark Revive Sovereignty Claims,” Tierramerica, April 22, 2006 .234 “PM heading north to bolster sovereignty claim: Tour part of several initiatives to assert Canada's claim to Northwest Passage,” The Toronto Star, June 25, 2007.236 “Inuit leader demands input on Arctic sovereignty,” CBC News, August 22. 2007 .238 Duty to Assist Nationals? Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, Article 36.239 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 14.239 The Right to Information on Consular Assistance in the Framework of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law, Advisory Opinion OC-16/99, October 1, 1999, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser A) No. 16 (1999).240 “Canadian on death row may give up fight for life,” CTV News, November 12, 2007.247 Khadr v. Minister of Foreign Affairs (2004, F.C.T.D.).249 Commission of Inquiry, Report of the Events Relating to Maher Arar.254 R (on the application of A1 Rawi and others) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and another (2006, C.A.).260 v Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Bankovic v. Belgium (2001, ECtHR).272 R. v. Hape (2007, SCC).279 "Defence chief enlists British academic who argued legality of Iraq invasion,” Canadian Press, August 31,2007 .294 STATE RESPONSIBILITY Tiny Pacific nation takes on Australia (BBC News Online, 4 March 2002) and Tuvalu Steps up Threat to Sue Australia, U.S. (September 8, 2002 - IPS/PINA Nius Online) [Text in “Climate Change Case Study, ” under “Law Formation Processes ”] .125 LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF FORCE United Nations, 2005 World Summit Outcome, paras. 1-16,77-105, 119-120, 138-140 .92 vi - CO re C ■— ;s o E .9 — £ Xcqj 6GCJ xc QJ • — ccc o to G C-O QJ c cCO t„ X c - c c urt. XC Xc c: X a o s? c __ oVO c •- o rz B t S S CO QJ X .3 ur_t oo-j. x r= C C£ Cr: c CO C O — .2 -5 CO OCm ••CvaQGC*->_SJ-O -"~QqOvC<Q£L',.j». XQCJm CCE:< O xo9qqjj xo •C-i , ooc* . • X OO , QJ >CO* .* CcpO cr 3 •.fECSJ icCSfl , C■:cSl --=fSXe xCCQJm X^QQcJJ Cl. *OvEccX> £r3ro-: a- 5O xOEn*j ^^2 XH ^—XuGJ XWE~~ ' xT^o3 XOO *□vX—Qr.Jr •1 ^PUVC-m XQrQx-J v~3Orcz-z E :x>eM •7. . 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' ^ . xX-o Xo ;H~ So C QCJJ -<0SC0C *• ~XOoc~C. ucz Oo E3H 1 Maher Arar - Timeline (Compiled from CBC & CTV timelines & various press reports) Sept. 26, 2002 Arar is detained by U.S. Immigration and Naturalization officials at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport while returning alone to Montreal from a family vacation in Tunisia. A citizen of both Canada and Syria, he is carrying a Canadian passport. American officials allege Arar has links to al-Qaeda and detain and question him. Oct. 7 or 8, 2002 Arar is flown to Jordan and then transferred to Syria. Oct. 10, 2002 Canadian officials are informed Arar has been deported. Oct. 16, 2002 Bill Graham, Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs, complains to U.S. government about arrest and deportation of Arar. Oct. 22, 2002 Foreign Affairs Department says Arar is being held in a Syrian prison. April 30, 2003 Syria tells Canada it will charge Arar with membership in a banned Muslim organization, the Muslim Brotherhood of Syria. Aug. 6, 2003 A report by the London-based group Syrian Human Rights Committee (SHRC) says Arar is being tortured and beaten while in jail. Aug. 8, 2003 Graham says Canada will not recall ambassador. IX ‘. Sept. 25, 2003 Graham says Syrian officials have assured him Arar will be tried in a civil, and not military trial. Oct. 5, 2003 Syria frees Arar. Graham notifies Arar's wife, Monia Mazigh, and credits "quiet Canadian diplomacy" for the release. Oct. 6, 2003 Arar returns to Montreal, 375 days after U.S. immigration officials arrested him. 2